Toyotomi Hideyoshi: photos, mbiri, makoti ntchito

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - wotchuka zankhondo ndiponso zandale mtsogoleri wa akale Japan, amene anali kuyenda kuchokera pakati pa anthu wamba ndi pamwamba pa dongosolo masanjidwe. kusintha wake anali maziko a zipangizo Japanese boma ndipo pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa chinakhalapo kwa zaka 300. dzina Toyotomi sikukudziŵika ndi nthano, ndi mpaka ena ndi chizindikiro cha Japan ano.

Kubadwa ndi achinyamata

Toyotomi Hideyoshi ndinabadwa February 2, 1536, kapena March 26, 1537, womwe ndi chaka chachisanu kapena chimodzi Tenbun, tsiku lenileni akadali osadziwika. adzabadwira wake anali m'mudzi wa Nakamura yaing'ono m'chigawo Owari. Iye anabadwa mu banja wamba, ndipo ngati ine ndinali mwana chilengedwe, tipite kwa iye m'munda lisanathe masiku ake. Komabe, Hideyoshi sanali munthu wamba, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kutsimikizira izo kwa aliyense, kuphatikizapo mfumu. Ngakhale mwina sanali munthu wamba, monga magwero ena amanena chiyambi asilikaliwo wake, ndipo ambiri a "wakuda" wosanjikiza - ashigaru infantrymen. chinsinsi adakali sanathetsedwe ngakhale patatha zaka zinayi pambuyo pa imfa ya Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Mwachidule yonena za iye atadzazidwa ndi mfundo zambiri ndi zochitika mu moyo wankhondo ndi ndale dziko. Koma pali kuthekera kuti, ngati bambo wake sakadafa mwansanga, Japan ndi dziko lonse sanamve dzina oterowo. Chinthu ndi mayi wake anakwatirana pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake Yaemona. Bambo yomweyo kudana mwana mkazi wake, amafunsa pa mawu ake ndipo nthawi zambiri ankandimenya. Zimenezi zinapangitsa wolamulira wam'tsogolo kuthawa kunyumba ya bambo ake. Iye anapita ku chigawo cha Suruga, kumene malamulo a Imagawa banja. T. Hideyoshi anali kulemba kuti Matsushita Naganori ndi dzina latsopano Kinoshita Tokitiro. Kuyambira akuyamba moyo wake wamkulu kuchokera kunyumba ya bambo ake ndi dziko mbadwa.

Oda Nobunaga ndi chiyambi cha kukula mu dongosolo masanjidwe

1554 zinali zodzaza ndi msonkhano ndi Oda Nobunaga Hideyoshi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye adasiya Imagawa ndi kuyamba kutumikira mbuye latsopano. Ndithudi, iye sizinayende asilikaliwo, nthawi yoyamba anali mwini wake wa nsapato Nobunaga.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi anaima pakati atumiki, anali wochenjera, kusamala, komanso zochita zake ndinazembera nyota zomangamanga. Mfundo yomaliza zathandiza kusintha maganizo wolamulira wake. Kamodzi anakomoka malo okhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri ya Oda. Kugumuka akhala kwambiri, koma amatha wamba Toyotomi anatha kukonza iwo m'masiku atatu okha. Pa Nobunaga zinandipangitsa chidwi ndipo nayenso, sanakhale ngongole kwa mtumiki wake. M'kamphindi, Oda anamuika wolamulira wa mzinda Kiyoshi, amene anali ndi udindo wa m'linga, mu Komanso, ulamuliro wa zochitika ndalama Hideyoshi anali abwino zapita. Ngati ife kuganizira kuti Toyotomi anali ochokera apamwamba, zinali zosiyana aliyense ulamuliro. Adzawapatse udindo mkulu pa anthu, iye anakwanitsa 1564, pamene anadwala ukwati ndi mwana wamkazi wa yogonjera yapafupi ya Nobunaga Asana Nagamasa.

ntchito zankhondo kuyang'aniridwa ndi Nobunaga

Oda Nobunaga ndi mbiri munthu amene wachita njira yofunika kwambiri Japan Association. Monga ulamuliro, kucheza nawo chifukwa anagonjetsa maiko oyandikana Choncho, limodzi ndi zonse nkhondo internecine. yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko imeneyi nyimbo ndi Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Wambiri chabe amalimbikitsa Kupambana kwa asilikali pa nkhondo ya mtundu wa okwera Oda. Mu 1566, nkhondoyo inali anabweretsa kwa mtundu Saito. The chopunthwitsa chinali chigawo cha Mino. Hideyoshi anakwanitsa kumanga basi kulimbitsa chithaphwi, anakhala ankamasulira kwa Kukwezeleza mphamvu Nobunaga usiku umodzi. Komabe, tisaiwale luso lake zamtendere, chifukwa mu kulimbikira awiri kubadwa Japanese iye ankakopa mbali Saito ake ankhondo otchuka. Pambuyo pake, panali kunasintha nkhondo, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri iye inatha ndi chigonjetso ode.

1568 anali wofunika kwambiri zandale wa Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Pambuyo pa adani a Kyoto, anaikidwa mmodzi wa co-olamulira a likulu.

Kuyambira akazembe upstart mu

zaka ziwiri pambuyo kutenga Kyoto Nobunaga agumanikanambo anyankhondo kuti aziyenda pa chigawo Etidzen kumene amalamulira Asakura banja. Kampeni anaberekera zomvetsa zosayembekezeka ndi kugonjetsedwa wathunthu wa asilikali Oda. Kale nthawi imene Nobunaga anaphunzira za kusintha kwa mmodzi wa ogwirizana otchuka, ndi amene mdani akanakhoza kutenga ankhondo mu vise ndi akumenyetsa. Oda wokonzedwera kwa mthunzi mwamsanga, ndipo ngati chophimbira kumanzere asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi Hideyoshi. Aliyense akumvetsa kuti ndi kuphedwa. Komabe, ngakhale tsankho onse Toyotomi anatha kubweza kuukira zonse za mdani, kubwerera ku Kyoto, mphamvu yaikulu undefeated. Zimenezi sanali chabe kuphimba magulu kuthawa wolamulirayo, iye anasintha maganizo asilikaliwo Oda. Poyamba, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti Hideyoshi ndi aboma upstart ophweka, koma tsopano anayamba kuona mkulu wamphatso.

Mu 1573 linanyeka mtundu Azai mtundu, ndi malire ake m'chigawo cha Omagh ndi loko Nagamaha wolamulira Toyotomi Hideyoshi anaikidwa. Photos kwa mayiko amenewo alibe anapulumuka, koma kuti mlimi poyamba anali mu ntchito mpanda asilikali, limasonyeza.

Mu 1576, Hideyoshi anaikidwa wothandizira ankhondo ambiri Kazuo Shibata, kusonyeza alimbane wa asilikali omenyana Kenshin. Pa zokambirana za njira nkhondo anali kukangana, chifukwa cha zomwe ngwazi athu anapita AWOL - kumanzere likulu. Zotsatira zake zinali kugonjetsedwa lathunthu la asilikali a Nobunaga. Poyamba, anaganiza adzapha Toyotomi, koma anapatsidwa luso lake chidwi, mbuye anamulola kukhalabe ndi moyo, kupirira chenjezo kumbuyo.

Chitetezo

Activities Toyotomi Hideyoshi Ming'oma theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVI. Izi ndi liwiro la kwambiri kulimbana mkati boma pakati pa nthumwi munthu wa ntchito, ndi nthawi ya nkhondo osaleka. Ndipo kotero njira yabwino kupeza chikhululukiro cha kazembe anali ft asilikali. Toyotomi osati kudikira nthawi yaitali, makamaka ngati mwayi kutero anapereka lamulo lokha. Anaikidwa mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo la Nobunaga polimbana ndi mtundu kukula kwa Mori. Mu zaka ziwiri, Hideyoshi anakwanitsa agonjetse mitundu mphamvu zitatu - Encoders, Akamatsu ndi Besso. Pa nthawi yomweyo analenga Buku mfundo, likulu umene unali Himeji Castle. Mu 1579, kunapezeka kuti akope Ukita, Mori m'manja kumbali yake.

Koma chaka chamawa sanali yowala kwambiri. Pa kumbuyo, padawuka mtundu Bass. Hideyoshi sindikanakhoza kumapitirirabe nagonjetsa pamene kumbuyo wosakhazikika, chotero iye anabwera ndi asilikali ake kupondereza kupanduka. Kuti atenge malo achitetezo a anthu opandukawo, izo zinkayenera kuthera chaka monga izo zinali zotheka kuti likuvutika ndi njala yokha. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, Toyotomi anagonjetsa Tajima dera, ali a Yamana. The zotsala za kapolo Yamana, pozindikira kupereŵera wa suzerain wake, kuchotsedwa iye ndi anaikira mu Tottori linga ndi kupita malangizo a Mori. Koma sanali kuwapulumutsa: mu mu 1581, Toyotomi azungulira m'linga, anagula ndi zinthu zonse m'derali ndipo anamutengera iye kugonja.

Mu 1582, mofanana mu yapita, olosera anangomwetulira pa ngwazi wathu Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Photo wa kunkhondo, ndithudi, kulibe, koma ngati iwo anagwidwa, akamenyedwa ndi m'maganizo a m'nthawi yake ndi mibadwo ya m'tsogolo. Nthawiyi, Toyotomi anapitiriza mndandanda wake wopambana ndi kuwukira pansi m'chigawo Beatty, anayamba Kuzinga linga la Takamatsu. Zinali bwino zida angaloŵe m'linga. Chigwa yomwe ili, ankakhala ndi mapiri, ndi mbali anali mitsinje awiri. Hideyoshi kachiwiri agwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga, akuika madamu m'njira kuti m'chigwa lonse, pamodzi ndi mvula osaleka chasanduka m'nyanja yaikulu, ndipo Nyumbayi yokha kunapezeka kuti ngati chilumba. Patapita milungu ingapo ndi mpanda wolimba angaloŵe anagwa.

Kukwezedwa andale

Mu ulamuliro wa Oda Nobunaga sitinganene kuti khola ndi wotukuka. Alionse amadwala nkhondo zonse osaleka. Pamene mphamvu zake anatha analanda zigawo 33 limene anachita nkhanza zosaneneka. Zonsezi zapangitsa kuti apandukire Nobunaga. Opandukawo, kutsogozedwa ndi Akechi Mitsuhide ndi asilikali ake 10 amphamvu, Nobunaga anakakamizidwa kuchita seppuku.

Panthawi imeneyi, Toyotomi anali otanganidwa asilikali ake Nyumbayi Takamatsu, koma kumva uthenga kochititsa mantha kwa aliyense kuti sananene mu nthawi yochepa anapanga osayanjanitsika ndi Mori ndipo anapita likulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, amene ina Nobunaga - Tokugawa Ieyasu anapita ku Kyoto. Koma Hideyoshi nampanda kwa masiku atatu ndi kuphimba mtunda wa makilomita mazana angapo. Mu May, masiku 12 mu 1582, zikwi makumi anai asilikali ankhondo anagonjetsa Toyotomi Mitsuhide pa Yamazaki. wopanduka yekha anaphedwa pa kuba yosavuta wamba chakudya cha mahatchi.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, amene Quotes anabalalikira m'zigawo katundu zakale Nobunaga, pabwino lenilenilo monga wobwezera, zikubweretsa kuchuluka ndi kukopa kwake mu malo ya ambuye otchuka ndi asilikaliwo. Popanga kutsatizana mphamvu Toyotomi sikunali kovuta tipezekemo thandizo la asilikali a. Angathe monga mpikisano mpando wachifumuwo - mwana wa Nobunaga, Nobutaka - anakakamizika kudzipha. Pambuyo Hideyoshi analandira kwambiri za chuma mtundu wa ode kukhala regent-mlangizi kwa mtundu watsopano wa Ambuye Oda Sanbosi (zaka 3). kusakhutira Public ndi anatchulidwa nthawi yaitali mdani Kazuo Shibata.

Reunification wa dziko kupyolera kukhetsa magazi

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582-1598 gg.) Kodi kupeza malo abata pambuyo kulengeza de facto m'malo mwa mphamvu Nobunaga a. Panthawi imeneyi, ndi nthawi yaitali mdani ndi mdani wa Hideyoshi Shibata anabweretsa nkhondo pa Iye. Mu nkhondo ya mdani anagonjetsedwa ndi kuumirizidwa kuti abwerere kwa ankakhala Etidzen. Ambiri mwa ogwirizana Shibata munafika pansi pa mbendera ya Toyotomi. Kulanda mphindi, Hideyoshi anathyola ku dziko mdani ndi azungulira linga Kitanoso. Shibata ndi mkazi wake analandira imfa seppuku, ndi citadel anagonja dyera. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse a m'dzikolo anali kale olamulidwa ndi Nobunaga, wadutsa mu malo a Hideyoshi.

Mu 1583 mumzinda inasandulika chilikati cha Osaka yomanga: kuno zinachitika yomanga nyumba yachifumu yaikulu. Monga tinaonera m'nthawi monga forts analibe boma iliyonse ya dziko kutukuka. Malinga ndi Japanese, kuphatikizapo Japan, China ndi Korea. Imodzi, Osaka wakhala malo aakulu a zachuma komanso mseri, koma likulu lenileni la dziko.

Kugonjera lonse Japan

The odana kwambiri wolemera mu ndondomeko ya kulumikizanitsa dzikolo Toyotomi anali kugwirizana naye wakale Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu. Mu 1584, panali nkhondo anamanga pakati pa makamu awo amene anapambana chigonjetso mwa asilikaliwo wa Tokugawa. Koma kuchita ndi mphamvu kuti tipitirize nkhondo kumbali ya Hideyoshi, Ieyasu kotero anapita kukambirana mtendere. Toyotomi anali mtendere pang'ono, iye anafunika kugonjera za mwamtheradi atsogoleri ake onse Japan. Pakuti ichi, anapereka mlongo wake Asahi anakwatira Tokugawa, ndipo mayi ake anam'tumiza monga akapolo a. Mu 1586 Tokugawa Kyoto yekha anafika ndipo anapanga lumbiro la kukhulupirika kwa Hideyoshi.

M'zaka zimenezi, Toyotomi Hideyoshi anaganiza angagwirizanitse chuma chake chilumba cha Shikoku chimene chinayamba Tesokabe Mototiki. Poyamba, Hideyoshi anamuitana kuti pachomwe vassalage. Koma, ngati mmene anali kuyembekezera, iye anakana Tesokabe ndiye Hideyoshi anatumiza 100 masauzande ankhondo, zomwe anagonja kwa mdani.

Pambuyo pa chilumba cha Kyushu, ndi Shimazu poyamba ankalamulira. Mu 1587 Toyotomi panokha anatsogolera mazana awiri masauzande asilikali. gradopravitel Local sanathe kupirira mphamvu kwambiri ndipo anapereka kwa wolakika.

Pofika kumapeto kwa 80s wa XVI atumwi ku Japan anali akadali waukulu limodzi mwinimunda - Pitani-Hojo banja. Mu 1590 anakumasulani nkhondo lotseguka pakati pa titans awiri. Toyotomi anazinga waukulu citadel Odawara. Mwamsanga pambuyo pake, analamula kuti asonkhane ku nyumba yake yonse asilikaliwo kum'mawa gawo la Japan. Pomaliza, kwa iye anali pafupifupi onse ankhondo ndi ang'onoang'ono ambuye anazindikira kudalira Hideyoshi. Patatha miyezi itatu ozungulira mzindawo angaloŵe linga, amene sanathe kutenga iliyonse Toyotomi laulemerero mtsogoleri, anagwa. Wolamulira mtundu ndi ana ake anachita seppuku.

Chifukwa cha ntchito iyi mchikakamizo cha mkulu Toyotomi Hideyoshi ndi wandale iye anagonjetsa dera lonse la Japan. Iye anakhala wolamulira wamphamvu kwambiri mu mbiri ya dziko.

kusintha mkati

Mu zochitika m'banja Toyotomi Hideyoshi anali chabe mwachangu monga mwa ntchito ya usilikali. Atamaliza zaka za nkhondo ya pachiweniweni m'dzikolo analowa nthawi wosasunthika, zinachititsa kuti kuwonjezereka kanthawi m'dera nakulitsa - iwo ananyamuka ndi 70%. Komabe, Hideyoshi anayambitsa msonkho yaikulu alimi - 2/3 la zokolola iwo anali m'manja ku cuma. Choncho, pa mndandanda wa mpunga kwa chaka anakwana matani pafupifupi mamiliyoni 3.5.

Toyotomi unachitikira lamulo achire zida zonse mu malo a anthu wamba, mu gulu ili panthawiyi ngakhale malovu ndi zikwakwa. Onse a anthu Japan akhala bwino m'magulu awiri: oyang'anira, kuti amene anali a kalasi usilikali, ndipo anthu wamba. Obscheyaponsky dziko cadastre anali atalenga, nayenso, mu ulamuliro wa Hideyoshi ndipo anapulumuka zikutsatiridwa kwa zaka zoposa 300.

Mmodzi wa mphindi kwambiri ntchito mkati mwa Hideyoshi - ndi kuthamangitsidwa amishonale Mkhristu. Iwo anali zifukwa zambiri ndi boma ndalama munthu. June 19, 1587 iye anapereka lamulo malinga ndi zomwe Akristu onse anali kusiya zilumba Japanese pasanathe masiku 20, mwinamwake iwo anayembekezera imfa. Kuphedwa woonekeratu kunachitika kuopseza: kupachikidwa zowawa 26 Akhristu, mwa iwo anali azungu.

Imperialist maganizo Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Oledzera bwino m'banja, kukhulupirira mwa anthu awo osankhidwa ndi Mulungu, Toyotomi pang'onopang'ono anayamba misala, monga ena ofufuza amanena. Iye ali yekha harem ongokhala 300 apambali nthawi lankhosa masauzande wamba yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri ya usilikali, ndiponso wopanda pake. Koma chinthu chachikulu - ndi maganizo ake imperialist. Toyotomi zinachitika mumpanda lonse kutukuka dziko. Iye anayamba ndi Korea. Nthawi yoyamba ya nkhondo, ndithudi, inali ya Japanese - iwo analanda lonse la mzinda pa Korea Peninsula nadza ku malire ndi China. Koma ndiye kunapezeka zigawenga nkhondo, kuphatikiza kumpoto anabwera asilikali Chinese, Korea amene ankaona m'gawo lake m'manja. chifukwa The - asilikaliwo anali anakankhira kum'mwera. Korea unagawidwa Chichaina, ndi Chijapani zone ntchito yake. nkhondo imeneyi mpaka imfa ya Hideyoshi mu 1598. Zitachitika izi, asilikaliwo linagonja ndipo kunyumba kwawo, kumene kachiwiri magulu nkhondoyo ili mkati, chithunzi chachikulu chimene chakhala Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Choncho anati Hideyoshi

Quotes ndi mawu, komanso wamphamvu yonse wolamulira Hideyoshi ndakatulo anadzazidwa ndi nzeru zaumunthu tanthauzo lakuya. Komabe, ankakonda olamulira onse kutukuka East a nthawi imeneyo, ndi ngwazi wathu yotero.

Toyotomi choyambiriracho awo sakanakhoza kukhala mfumu, kotero mutu kampaku anapatsidwa kwa iye. Iwo akhoza kutanthauziridwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana, koma mfundo ndi kuti anali de A facto wolamulira wa boma pa mphamvu oveteredwa la mfumuyo. Choncho, asilikaliwo anatenga lumbiro la kukhulupirika, otsetsereka si anachita mfumu ndiponso kwa kampaku Hideyoshi. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi lemba chachikulu cha lumbiro, wotengedwa mwachindunji Toyotomi: "malamulo ndi malangizo kampaku ayenera kulemekeza ndi onse, ndipo ayenera mosayang'anira kukwaniritsa."

Mmodzi wa makoti nthanthi Hideyoshi ndi nkhani za moyo: "Ine ndine osasunthika ndi okhazikika kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu, ndi pa nthawi iliyonse watsopano, ntchito zanga zonse banja kudzakhala mu dongosolo. Ine ndikuyembekeza, monga nthawizonse, ine m'tsogolo, ine ndikukhulupirira mu moyo wautali ake, ndipo palibe cholakwika ndi ine siziyenera kuchitika. Ine apitiriza kukhala nazo zokondweretsa zonse za moyo. "

makoti wake ali odzaza ndi nzeru moyo Komabe, sanapulumuke mawu ake ndi abwino kwa BOMA, imene iye anali amphamvu kwambiri. Hideyoshi wabwera kutali mlimi kampaku ndi m'tsogolo, monga momwe kwanenedwera a m'nthawi kusanduka munthu malodza kwambiri ndi achipembedzo. N'chifukwa chake ndakatulo yake yomaliza olembedwa kale mwakayakaya, uyu mapeto nthanthi:

Ine - ngati dontho kugwa mame,

ngati mame, komabe kwathunthu kutha.

Ngakhale Nyumbayi mu Osaka -

Loto chabe.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - "nyani" kapena "Bambo Monkey," ndi momwe iye amatchedwa historiography Japanese. Izo sizinali mawonekedwe ake mosayenera. Mu Japan, ndi moniker ofanana kapena mawu "Tokitiro" anasonkhanitsa anthu onse ndi nthawi, ife anapatsidwa chidwi nzeru, nzeru ndi nyonga. Toyotomi Hideyoshi zonse anasonyeza ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wake. Iye analephera chifukwa cha m'mphawi osauka kukhala wolamulira wa zonse Japan, atagonjetsa adani, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kaphatikizidwe boma pansi pa ulamuliro yekha.