Ufulu kukoma ndakatulo - izi ... Kodi ufulu kukoma andakatulo?

Ufulu kukoma ndakatulo - ndi lyrics, odzipatulira kwa mavuto chifuniro cha ufulu mu mawonekedwe zosiyanasiyana polengeza maganizo a anthu ndi chikhumbo cha ufulu. Mu mabuku Russian, mwina kwambiri molemera akuimira mu ntchito ya chachikulu Russian wolemba ndakatulo wa zaka za m'ma 19 Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Ufulu kukoma mawu a Pushkin chinapangidwa pa kuwuka kwa chikumbumtima wachibadwidwe wa anthu a m'dziko lathu patatha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (1812), komanso pamaso kugalukira wa Decembrists (zinachitika December 14, 1825). Moyo otsimikiza pathos andakatulo, wolemba anali Chifukwa cha zimenezi. Mwa kuchuluka kwa zolinga zosiyana ndakatulo ya Alexander ndi imodzi mwa malo ofunika kwambiri ndiwo mutu wa ufulu, cholinga "ufulu woyera".

Mawu akuti "ufulu"

Kuti tiyankhe funso kodi ufulu kukoma ndakatulo, muyenera choyamba chimatanthauza chiyani mawu akuti "ufulu". M'badwo wa 10 - 20s kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - mzimu uwu palokha kugwirizana ochezeka ndipo mpumulo otchedwa "kupondereza mphamvu chakupha", ndi kusangalala ndi thambo zazikulu za chikhalidwe cha Russia, ndi kumverera kwa ufulu wake ndakatulo, ufulu kulenga.

Pa moyo wake, Pushkin anaona zamoyo wa njira kulenga ya wolemba, malowedwe athu kwa analalikira za chowonadi, choncho chifanizo cha m'nyimbo wake.

The m'nyimbo ngwazi ya Pushkin

Pa Alexander Sergeyevich izo - ufulu wachikondi ndi wolemera mwauzimu umunthu, wokonzeka kupereka nsembe chifukwa cha chifukwa wamba ufulu okhulupirika kwa iye, pali kutsutsana pakati pa chowonadi ndi chikondi maloto, zionetsero ndi mtundu uliwonse wa despotism, kukhulupirira chipambane mosalephera chilungamo, komanso philosophically kumvetsa vuto la ufulu . Zonse - maonekedwe a m'nyimbo, afotokoze zinthu mwa mawu ndi kukwezedwa mavuto ena. Ndicho chimene ufulu kukoma ndakatulo.

"Liberty" komanso "Chaadaev"

Choncho, mu ode "Liberty", unakhazikitsidwa mu 1817, ndi kulimbana ndi nkhanza, imene imachitika mu dzina la kupambana kwa ufulu. "Nyamuka, wagwa akapolo!" - akuyitana wolemba.

Itanani nkhondo ufulu amveka ku ndakatulo wina, wolembedwa mu 1818 ndipo wopita kwa "bwenzi" wolemba ndakatulo inanyamuka potsutsa despotism Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev. polemba chinenero ndi - uthenga umene bwino anamva kamvekedwe ndale. Mlembi kuyitana kuwonongera Lathu "Soul gusts kwambiri."

anthu onse mwapang'onopang'ono, m'nthawi ya Alexander, dikirani miniti ufulu woyera monga munthu wokonda achinyamata - ". mphindi wokhulupirika bai" Mu uthenga uwu, inu mukhoza kupeza zithunzi ziwiri: ". Mphamvu ya thanthwe" pa Mama ndi Chifukwa cha iwo, patsogolo pa diso maganizo a owerenga chithunzi ukuonekera mavuto a m'banja Mama. Ndakatulo akutchula mawu akuti "nyenyezi", kutanthauza mawu andale a zaka za zisinthe, chizindikiro cha chigonjetso cha kumasulidwa mlanduwo.

"The Village"

Pa ulendo ku mudzi wa Mikhailovskoye mu 1819 wolemba ndakatulo analemba onse chilengedwe chake, "The Village", umene ukuperekedwa serfdom - choipa china chachikulu mu Russia. The ngwazi m'nyimbo ntchito kulikonse kuonera "umbuli wakupha manyazi." Anamanga "mudzi" pa mfundo za otsutsana: pofotokoza yabata ya chokongola mu mzimu wa sentimentalism mu gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri - kwambiri kusintha chikhalidwe cha ndakatulo ndi mungoli. Izi gawo - invective, ndipo lili ndi zithunzi zowombetsa mkota wa serfs ndi landlords 'Taphunzira ukapolo "ndi" chilombo-otchuka ".

Ndakatulo ina zaka 1820-1824

Mu gawo lotsatira, zinalembedwa 1820, "chimatha nthanda" mawu anamva m'nyimbo maganizo kukhumudwa. wolemba amatanthauza m'chombomo pamodzi ndi kuitana aunyamule "kwa malire malekezero" pa "akufunira nyanja chinyengo."

Other ufulu kukoma ndakatulo ya Pushkin - "The Mkaidi" (1822), komanso elegy "Kuti Nyanja" (1824), mmene muli ufulu wa motif kugwirizana ndi nkhani ya ukapolo. Mu ntchito inawo nyanja akuimira ufulu mtheradi wa munthu - monga ndakatulo ndi mkati.

Inasintha ntchito

Kuyambira 1825 mu ntchito ndakatulo ya wolemba taonera wovulala kugwirizana ndi zikamera mwapang'onopang'ono Kuzindikira pa ntchito yake, ndi kuti zamoyo wa mitu ufulu kukoma mu ndakatulo ya A. S. Pushkina. Zikuoneka yovomerezeka ndi kusinthika mu ndakatulo wa zaka chifaniziro cha ngwazi m'nyimbo. Iye tsopano kudutsa kugonjetsedwa zovuta za Decembrists anzawo, kusunga akutsatira mkulu. Ufulu kukoma ndakatulo - uwu si chikondi kulemekeza ufulu kulenga munthu. Alexander kale adagawana ndi Musanyengedwe wa zaka wake wamng'ono, iye anapanga nkhanza kuti chitukuko, koma lidayenera chilango, anagawa anthu kukhala akapolo omvera ndi ambuye. Tsopano m'nyimbo ngwazi kukhulupirira kuti ufulu wa anthu sizingatheke popanda kumva mumtima ufulu wa munthu.

"Anchar"

Monga kunalembedwa 1828 ndakatulo "Anchar" Pushkin poyera maonekedwe a nkhanza, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti limanenanso kuti "ufulu kukoma ndakatulo." Ntchito imeneyi makamaka zomvetsa chisoni. Oro ukuyima wokha m'chilengedwe chonse, monga maola m'khutu, zikutanthauza ndi kungokhala pamodzimodzi chipululu. Ngakhale chikhalidwe akana izo, salandira ichi "poizoni mtengo", "mtengo wa imfa." Koma apa Ancharov anatumiza "munthu," ndipo iye anabwerera ndi njoka. Kapolo sakhala zionetsero potsutsana ndi chifuniro cha mbuye wake, Wachulukitsa zoipa, ntchito chakupha mtengo kuyamwa kwa Mivi yawo ndi kuwatuma kwa malire oyandikana.

Ndakatulo zaka 1829-1835

zolinga nthanthi ya nyimbo imakhudzana ndi mutu wa ufulu, ganizirani ndakatulo amenewa ufulu mwachikondi Pushkin "Ine kuyendayenda ..." (1829), "Elegy" (1830), "Apanso ndinkamuchezera" (1835).

Mu ndakatulo choyamba, Pushkin amaona "kwaokha thundu", amene amayembekezeka kukhala msinkhu wake, iye kale za "m'badwo wa Fathers."

"Chipilala"

chifukwa choyambirira cha ntchito yolenga ya ndakatulo iyi umaperekedwa mu zolembedwa mu 1836, ndakatulo "Ine anamangapo chipilala ...". Ndipo pano izo ziri pang'ono phokoso osiyana ufulu kukoma ndakatulo. Ntchito imeneyi - lomasuliridwa mmodzi wa odes wa Horace. Alexander anati ntchito kwa ana a anthu ndi kuti apasa zolinga za ufulu ndi mayioko kuti "chifundo wagwa."

Polemba chinenero mbali ya ufulu kukoma ndakatulo

Tikumbukenso mtundu wanyimbo zosiyanasiyana lyric ndakatulo wotchedwa ufulu kukoma: izo ndi elegy, ndi ode, ndi sonnet, ndipo mauthenga, ndi ndakatulo m'nyimbo. Mu ntchito iyi, Pushkin anakwanitsa kuphatikiza zinthu za bukhu ndi mawu chitachitika pa maziko a chinenero wamoyo dziko. Mu ndakatulo ya Alexander amati ndi kalembedwe kusodza oratory, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi m'gulu lemba la apilo, komanso kasewenzetsedwe ka mau mu maganizo kuyesetsa. Anagwiritsa ntchito njira luso kukhala zizindikiro za (nyanja, nyanja, nyenyezi - zizindikiro za ufulu), poyerekezera, anaphora, ndi ena.

Mu mawu a zolinga za mlembi zosiyanasiyana komanso ufulu ophatikizidwa mu mawonekedwe choyambirira luso la ndakatulo wake. Chifukwa cha ichi ntchito zake anapulumuka atumwi ndi moyo imeneyi dzina la Mlengi wake. Ufulu kukoma ndakatulo - kuti ndi Mwachidule, kuitana ufulu, ndimalota za izo.

Mtengo wa ufulu kukoma ndakatulo Pushkina

Moyo ndi ntchito ya Alexander Sergeyevich sanali pochitika popanda kusiya sanachite. Ufulu kukoma mawu a Pushkin ankaimba kwambiri pa moyo umoyo ndale za nthawi. ntchito yake zinakhudza kwambiri chitukuko zina andakatulo wachibadwidwe wa Pushkin malonda anapitiriza Mihail Yurevich Lermontov, Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov, ndi ena.

Ndicho chimene ufulu kukoma mawu a Pushkin. Nkhaniyi silingawafike ndakatulo zonse zokhudzana ndi gawo ili, kotero kuphunzira cholowa kulenga ya Alexander mukhoza kupitiriza kudalira zina.