TIR magalimoto: zikutanthauza chiyani? Malangizo kwa ophimba Katundu pansi TIR

Ambiri a ife nthawi anawona pa magalimoto TIR lolembedwa, koma anthu ochepa mukudziwa momwe kumvetsa chidule izi, ndi kuti, mfundo, zikutanthauza. Nkhaniyi idzakhala yokhudza tanthauzo TIR magalimoto ndi kuganizira chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Ovuta m'kupita ulamuliro boma

Poyamba, mwachitsanzo, kuti ulamuliro boma ili: pamene chinthu anaziika amayenda kunja Russia, makina loyamba anayendela Rostransinspektsiya, ndiye alonda miyambo ndi alonda malire mu mochedwa kale. Pa nthawi imene galimoto ankalamulira akulowa malire a Russia, mu malo oyamba, adzakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa malire, ndiye ntchito ndi izo Rostrnasinspektsii oimira ndipo mapeto - miyambo. An chenjezo zofunika, zomwe yomweyo ayenera tcheru: uliwonse wotsatira azingochita wagawo simungathe kuyamba kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo, pamene ntchito yawo sanamalize ulamuliro yapita boma.

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti achidule lonse

Choncho, TIR galimoto - ndichiyani? Ntchito yomasulira Russian ku French, makalata atatu awa amatanthauza "Transport Mayiko Routier" (TIR - Russian ofanana shorthand kalembedwe). Mwachidule, TIR - zimasonyeza mwachidule dongosolo lonse, amene amalola kuti mosamalitsa anakhazikitsa ndondomeko kunyamula zosiyanasiyana katundu malire pakati pa mayiko amene nawonso, limodzi ndi zogwirizana mapangano lonse. Ndiko kuti, kumvetsa tanthauzo TIR, m'pofunika lozani pamaso pa Miyambo Convention ya United Nations kwa sitima za mayiko. Kulamulira dongosolo anafotokoza amagwiritsa la International Road Transport Union (IRU). Mu nthawi yathu, dongosolo panadzaphatikizidwa 67 mayiko osiyanasiyana a dziko ndi lonse la European Union.

Buku zoyendera mayiko msewu (TIR)

Bokosili TIR pa ngolo komanso njira kuti katundu mu galimoto, anawerengedwa mu TIR Carnet - wapadera chikalata kukhala kuichotsa wolemera mitundu (mapepala), omwe amachotsedwa pa ndime ya lotsatira miyambo kuyendera (aliyense ulendo woyenera ntchito pepala ina ya buku) okha. Pamodzi kulankhula, zonse izi zikutanthauza kuti ngolo ali lonse kuti miyambo chikalata amapereka ufulu mwini katundu kusuntha izo kudutsa malire pansi ndondomeko chosavuta bwino.

mitundu Carnet kugwiritsa mabungwe amene afike aliyense okhudzidwa mu mchitidwe wa TIR dziko. Ngati ife kulankhula za la Russia, ndi Association of Mayiko Road onyamula (AIAC), limene lili mu Moscow. Kodi kupeza ndipo adzapha TIR Carnet, utali ayenera ndalama, mndandanda wa zikalata chofunika kuti kalembera wa mabuku - zonsezo mu dera la chikoka AIH ndipo malamulo. mwatsatanetsatane pa nkhani imeneyi angapezeke mwachindunji pa webusaiti ya bungwe.

Features wa TIR Carnet

Poganizira funso kuti: "Kodi TIR galimoto," Muyenera bwinobwino mfundo za TIR Carnet.

chikalata ichi limaoneka lofanana waukulu mtundu kope lomwe lili:

• Mpiru yofiira chivundikirocho.
• Katundu Chimaonekera kukhazikitsidwa ku chikasu.
• Khalidwe-tsamba ndi mizu, osindikizidwa mu awiriawiri mitundu woyera ndi wobiriwira.
• protocol pepala.
• Tsamba kuphimba palokha ndipo kuichotsa wolemera ake gawo.

Aliyense buku longa akapatsidwa siriyo yake chiwerengero ongokhala manambala asanu ndi awiri makalata Latin. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti chikalata ndilo la zochepa nthawi, imene Tingaone pa sitampu affixed chikuto.

Features magalimoto pa TIR

Kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane tanthauzo ngolo TIR, ife akulozera: musanayambe ulendo pa galimoto mu buku lina chikalata TIR Carnet limene lilipobe mpaka mapeto a ulendo. Mu ndondomeko ya ophimba pa katundu ndi akuluakulu miyambo ya maiko amenewo, amene mitanda galimoto malire, mayeso imagwiridwa basi kukhulupirika kwa zisindikizo, anakhazikitsa kale. Pambuyo cheke ichi, ngati kuyan'anila chisindikizo kukhulupirika anapeza, wapolisiyo miyambo amagwiritsa pepala limodzi mwa mabuku TIR likachitapo amene akusowekapo onse amene anatsala mu counterfoil ake kake. Choncho, TIR-mayendedwe m'malo sankalimbana nafe malamulo. Kuphatikizapo mwachindunji ndi ndondomeko imene Baibulo la TIR Carnet, amene angapezeke ndi malangizo apadera, chopangidwa, kuphatikizapo ndi Russian.

ntchito

The Association of Mayiko galimoto onyamula amadziwa wopalamula kwa olandila kukwaniritsidwa kwa ukutitsimikizira ake chifukwa chitetezo cha katundu ndi mwalamulo udindo ntchito za truckers anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito TIR Carnet.

Nthawi kumene amanena kwathunthu zomveka ena onyamula, AIH kwathunthu amatenga zinthu zonse, ndipo pambuyo polimbana ndi violator malamulo ndi Amachichitira miyezo yoyenera pa maziko a malamulo alipo.

Komabe, ayenera kumvetsa kuti TIR lolembedwa pa ngolo si kunena kuti miyambo sadzakhala ndi ufulu kutsegula katundu ndipo fufuzani. Ngati pali zifukwa zenizeni kwa mkulu wa dziko lililonse miyambo, umene kuwoloka malire galimoto ili akhoza kukwaniritsa zonse ulamuliro katundu.

Information pa poyera katundu

Popeza anthu ambiri ali ndi chidwi: magalimoto TIR «- kutanthauza kuti" kuti nawonso ndi ofunika mosamala kuthana ndi chikalata ichi, monga katundu kuwonetseredwa. Lili ndi mfundo izi:

• Data pa dziko la sender ndi wolandira State.
• Miyambo katundu m'chombo, ndi ulamuliro malire kulandira izo.
• List zapita miyambo mfundo.
• Dzina la mankhwala, malinga TN VED code, okwana thupi, chiwerengero cha mipando, ndi zina zotero. N.
• Mndandanda wa mapepala kuti ayende katundu ndi kumasonyeza manambala awo.
• Kulembetsa nambala ya galimoto, ndi mayendedwe a katundu.
• Non-anaika zisindikizo, masitampu ndi miyambo ina mfundo.

Kupanga zonse zolembedwa izi ndi bwino kupatsa akatswiri zogwirizana, amene kaŵirikaŵiri pa mfundo miyambo.

litafika

Bokosili TIR magalimoto, mtengo wa zimene tinakambirana mwatsatanetsatane ichi pepala limasonyeza kuti mankhwala zidzakhala zofunikira muthandize ndi CMR. Mapale kukonzekera osachepera triplicate. Aliyense wa iwo ndi yotani ndi sender ndi chotengera. Nkhani choyambirira amakhalabe sender ndi wina ziwiri akusowekapo kuyenda ndi katundu kusamutsidwa.

Nditamaliza ya kunyamula ndondomeko ya bukuli, yomwe ndi chotengera, mbiri yabwino ndi chipani kulandira ndipo umapatsidwa kwa nthandala. The mwini latsopano zinthu za kusiya buku lomaliza kwa bukuli. Olondola deta ndiponso kukwaniritsa kudzaza wina udindo amene kusindikiza chidzaima mu chiwerengero ndime 22. makamaka cholembedwa chotero mphindi: m'zochitika zonse deta pamwamba ayenera kukhala zofanana mwamtheradi.

Malamulo a kayendedwe lonse

TIR kutanthauza mawu a dongosolo la kalembera wa galimoto onyamula chilolezo zolimbitsa thupi lawo lonse katundu kayendedwe? Taganizirani tsatanetsatane.

Pakali pano, ntchito zonsezi malamulo ndi wapadera riziki nambala 505 ya May 24, 2012. The nkhani yolembedwa chachikulu cha zinthu ziri motere:

• Alembe ndi galimoto, amene ali naye ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna za malamulo amenewa.
• Zoyendera mayiko ayenera kuonedwa anthu mlandu woyenera.
• nthandala ayenera kukhala ndi inshuwalansi.

Kupanga chilolezo zoyendera msewu amafuna kufunika mayiko:

• Kugonjera kwa ntchito zogwirizana ndi chilolezo.
• Tsimikizani umwini galimoto.
• Ndi zolembedwa natsimikiza boma kulembetsa galimoto.
• Ndi inshuwalansi.
• Kupereka zikalata zosonyeza akatswiri pansi wogwira ntchito.
• Kupezeka kwa mndandanda wa zikalata aperekedwe.

Zonse zolembedwa pamwamba wodandaulayu adzakhala kugonjera gulu m'dera Rostransnadzora pa kulembetsa wake.

Kufotokozera za SafeTIR

Malinga ndi chizolowezi yaitali, mwamtheradi iliyonse kompyuta umamumvera Mwina pulogalamu yaumbanda, mwayi wosaloleka kuchokera kunja, choncho amafunika kuteteza yoyenera. Mayiko TIR dongosolo zoyendera ndi kwathunthu kusangalala "zithumwa" zonse zokhudza ntchito ya zigawenga chi, choncho m'pofunika kuonetsetsa moyo wawo.

TIR galimoto (chimene icho chiri, tikambirana m'nkhani) - si chizindikiro, koma chizindikiro cha mkulu mlingo wa chitetezo cha mayiko zoyendera ntchito. Mu 1995, Komiti ya dongosolo Administrative anaganiza kukhazikitsa amazilamulira mwapadera pa ntchito ya TIR Carnet System. pulogalamuyi ankatchedwa SafeTIR.

Chinachake Patapita Mayiko Road Transport Union wapanga ndi wothandiza kompyuta chida otchedwa «SafeTIR mu pompopompo", amene amalola inu mwamsanga kutumiza zinthu zonse za IRU TIR kanthu udzatha. Zonse mwa nkhani atalandira kumakhaladi zilipo mwamtheradi mamembala onse a dongosolo, kotero kuti amatha mwachilungamo msanga tsimikizira lililonse TIR Carnet.

Mayendedwe ndi kulengeza

Isanafike kulengeza system (TIR-EPD) lero mothandizidwa ndi 31 States, kuphatikizapo kutchulidwa ndi Russian Federation, nthawi zambiri mungazipeze pa magalimoto TIR (kodi izi lolembedwa pa galimoto, ife tadutsa kale asanaganize). Zonena ulaliki wa mudziwe limachititsa kwambiri kufulumizitsa ndi atsogolere chilolezo wotsatira ndi ulamuliro pa mfundo miyambo imene kumathandiza kwambiri kuti mphamvu posts miyambo.

oyambirira dongosolo kulengeza Ubwino:

• Zoperekedwa izo kwaulere.
• Amatitsimikizira nokhanokha.
• Angathe kupatsira mudziwe zinafunika za magalimoto katundu yomweyo m'mayiko ambiri.
• Kuphweka ndi chitetezo cha ntchito.

Miyambo boma , dongosolo amalola kuti:

• Chitsimikizo yodalirika mudziwe pongofuna onyamula galimoto.
• Onetsetsani zoti Yesu ananena kuti mu mabuku TIR.
• Kupereka uthenga pasadakhale za magalimoto m'tsogolo.
• Chongani n'loonadi TIR Carnets.

Mayiko malonda asapita, dongosolo amalola kuti:

• Zochepetsera makhalidwe owopsa zotheka.
• Chepetsani mphambano miyambo cordons.
• Kuchepetsa ndalama magalimoto.

zenizeni Russian

Lero, ndi zambiri zotheka kukumana TIR magalimoto. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuchita? Mwatsoka, ndithu nthawi yaitali ubwenzi wa IRU ndi Russian ndi yomangika kwambiri. Nthawi zina panthawi 2002-2015 kusiyana zina zafika pamlingo wotere kotero yovuta imene anaopseza kungomanga mtheradi ngakhale mogwirizana pang'ono pakati pa zipani. Last chilimwe, pakhala pali ena zinthu zikhala bwino, koma palibe amene angamvetsetse amaneneratu zimene kudzathera. Kuyambira zonsezi tingapeze zotsatirazi mfundo:

• Miyambo ina maofesi a Russian Federation adzasamalira awo chisamaliro kwa TIR dongosolo ndi kugwira ntchito yokonza zinthu izi magalimoto pamaziko a munakonda mapangano. Koma mndandanda wa maudindo miyambo, ngakhale anavomera ndi maphwando, ngakhale potsiriza ovomerezeka pa mlingo boma mu dziko, choncho wosatsimikizika mtendere wa mogwirizana, palibe munthu angapereke.
• Ndipotu, nthawi iliyonse zikhoza kukhala mavuto yosiyana kwambiri pa boma malire a Russia, yomwe kenako magalimoto ambiri. magalimoto TIR (kutanthauza chithunzi cha galimoto ndi zina pa phunziro ali m'nkhani) nthawi yomweyo iwonso bwino kukhala ndi vuto kuti palibe lero wina anganeneretu. Kapena, pa mwake, mavuto amene alipo masiku ano, ndi zavuta kutha. Komabe, kuthekera, ndithudi, penapake m'munsi.

Choncho, palibe boma panopa ndi a boma sangathe kulosera kwathunthu kodi mgwirizano pakati pa a Russian Federation ndi IRU m'tsogolo. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani imeneyi, mukhoza kupeza tanthauzo la mawu amene analembedwa pa magalimoto TIR ndi zokonda amenewo, amapereka ophunzira onse dongosolo.