The sayansi nsomba - ichthyology

gawo ikufotokoza za sayansi ya zinyama nsomba: mmene, kapangidwe, malo okhala, zizolowezi kudya, ndi zina zambiri, kuti angawapeze. Limati ndi bungwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo m'madzi, gulu lawo ndi kuchulukana, kuthandiza deta yanu imayendetsedwa ndi nsomba ndi kulima yokumba mitundu payekha - onse a sayansi ya nsomba. Kodi inu mumawatcha chigawo ichi?

The m'mbiri yakale ya nkhani

Zoyesayesa oyamba Kafukufuku kalelo. Tikhoza kunena kuti China ndi sayansi kuti amaphunzira nsomba, ndithudi, ndi kumvetsa achikalekale ikutuluka Zakachikwi poyamba Khristu. Ndipo mu India - mu 6 m'ma BC. Kodi mukuwaona pamanja, yomwe inali ikuchitika malongosoledwe a mitundu ina, umoyo wawo, maonekedwe a malo ndi chakudya.

Aristotle

The sayansi kuti amaphunzira nsomba, inakulitsidwa (osati monga mwambo paokha, koma monga gawo ndi Hud) mu ntchito wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba wotchuka Aristotle ndi kafukufuku - "History of Animals" (zana la 4 BC ..). Tikumbukenso kuti deta pa moyo m'madzi, omwe anafotokoza mu bukhu, anali kwambiri moti pafupifupi chidziwitso zoyambirira za nsomba mpaka m'ma 15. Ndiyeno-sayansi nsomba kwathunthu kuwadalira.

Wodzilamulira ndipo zinthu zinali kundiyendera

Kuyambira 15 mpaka 19 m'ma, asayansi ndi mayiko osiyana Mwadzikundikira chidziwitso cha anthu a m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Ndipo 19 potsiriza sayansi nsomba adziika chilango palokha - ichthyology. Iye adaimira kutumikira anthu ndi kukhala ndi nsomba yogwira zaka zimenezo. Wamphamvu ukuyanga sayansi nsomba limalowera mu zaka za m'ma 20, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha sayansi mwayi mozamirapo kuphunzira nyanja ntchito adalowetsedwa sitima zankhondo, submersibles, sonar ndi kukasambira. Knowledge patsogolo kwambiri ndi zimene ananena kulandira moyo m'madzi.

The sayansi nsomba: dzina ndi zimene maphunziro?

Choncho, ichthyology tsopano Bwaloli ndi limodzi mwa magawo zolengedwa zinyama ndi nsana - nsomba. Iye akuphunzira dongosolo lawo, ntchito zikuluzikulu ndi zapamwamba cha ziwalo, malo okhala ndi moyo, kugawa, ndi kubalana, zamoyo zinachita chitukuko cha nyama nyanja, systematizing mitundu ndi subspecies.

Chimodzi mwa mayendedwe yaikulu ya asonyeza - kuphunzira khalidwe la nsomba, malingana ndi kusintha malo amene akukhala. chikhalidwe chake amachepetsa kapena anola achibadwidwe, ali zimakhudza chakudya ndi kubalana.

zingamuthandize kunjira ina - kuphunzira chakudya. kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka, malingana zifukwa zosiyanasiyana (mmodzi amene Mwachitsanzo, - ntchito chuma anthu) azonse ndipo ngakhale Mzimuyo kuli mtundu winawake.

Malinga ndi gulu akufuna, pali mitundu ingapo ya m'madzi inakhala okhala - mwankhanzaku. Benthophages kudya zamoyo zokhala pansi ndi pansi pa dziwe. Detritus - pa zotsalira akufa ndi mabakiteriya. Zimadya - zofanana, ndiko kuti, nsomba. Herbivores - chomera chakudya m'madzi.

Mavalidwewa

Koma sayansi ya nsomba - sikungokhudza chiphunzitso. maluso ambiri mwachindunji othandiza ntchito zausodzi: nsomba ndi kuswana. Iwo ntchito makampani ndi kupanga, zonenera zachilengedwe, kuphunzira m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja. Ndipotu, ambiri a dziko lathu ndi madzi, ndi mitundu yonse lapadziko nyama tuluka mwa nyanja dziko - za izi ndi kusaiwala! Pakati pa mavuto onena kuti kuthetsedwa mwa ichthyology zamakono - gulu la yoyenera ndipo ndiyanzeru, ndi kubwezeretsa nsomba kwambiri, amatha adzathetsa vuto la kotunga mapuloteni lonse.