Tyumen dera anthu: kufotokoza, chiwerengero, utakhala ndi mitundu zikuchokera

Tyumen dera - limodzi mwa madera waukulu wa Russia. Mbiri yake, zachuma ndi makhalidwe ndi wapadera. Chifukwa cha ichi, poyamba pa zonse, anthu a m'dera Tyumen. Anthu a m'dera amasiyana makhalidwe awo zaziwerengero ndi chikhalidwe. Ife kufotokoza mbali yaikulu ya m'dera ndi anthu ake.

malo Hrs

Derali lili kumbuyo mizinda Ural mu West Siberia Plain, m'gawo lake anatambasula kumpoto chakum'mwera kudutsa m'lifupi lonse la Russia. Dera ndi dera m'chigawo chachitatu mu dziko, izo ali makilomita lalikulu 1.435.000 dera Tyumen m'mphepete mwa Arkhangelsk, Sverdlovsk, Omsk, Tomsk ndi Kurgan m'madera Komi Republic ndi Krasnoyarsk dera.

Chiwerengero cha m'dera Tyumen ndi kunyumba m'mayiko olemera ndi osiyanasiyana m'gawo lake mutha kuona zone kozizira chipululu, Titafika pamalo nkhalango Titafika pamalo, nayonso, nkhalango wosanganiza, nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe. Relief komanso osiyanasiyana: kuchokera zigwa kwa mapiri ang'onoang'ono.

m'dera wolemera kwambiri zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali nkhokwe yaikulu ya madzi m'deralo ali oposa 70,000 nyanja ndi oposa 580 zikwi makilomita mitsinje osiyana. Yaikulu ndi Irtysh ndi ob. Ambiri a dziko m'maderawa aphimbidwa ndi nkhalango, matabwa nkhokwe ya m'dera Tyumen ali malo 3 m'dziko. Mu dera lino anaikira ndi nkhokwe yaikulu ya gasi, mafuta Russia, komanso madipoziti yaikulu peat angapezeke m'zigawo za miyala yamtengo wapatali, kutsogolera chromite ndi mkuwa.

Chongani History

Anthu oyamba mu dera Tyumen anaonekera zaka 40 zikwi zapitazo, umboni ndi deta pofukula yomanga. Chiwerengero woyamba wa dera Tyumen anali woyendayendawu. okhala Kukwatiwa kuoneka mochedwa okwanira mu zaka 13-16, izo linaikidwa Tyumen Khanate, chomwe Chitata ndi Kerayit. M'zaka za m'ma 16, boma la Russia anayamba kumanga pano Tyumen ndende, ndipo kenako mu malo ake ananyamuka mzinda wa Tobolsk. M'zaka za m'ma 18 unakhala likulu la chigawo chachikulu Siberia. Nthawi zambiri pansi inagwedezeka zigawo zosiyana zipolowe, koma makonsolo athana nawo.

Pambuyo utasintha, izo munali asilikali a General Alexander Kolchak, ndi kokha mu 1919 apo potsiriza anakhazikitsa mphamvu Soviet, likulu la dera amakhala Tyumen. Popeza 1944, dera alipo malire ake pano.

Nyengo ndi chilengedwe

Derali lili kusokonekera kwa mabacteria angapo nyengo: kozizira, subarctic kumpoto ndi kotentha-chokhala ndi mofulumira - pakati ndi kumwera. Ambiri a m'gawo wa zone nyengo kwambiri, ndi wautali, yozizira ndi waufupi, m'nyengo ya chilimwe ozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha wa kumpoto pakati anali manambala malo opanda madigiri 29 m'chilimwe - kuphatikiza za 7. Kum'mwera mu January, thermometer limasonyeza avareji madigiri opanda 18 July - kuphatikiza 20. kumpoto, ngakhale chilimwe nthaka thaws kunja osapitirira 1 mita.

Dera kugwa ndithu zambiri mvula - 600 mamilimita pa chaka, mwezi wettest ndi July, pamene mathithi a 20% ya madipoziti onse. Chisanu chivundikiro kumpoto chimakhala cha miyezi 8 mpaka 10, kum'mwera - 6.

The zinthu zachilengedwe si yabwino kwambiri m'chigawochi. Industrial ndi migodi makampani sasamala kwenikweni za chilengedwe, ambiri a magalimoto ndi kungasokoneze mpweya wabwino, palinso vuto la kutaya banja ndi zinyalala mafakitale. Region Administration akuyesetsa zosiyanasiyana kuthetsa mavuto amenewa, koma malingana ngati kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi madzi, makamaka Tyumen, umakhala ndi mavuto.

Loyang'anira-Kupititsa Chigawo cha malo ndi anthu yogawa

Malinga atsopano Kupititsa Chigawo cha M'dera 1993, izo wapangidwa ndi zigawo 38 ndipo mizinda 26. Kumzinda waukulu ndi likulu la dera, kumene anthu 720.000 moyo. Midzi yaikulu ya dera komanso ali Surgut (anthu 350 zikwi), Nizhnevartovsk (270 zikwi anthu), Nefteyugansk (anthu 125 zikwi), Novy Urengoy (anthu 111 zikwi) ndi November (anthu 110 zikwi).

Pafupifupi 77% ya anthu akukhala m'mizinda, pali ndondomeko ya kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha nzika chifukwa cha outflow wa anthu a m'midzi. kachulukidwe wa Tyumen dera anthu ali 2.4 pa kilometre lalikulu, ndi mwa zigawo 75 Russian. pafupifupi bwinja gawo kumpoto derali.

mphamvu anthu

Mwadongosolo ananena chiwerengero cha anthu mu dera kuyambira mu 1959, pamene panali anthu milioni. Mu Soviet Union, anthu ambiri a Tyumen dera wakula bwinobwino. kuwonjezeka zinachitika mu nthawi kuchokera 1979 mpaka 1987, pamene anakhala pano anthu oposa 3 miliyoni.

Pambuyo kuti pali kuchepa lakuthwa mu kuchuluka kwa anthu. Koma khola chitukuko cha dera ndi makampani migodi kwachititsa kuti ngakhale mu zaka za perestroika, pamene mu dziko panali azimuth zoipa chiwerengero cha anthu, apa izo zinali zosiyana. Masiku ano anthu mamiliyoni 3.6 moyo m'chigawochi.

makhalidwe a anthu

M'madera ambiri a Russia m'dera chimasiyanitsa akuphatikizapo dziko. Tyumen dera anthu ndi 83% tichipeza Russian, Chitata amapanga 8% ndipo ali kunyumba ang'ono magulu angapo mitundu zamakolo: ndi Nenets, Mansi, Khanty, chum, Evenk. Komabe, 95% ya anthu kuganizira Chirasha ndi chinenero chachikulu kulankhulana.

Koma m'dera la mbali jenda si wosiyana kwambiri ndi madera ena a dziko. Male anthu dera ndi gulu laling'ono la kuposa wamkazi. Pakuti munthu aliyense mkazi kugwa 1.1.

chiwerengero m'dera

Region isiyana ndi madera ena ambiri Russian achinyamata anthu ake. Avereji pano ali ndi zaka 37. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti m'munda wa ziwawa wobereketsa - kubadwa 17.2 pa anthu onse zikwi. The amafa m'chigawo yafupika pang'onopang'ono ndipo anthu zachilengedwe kukula kugunda ndi anthu 8,9 pa anthu chikwi.

Koma moyo amayembekezeka dera penapake poyerekeza pafupifupi dziko, ndi zaka 71, koma ali ndi vuto kuonjezera. dera ananenanso mtengo ndithu mkulu wa kukula kusamuka. Chaka chilichonse pali 4 zikwi alendo. Cacikulu wodalira chiŵerengero m'chigawo n'chozama kupitirira pafupifupi dziko, ndipo ali ndi chizolowezi ndichepe zina. Today chithunzi ndi 662.

m'dera chuma

Dera chionekera kwa ena ambiri nkhani Russian khola ndipo zingamuthandize chuma. M'madera chachikulu cha ntchito nzika, monga Employment Center wa Tyumen dera anthu, ndi migodi komanso mafakitale mafuta. Amalima kwambiri mafuta Russian ndi gasi. Nthambi yofunika kupanga ndi mtengo-processing dera. Mu ntchito za anayi makampani akuluakulu mafakitale: batire zomera, injini mbewu, "Neftemash" ndi doko la zombo zapanyanja. Dera ali bwino anayamba zoyendera dera, malonda ndi utumiki.

ntchito

Kuimba kwambiri kutukula amalola kumunda kukhala ndi tsogolo labwino, koma ngakhale izi, pali vuto la ulova. Lero, ntchito Tyumen anthu dera ndi nkhawa utsogoleli m'deralo. Ngakhale kuti mlingo ulova zaposachedwapa anakana pang'ono, icho chiri kuposa ziwerengero zonse Russian ndi 5.1.

Vuto lalikulu ndi kupeza ntchito anakumana ndi anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba, makamaka amayi, ngati wantchito waukulu imakhudzana ndi ntchito zamanja.