Ndi Janissaries ndi ndani? Tanthauzo la "Janissaries"

The zolemba mbiri pofotokoza Ottoman kawirikawiri zikuoneka kuti "khamu asilikali" - asilikali wapadera, inati mwachindunji kwa Sultan. Kodi Janissaries, monga asilikali anapanga maganizo, mukuonera pa nkhani imeneyi.

Patrimony

Janissaries kuyambira cha m'ma 14, pamene mphamvu ya mayunitsi wa Turkey osankhika oyenda Sultan Murad ine bungwe. Tanthauzo la "Janissaries" - "asilikali" (mu Turkey). Choyamba, pawo inakhazikitsidwa ndi akaidi achinyamata Mkhristu ndi anyamata. Ngakhale okhwima ndi zina an'kanthunthumira maphunziro Turkey, asilikali tsogolo kumanzere mayina a Chikhristu. Janissaries atakula mosiyana ndi ana ena, kulimbikitsa maluso kumenyana ndi kukhulupirika an'kanthunthumira kwa Sultan. M'zaka za m'ma 16 akanakhala janissaries ndi achinyamata a anachokera ku Turkey. Pofunsira anasankha kwambiri, kuzisiya ndi agile achinyamata ochokera zaka 8 mpaka 12. Anasankha ankakhala m'chipindacho, maphunziro awo unachitikira mu mapangidwe makamaka nkhanza. Anyankhondo anagawanika m'magulu, kudya mphika wamba ndi otchedwa abwenzi a Order ya Dervishes. Iwo ankaletsedwanso kukwatiwa, banja lawo linali kampani mbadwa (wagawo vekitala), amene ankaona chizindikiro cha kukatentha kwambiri.

About amene Janissaries, wolemba mbiri odziwika anati kwa m'ma 19, TN Granovsky. Mu ntchito zake, akutchula kuti yakumeneko Turkey anali oyenda yabwino kwambiri mu dziko, koma gawo la izo linali lachilendo kwambiri, "Janissaries anapambana nkhondo zonse zazikulu pa Varna, pamene Kosovo ..." Ndi kuyamika kulimba mtima kwawo ndi mtima anatengedwera ku Constantinople. Choncho, wolamulira Turkey anagonjetsa madera atsopano ndi kulimbikitsidwa zikomo mphamvu yawo asilikali amene anali Chikristu.

Best wa Best

Janissaries anapatsidwa nambala maudindo. Kuyambira cha m'ma 16, iwo anali ndi ufulu kuyamba banja, amachita zamanja zosiyanasiyana ndi malonda nthawi osakhala asilikali. Makamaka ankhondo wolemekezeka anapatsidwa panokha ndi Sultan. Mwa mphatso anali zodzikongoletsera, zida, ndi wowolowa manja malipiro. atsogoleri Janissary mkamwa kwa zaka zambiri wotanganidwa usilikali wapamwamba ndi udindo wamba wa Turkey Ufumu. Ocak Janissary midzi ya asilikali, ili osati Istanbul komanso m'mizinda yonse yaikulu ya boma la Turkey. Pofika m'ma 16, Janissaries kusiya kulandira m'maudindo ake akunja. mutu awo tinatengera. A Janissary Alonda amakhala chatsekedwa ndale komanso Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. Izi mkati, palokha mphamvu zokwanira kuchita nkhani zandale anamangidwa, ndi kuugonjetsa ndi sultans ndipo unachita yaikulu mu ndale mkati mwa dziko.

The mawonekedwe a Janissaries

About amene Janissaries, ndipo kodi malo awo pakati pa asilikali ena Turkey, umboni ndi zipewa mkulu, chokongoletsedwa ndi mkuwa lalikulu okhala kutsogolo - ketch. Mbali ya kapu sewn matabwa timitengo, amene anapereka maziko olimba ake. Kumbuyo nsalu izi chovala chakumutu anapachika yaitali Shlyk, kufika womenya lamba. Long malaya Shlyk limaimira dervish akulu pansi madalitso amene anali Janissaries. Mtundu kapu likufanana mtundu odula (Zupan), amene ankavala wankhondo.

Outerwear janissary inkakhala odula yaitali ofunda, wotchedwa Kerey. Poyamba anapereka mtundu Kurei sanali, koma mwa oyambirira 18 atumwi Cape janissary nthawi zambiri anali ndi mtundu wofiira. Pansi Kerey anali kuvala malaya nsalu, kawirikawiri woyera, ndi yaitali manja lonse. Pa mbali Zupan anali slits yaitali kuti analola Janissaries kusuntha momasuka nkhondo. Ndipo pansi pa malaya anali nsalu ndi zingwe kuti ndi mtundu mofanana Kerey. Caftan chokongoletsedwa lamba wa pamimba kwa saber ndi lonse lamba.

mtundu anali Kurei ndi thalauza - yaitali ndipo m'lifupi. Kawirikawiri kuphimba kumtunda kwa Nsapato hafu.

mbali zambiri za Turkey zovala asilikali anatengera ndi Cossacks. Potsatira chitsanzo cha Janissaries mu zovala zawo kuoneka zhupans yowala anayamba ndi thalauza. Kufanana akuwonetseredwa mu maonekedwe. Cossacks ndi Janissaries sizinathe ndevu, koma ndevu zapamlomo wapamwamba likule. N'zovuta kunena mmene zimenezi zinachitikira ngongole, koma kuti izo zinachitika - akhoza siudzafunsidwa.

Akapitawo a Janissaries

Alonda ankavala pafupifupi mawonekedwe omwewo monga otsalawo Janissaries. M'malo chipewa ndi Shlyk anavala mkulu, pamwamba imene womangidwa nduwira, kawirikawiri loyera. Nthawi zina chipewa bala lamba, nduwira zinawonongeka wokometsedwera kutsogolo ndi zambiri ngale - mphete kapena chipini ndi mwala. M'malo chikopa alonda lamba inavala yopeta veleveti lamba kapena mpango wolemera Persian.

zida Janissaries

Poyamba, unit zamoyo zina za Janissaries anali oponya mivi kotero chida choyamba alonda Turkey anali anyezi. Mosiyana ndi zida za asilikali wamba, anyezi janissary zinali zovuta, ndi osiyanasiyana yaikulu moto. Pang'onopang'ono m'malo mauta mfuti. Pofika m'ma 15 m'zaka mu nkhokwe ya janissaries anali zigawenga, scimitar, ndi nkhwangwa. choona kuti saber janissary ndi m'mene analiri chida zedi, mukhoza adzaweruzidwa ndi osungidwa zidutswa owonetsera zakale.

Scimitar anali yaitali (70 cm) tsamba, yokhota kumapeto mu mawonekedwe a nyanga ng'ombe. Mosiyana tsamba saber scimitar sanali akunja ndi mbali mkati. Kwayekha natenga maonekedwe tibia lapansi. The chida kwambiri moti yoyenera kuvala scimitar anangokhala Janissaries. Komanso, m'zaka za m'ma 17 Iwo ankaletsedwanso kupitirira M'madoko awo ndi mpeni. Scimitar, monga zida zina, anali umafunika kapena analandidwa. Ngati pa chiyambi cha nkhondo womenya Orts sanali zida munthu, anapereka atsogoleri ake.

Janissaries Asilavo

About amene Janissaries Turkey, ndi mphamvu ya magulu ankhondo anali wotchuka. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mayunitsi amenewa anayesera kulenga limati zina. Komabe, mu zonse koma maonekedwe ndi cholinga, ndi janissaries mu gulu lankhondo la Commonwealth ndinasintha wosiyana namesakes awo Turkey.

Mu zaka za m'ma 18, lisanathe Nkhondo Northern, asilikali wakhala kusintha chifukwa cha zokambirana pakati pa otsutsa ndi magnates Mfumu Augustus II. asilikali zosakhalitsa anagwetsa mbali ya asilikali zonse lopangidwa oyenda amene anali awiri Janissary kampani (mbendera). Iwo ankasewera ndi udindo Alonda - inkakhala hetman ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito malangizo munthu ndi ifeyo chitetezo.

magulu ankhondo

Mbendera ndipo ndi magulu awo ndi nyimbo zawo. magulu awa anali kutchedwa Janissary m'matchalitchi. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa nyumba yopemphereramo uyu anali ng'oma - kawiri kuposa ena regiments oimba oyenda. yopemphereramo panafika oimba asanu ndi zambiri, mwinamwake otchedwa Surmach. M'nthawi pofotokoza Ottoman asilikali gulu monga "woipitsitsawu" ndi "zoopsa."

Mapeto a Janissaries

Janissaries Chibelarusi adzakhala udzawonongedwa atagonjetsedwa Stanislas Radziwill. Pambuyo mndandanda zofooketsa ankhondo anabwerera kudziko lina. Asilikali ake payekha unatha, komanso m'chipatala ndi Janissary detachment.

Kumvetsa chisoni tsoka ankamuyembekezera anzawo Turkey. Mu Ottoman, aliyense anadziwa amene Janissaries. Mosiyana ndi Polish-Chilituyaniya Commonwealth, asirikali awa sanali a alonda la Sultan, ndipo anakhala Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira chatsekedwa asilikali, mpaka 1826. Ndiye Turkey Sultan Mahmud II analamula kuwonongedwa kwa Janissaries. Popeza nkhondo poyera osemphana kupambana amuna odziwa anali wooneka ndi Sultan anapita mochenjera. Zoposa 30 sauzande. Man kothawira pa Hippodrome, ndi kuwombera kuchokera Cannon grapeshot. Choncho itatha nthawi ya Janissaries, ndipo atapita kwa luso lawo karate.