Mgwirizano Universal Nthawi: chifukwa ndi mmene anayambitsa?

nthawi yoyenera n'kofunika kwambiri masiku ano, pamene kayendedwe ka moyo chawonjezeka kwambiri. Koma vuto ndi kukhalapo kwa mabacteria osiyana nthawi - Ndipotu pochita zinthu ndi anthu ochokera madera ena a dziko ndikofunika ndi mtundu wina wa miyeso yolinganizira wamba. Kuti tichite zimenezi, ayenera mgwirizano nthawi konsekonse. Koma kodi anthu kuti m'njira imeneyi?

Kodi mgwirizano Time Universal (UTC)?

Masiku ano apamwamba ofunika amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira - ndalama wosakwatiwa, chinenero, etc. Koma woyendera nthambi limodzi nthawi, kulowa sangathe, chifukwa pamene Chigawo chimodzi cha tsiku zina - .. Night. Komanso, pali otchedwa m'dera nthawi dzuwa, akubwera mu mzere ndi njira magetsi kusuntha kudutsa mlengalenga kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo. Koma nthawi mabacteria ayenera kukhala mu njira ina zokhudzana ndi mzake, ndi zina Buku mfundo. Kuchita izi, ndipo pali UTC - mgwirizano Universal Time. Zinali kwa iye amawateteza boma, atakhala m'gawo wotchi ake. Koma kodi m'njira imeneyi?

Mbiri ya oyamba a muyezo umodzi

Poyamba anthu amasankha nthawi ya dzuwa. mphindi anapitirira mfundo zake apamwamba, anavomerezedwa masana. Ndi mfundo ndi ntchito imeneyi sundial. Koma njira imeneyi si wolondola kwambiri, kuwonjezera, chitukuko cha anthu amafuna amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira wamkulu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, pamene dziko latsopano, ndi anthu kuti mufunika kulowa nthawi mabacteria ndi kuwamanga iwo palimodzi mu malo oyamba mokhudzana ndi navigation, kupangidwa GSM system (Greenwich Kukutanthauzanji Time), dzina lake chifukwa chakuti meridian anatseguka, ndi zomwe zimawerengedwa nthawi anadutsa Observatory Greenwich.

Mwa njira, isanafike oyamba a muyezo umenewu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ntchito mfundo zawo ziro. Monga ulamuliro, ndi meridians ambiri Pankhaniyi anadutsa Observatory m France - Paris, Russia - .. The Pulkovo, etc. Koma kupanda muyezo umodzi zinkandivuta. Ndipo mu 1884 kuti Greenwich Meridian Zero Analeredwa. Malinga ndi iye, osati synchronize ulonda, komanso kudziwa ndondomeko Hrs - longitude.

Tsopano uwu umatchedwa muyezo UTC, kapena mgwirizano Universal Time. Mosiyana GMT, izo poyerekeza ndi wotchi atomiki, ndipo pa zaka 2-3 ndi kukonzanso lonse mu mawonekedwe a "owonjezera" a lachiwirilo. Izi zachitika kuti abwere nthawi yanu zakuthambo.

Chodetsa nthawi mabacteria

Time pa Greenwich meridian chiwerengedwa. Pakuti kuphweka, iwo amatchedwa kusiyana ndi iye, kuti ndiye UTC + 1, UTC-8, ndi zina zotero. D. Si nthawi zonse ntchito meridians, monga nthawi zina zingakhale penapake kovuta kwa zimasiyanitsa mabacteria nthawi. Izi, poyamba, n'chifukwa zina zosangalatsa kwambiri za nthawi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Koma izi nkhani zotsatirazi.

ntchito

Choncho pamene zinadziwika kuti zimenezi co-ordinated, tiyenera kukambirana momwe ntchito m'dziko masiku ano. Choyamba, ziro meridian akadali zogwirizana navigation - onse mu nyanja ndi mlengalenga. Chachiwiri, kudaliranaku amaonekera ake kufunika kwa nthawi Buku wamba. Conference akuitana pakati pa anthu ili mu madera osiyana a dziko, woikidwa ndi UTC.

Mwa njira, m'madera ena, nthawi mabacteria sikuti kulibe. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Arctic ndi Antarctic, kumene nthawi salembedwa amavomerezedwa UTC + 0. Ndipotu, akatswiri pa okwerera kumalo ozizira ndi kuwerenga maola ngati ali omasuka. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chombo ntchito pa kanjira dziko lapansi.

mfundo zosangalatsa

System kuphatikizapo mgwirizano Universal Time, unapangidwa nthawi yaitali, ndi chifukwa chakuti munali zina chidwi.

• Palibe boma chidule UTC decryption. Mu 1970, pamene mfundo imeneyi unayamba, kukambirana mungachite TUC (Temps Universel Coordonné) ndi DULANI (mgwirizano Universal Time). Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anaganiza kuti asiye pa ndale UTC.
• Novosibirsk linakhazikitsidwa pa magombe awiri a mtsinje, amene amayendetsa ndendende pa ola meridian. Ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali mu mzinda pali awiri nthawi. Isanafike kumanga mu 1955 mlatho woyamba sayambitsa kusapeza makamaka chifukwa magawo awiri a Novosibirsk nkomwe n'zogwirizana ndi mzake. Koma mu 1958, mzinda anabwera kwa nthawi imodzi.
• Mwanzeru kusiyana lalikulu nthawi pakati pa mfundo ziwiri za dziko lapansi akhale maola 24. Koma zoona pali 26 nthawi mabacteria. Mu Pacific, ndi pafupi wina ndi mnzake pali awiri chilumba States: American Samoa Archipelago Line. Nthawi kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi maola 25. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha Islands Line, kale m'manja mwa UK, anayeza nthawi kuchokera ku Australia, natembenukira UTC + 14. A Samoa UTC 11 zochita malinga ndi kusiyana kwa America chokhala.
• M'madera ena a Australia zina amaoneka yopingasa nthawi mabacteria. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti si onse States ikuyenda mu nthawi yozizira.
• Osati nthawi zonse kusiyana ndi Greenwich ziri chimodzimodzi kuchuluka kwa maola. Mu Nepal amachita UTC + 5: 45, m'mizinda ina Australia 8: 45, ndi zilumba za Chatham, New Zealand + 12: 45.