Tolstoy, "Pambuyo mpira. N'chifukwa chiyani nkhani wotchedwa" Pambuyo Mpira "?

Tolstoy Ln - chithunzi kwambiri mu mabuku Russian ndi dziko zachikhalidwe. ntchito yake m'zigawozigawo, koma pali chinthu chimodzi chofanana chimene chimagwirizanitsa pafupifupi ntchito zake zonse. Ndi muyeso wa makhalidwe udindo munthu zinthu zonse zimene amachita pa moyo wake.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Zojambula "Pambuyo Mpira" Tolstoy analemba Sichangozi. Mbale wake anam'konda mwana wamkazi wa mkulu wa Kazan ndipo anafuna ngakhale kumsemba. Koma tsiku lina anaona ngati msirikali chinachitika chilango, nawapatsa mantha Sergei Nikolaevich, ndi atate wake amene ankamukonda. Mantha unakula kwambiri moti za ukwati aliyense, sipakanakhala funso.

Ndimakumbukira mbiri imeneyi ndi Tolstoy. A zaka zochepa kenako, pamene iye anali kale anazindikira zolembalemba, iye walenga pa maziko ake a ntchito yaluso a kulamulira mu madongosolo a asilikali Russian. wolemba katatu anasintha dzina la "Mwanawe ndi bambo," "Koma inu mukuti," ndipo potsiriza anasankha njira, imene ili walowa mu mabuku.

Yesetsani kumvetsa chifukwa nkhani limatchedwa "Pambuyo mpirawo."

Kapangidwe ndi luso maluso

ntchito wamangidwa pa "nkhani kaseweroka ndi", zomwe zimachititsa nkhani odalirika kwambiri. Ivan, wa owerenga-protagonist, amayesera kuti afotokoze kuti interlocutors ake kuti ngati si onse, zinthu zambiri zimadalira choncho. Iye amakumbukira kuti tsoka ake anasintha mmodzi usiku: adaunyema ubwenzi ndi msungwana, omwe anali mu chikondi, ndipo nthawizonse anakana lingaliro la kukhala msilikali. Ichi ndi chifungulo kudziwa chifukwa chake nkhani limatchedwa "Pambuyo mpirawo."

Compositionally monologue wa Ivan mbali ziwiri zosiyana: malongosoledwe a mpira, ndipo n'chiyani chinachitika m'mawa pambuyo. Iwo amagwirizana ndi anthu wamba: achinyamata Ivan ndi wachikulire Wapolisiyo B., Varenka bambo.

Chidule nkhani "Pambuyo Mpira"

Tolstoy mwatsatanetsatane zonse zimachitika pa mpira m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa. The ngwazi ali m'chikondi, kotero zonse zikuwoneka ngati zodabwitsa kwa iye: ndipo alendo, ndi nyimbo woomba, ndipo ankakonda Barbara, ndi imvi, koma wolimba ndi wodzala mphamvu atate wake, msilikali. Kodi chikuchitika ndi kukuzungulira mutu wake, nudzaza moyo ndi chimwemwe chachikulu.

Kukwaniritsidwa mpira amakhala kuvina kuti msilikali anachita tandem ndi mwana wake wamkazi. Ivan kwambiri wokhudza nsapato munthu wokalamba: zachikale, opoykovye, lalikulu-toed. Nthaŵi yaitali, palibe amene anavala limene ngwazi wapeza kuti akukhala chifukwa cha mwana wake. Koma Tolstoy, mwina, ngati kutsindika chinthu chimodzi more: mgwirizano wa msilikali wa malamulo akale ndi maziko. Pamlingo winawake fotokozani mmene munthu akhoza kukhala (osati yofunika, ndicho kukhala!), Atate wachikondi, ndi maola angapo kutsogolera kumenyedwa zachiwawa msilikali wolakwa.

Koma ku nkhani. Ivan, kuthetsa maganizo kusangalala, sanathe kukhala kunyumba atabwerera ku mpira. Iye anapita kunja ku msewu, pamene anaona chithunzi choopsa. Kuti akulongosola chifukwa nkhani limatchedwa "Pambuyo mpirawo."

Choyamba, ngwazi anamva phokoso lachilendo, kenako anawona patsogolo chinthu chakuda. Kunapezeka m'mawa zinachitika chilango amathawathawa msilikali. Anatsogozedwa mzere, ndipo aliyense sitepe ake ziwalo kumbuyo mbali zonse zinagwa pa ndodo. A kuyang'anira ndondomeko izi, kwa lidzadabwitsa lalikulu la mnyamata, bambo a wokondedwa wake. Pa nthawi ina, msilikali kuyang'anitsa pa Ivan Vasilyevich, koma mofulumira kuyang'ana, monga ngati manyazi, chinachake.

Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani nkhani wotchedwa "Pambuyo Mpira"

Ndipo Ivan sizikanatha kuona Varenka. Tsopano mwa iwo anali akuluakulu chotchinga - ndi wamkulu ndi kuwalanga Chitata. The owerenga pofuna kumvetsa zochita zake, koma mfundo yaikulu imene wabwera chifukwa, anatsimikiza moyo wake wa m'tsogolo. "Tiyerekeze Sindingathe kusintha dziko ndi kuwononga zoyipa alipo mwa iye, koma Ine angasankhe okha kapena kupewa ine choipa" - kotero inu mukhoza kudziwa zotsatira za mawunikidwe wake. Choncho nkhani pambuyo mpira kupeza mavuto zingapo zofunika kwa anthu Russian. kumatula mphamvu za ulamuliro ziliri pa Russia ndi chiyani? N'chiyani chimachititsa munthu kupita ku chiwonongeko cha ena? ndi gawo la udindo kwa zochita za anthu achita chiyani?

kutanthauza nkhani

Olembedwa mu 1903, atatsala pang'ono nkhondo ndi Japan, mankhwala anasonyeza zolakwa za boma la dziko limene conventionalism ndi okhwima reactionary ulamuliro umene uli osati asilikali, komanso muzochitika zina za moyo, akanagonjetsa malamulo abwino. Ndiyeno zokha mu dongosolo kwa anthu ndi udindo pa zochita zawo. Komabe, munthu ali ndi ufulu wosankha akhale tsoka lake, natsimikizira kuti mfundo yaikulu ya "Pambuyo mpirawo."