Theodolite: chipangizo, cholinga, mitundu

Pochita ntchito yowunikira ndi yomangamanga ndi yomanga ndikofunika kwambiri. Ndipo sikuloledwa kupanga zovuta zomangamanga, monga akunena, "pakuwona" muzochitika zoterezi. Pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimakulolani kuti muyesetse kuyeza mozama ndikuwerengera. Mwachitsanzo, miyeso, matepi, tachometers ndi zipangizo zina.

Ena mwa iwo ndi theodolite. Ichi ndi chipangizo chopambana kwambiri, chomwe chimatsimikizira ntchito yolondola ya ofufuza. Theodolites ndi openta ndi zamagetsi. Iwo amachita kafukufuku wochuluka, kuyesa zonse ziwiri zopingasa ndi zowongoka.

Mapulogalamu

Chipangizo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera otsatirawa:

• Pamene kuli kofunikira kumanga mapu a mapepala ndi mapulani kapena makina onse a malo otchedwa geodetic pa malo amtunda atatu a malo;
• Pamene kuli kofunikira kudziwa malo omwe ali pa tsambali ndi ulemu wina ndi mzake;
• Mwachitsanzo, popanga ntchito yomanga, pakufunika kukonza zowonongeka kapena zowoneka zomangamanga (milu, ndondomeko, etc.);

Sikovuta kugwira ntchito ndi theodolite. Kuchita zovuta zowerengera ndi miyeso, muyenera kupeza luso linalake.

Chiwerengero cha zipangizo

Theodolites ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Izi ndi izi:

1. Theodolites opaka. Zida zamtundu uwu ndizofala kwambiri. Zili zolondola komanso zodalirika kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda. Anthu otchukawa ndi otchedwa Theodolites mwa mitundu imeneyi. Iwo ali ndi ubwino wambiri pa anzawo apakompyuta: safuna zinthu zamagetsi pa ntchito ndipo n'zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Theodolites opanga angathe kugwira ntchito mu kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri, ngakhale kutentha kosasangalatsa. Theodolites mwa mitundu imeneyi alibe zochepa. Malipoti amachitika pamlingo. Ngati chidacho sichingakhale ndi mkati, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zofunikira kupeza chipika chamtundu chomwe deta yonse idzalembedwe.
2. Theodolites laser samakhalanso osiyana ndi zovuta za ntchito. Mu chipangizo choterechi, ntchito ya laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imakhala ngati chizindikiro cholondola. Chipangizocho chimaphatikizapo ntchito za zipangizo ziwiri - chipangizo chowonerako komanso chida chogwiritsira ntchito pakompyuta. Chipangizocho chili ndi pulosesa yamphamvu yomwe imapanga mawerengero onse ndikuwonetsera zotsatira za chipangizochi. Kuphweka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mosavuta kwa theodolite yotere kumveka.
3. Digital theodolites sagwiritsira ntchito mabwalo ozungulira ndi osakanikirana omwe ali ndi pang'onopang'ono. Ma disks amatsenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake. Chipangizocho chimapanga miyeso mwachangu. Mapangidwe a chipangizo choterocho ali ndi chipangizo chokumbukira. Theodolite amasunga deta mkatikatikati. Ndi ma theodolites a digito, musagwire ntchito nyengo zovuta komanso kutentha, chifukwa zipangizozi zili ndi magetsi komanso maonekedwe a LCD.
4. Phototheodolites ndi cinodolite ndizo gulu la zida zomwe zili ndi cholinga. Mapangidwe a oyambayo amagwirizanitsa theodolite ndi kamera, yomwe imatanthauzira zolemba zapamwamba. Cholinga chachikulu cha cinema theodolite ndiko kukonza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zonse pansi komanso mumlengalenga.

Chipangizo chadongosolo

Malinga ndi mapangidwe awo a theodolite amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Zosavuta. Muzinthu za theodolite, alidade ndi miyendo imasinthasintha pawokha.
• Kubwereza. Kusinthasintha kwa chiwalo ndi alidade kungatheke palimodzi payekha komanso palimodzi.

Theodolites amagawanika molingana ndi kulondola kwawo:

• Zojambula, kukhala ndi zolakwika za masekondi 15 mpaka 60.
• Zolondola ndi zolakwika za masekondi khumi ndi awiri.
• Makhalidwe apamwamba. Lolani kuti muyese miyeso ndi cholakwika cha mphindi imodzi yamphindi.

General chipangizo

Theodolite ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kuwona chitoliro. Ili ndi kuchulukitsa kwina kochuluka. Gawoli likukhazikitsidwa pazitsulo ziwiri, zomwe zimakwezedwa pamsasa.
• Kuwerengera njira. Zimaphatikizapo bwalo loyang'ana ndi lozungulira (chiwalo). Yoyamba ili m'ndandanda, ndipo yachiwiri ili pamunsi pa chipangizochi.
• Dashed or scale microscope. Chipangizo ichi chowerengera chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipangizo zamakina. Choyamba, chiwerengerochi chimachitidwa molingana ndi kukwapulidwa kwa ndondomekoyi, ndipo yachiwiri - payeso. Makina oonera zinthu zakuthambo amapangidwa kuti awerenge kuwerenga kwa miyendo.
• Alidad. Ndi wolamulira wokhoma amene ali ndi mgwirizano wolimba kwa thupi lachiwalo. Ali ndi kuwerengera - nonius.
• Adapter ndi otsogolera operekera. Pa tincture ndi mgwirizano, izi zikuluzikulu zimalongosola mawonekedwe a chipangizo choyendetsa bwino.
• Pakatikati. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwirawo, opangira molondola amachitira pamwambapa.
• Ulendo wautatu. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito pamalo enaake. Theodolite amaikidwa pa izo.

Kodi chipangizochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Theodolite yamagetsi imagwira ntchito molingana ndi mfundo yotsatirayi. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amawona zithunzi zazithunzi zosiyanasiyana za zomangamanga kupyolera mu chovala cha maso cha telescope. Pamene mawonekedwewo akusonyezedwa pa mfundo yomwe ilipo, mu chovala cha maso cha microscope, chomwe chiri ndi bar kapena kuika, chizindikiro choyang'ana ndi chosakanizika chikhazikika. Yoyamba ndilo lingaliro la chikhumbo, ndipo lachiwiri ndilo mbali ya chitsogozo.

Katswiri amachititsa kuti phokoso liziyenda motsatira ndondomeko ya kayendedwe kameneka, kayendetsedwe ka mazenera, ndiyeno amalemba zizindikirozi ku logi. Zonsezi zimachitika pamene theodolite ya opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mng'onoting'ono wamakono opangidwa ndi woyang'anira ntchito amathandiza kwambiri. Amakulolani kuti mudziwe momwe polojekiti ikuyendera.

Pogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi kuntchito, palibe chifukwa chokonzekera makona. Ndipotu, mapulogalamu a pakompyuta omwe ali osasinthasintha komanso ozungulira amawatumizira deta zonse ku LCD zojambulazo pa chipangizo chodziwika bwino cha digito. Ndiponso, deta yonse imasungidwa kumakumbukiro a chipangizo. Kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono zowakompyuta kumapereka kuwonjezeka kwa zochitika za katswiri ndipo kumathetsa zolakwika zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuwerenga kolakwika kwa zizindikiro zomwe zilipo poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe opangidwe.

Momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi theodolite?

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati malo oyenerera angapangidwe molondola? Allodolites ali ndi zigawo. Pa nthawi ya kukhazikitsa, iwo ayenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino. Mwa kusintha ma screws, mukhoza kupeza mlingo woyenera. Kulondola kwa pakati pa chiwalo kumakhazikitsidwa ndi phokoso kapena chipangizo chowongolera. Pamene mwaphunzira zinthu zomwe chipangizocho chimapangidwa, mukhoza kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi theodolite.

Kuyika ndi kusintha kwa chipangizochi

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji chida ichi? Choyamba muyenera kuyika chipangizo pa katatu. Ndiye ndikofunikira kudziwa mfundo ziwiri, zomwe zidzatsogoleredwa ndi telescope ya chida. Choyamba chimayikidwa ku mfundo yoyamba. Kenaka, chidacho chimayikidwa ndi kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wokhoma. Ndiye bwalo lozungulira liwerengedwa. Deta yonse iyenera kulowetsedwa mu logi, ndiye kukonza kwachotsedwa. Kenaka muyenera kufufuza mfundo yachiwiri. Kuti muchite izi, tembenuzirani ma theodolite. Pa siteji yotsatira, tembenuzirani chitoliro kupyolera mu zenith.

Kenaka, muyenera kusintha malo a bwalo ndikulozera chitoliro pamlingo. Ngati pali kusiyana kwakukulu muyeso, ndiye kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali udzakhala wolondola. Muyeso, nthambiyo iyenera kukhala zero kapena pafupi nayo. Kusinthasintha kwa alidade kuyenera kuimitsidwa panthawi yomwe sitiroko imakhala ndi zero pamimba ndi microscope. Miyeso yonse pamwambapa ikuchitidwa mu bwalo.

Kusankha chipangizo

Musanasankhe chida, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa ntchito yomwe idzachitike pa theodolite. Nthaŵi zambiri, chipangizo chosavuta chomwe chili ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi abwino. Kawirikawiri zipangizo zoterozo ndi zotchipa. Posankha chipangizo cha theodolite, musamangoganizira za magawo monga kufalitsa deta komanso kukumbukira mkati, chifukwa alibe ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito.

Buku la malangizo a theodolite

Malangizo oyenera a theodolite iliyonse ndi malangizo ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotsogolera wogwiritsa ntchito akufotokoza momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito pa chipangizocho. Pogwiritsa ntchito bukhu ili, mungathe kuthana ndi theodolite popanda thandizo lina. Bukuli likugwiritsanso ntchito khadi lovomerezeka ndi pasipoti yeniyeni ya chipangizochi. Pafupifupi mtengo wa theodolite umagetsi ndi 50-70,000 rubles.

Kodi theodolite amakonzedwa bwanji?

Malangizo kwa aodolite ali ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha chipangizocho. Zimaphatikizapo deta zotsatirazi:

• Zofunika kwambiri zamakono;
• Chiwerengero cha ntchito;
• Zolemba mabungwe;
• Momwe mungayikitsire bwino chida ndikukonzekera kuyeza;
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chipangizo;
• Kuwona pa chandamale;
• Momwe mungayesere ndikuyendetsa chida;
• Chisamaliro cha chipangizochi.

Buku lophunzitsira pamapepala ndi lophatikizana komanso lopindulitsa, lomwe ndi lopindulitsa kwambiri. Sizitenga malo ambiri ndipo mukhoza kutenga izo. Lamulo ili silidzasintha tsamba la LCD ndipo silidzapereka. Kuchokera pa nthawi iliyonse mungapeze mfundo zofunika, ngakhale mutakhala kumunda, pa malo omanga kapena ntchito.

Malangizo a chipangizo cha theodolite ali ndi zambiri zokhudza chida chomwe chingakuthandizeni kukhazikitsa ndi kutsimikizira.

Kunyumba kwa Theodolite

The Theodolite 4T30P ndiyo njira yotchuka kwambiri yopangira zoweta. Zimapangidwa ndi chomera cha Ural Optical-Mechanical Plant. Theodolite iyi ndi ya gulu la zida zamakono. Theodolite 4t30p ali ndi ubwino wotsatira:

• Kuwerenga kumatengedwa ndi chithandizo cha microscope;
• Njira ya nthawi zitatu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito chotsitsa chochotsedwera ndi makina opangidwira;
• Ili ndi telescope ya chithunzi chowonekera;
• Chilolezo cha thupilo chimapangidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwapadera kwa chipangizo;
• Pali chisautso chochotsedwa;
• Chipangizochi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyengo;
• Cholemera chochepa;
• Zing'onozing'ono za chipangizochi.

Theodolite amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'madera otsatirawa:

• Ulimi;
• Chithunzi;
• Kulinganiza kwa malo;
• Zamoyo;
• Mitengo.

Theodolite imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wolemera. Mtengo wa theodolite uli pafupi ruble 50-60,000.

Choncho, kusankha kosodolite ndi kwanu, komwe kumadalira molingana ndi kukula kwa ntchito.