Bunin, "The Village": Mwachidule, kusanthula ndi ndemanga

Kwa wowerenga woganiza, kuti mumvetse n'kumamva chikhalidwe lalikulu la Russian m'mudzi miyambo, kumene, akhoza analimbikitsa kuwerenga kwa nkhani ino. Wamphamvu woona ndiponso tanthauzo la ntchito ya Ivan Bunin analemba. "Mu mudzi" - buku cilamulo kuyembekezera ndi chabe owerenga, ndi maganizo abwino wa Dziko Lathu. Ntchito imeneyi inali kwa anzake ndipo zapamwamba vumbulutso ndi chenjezo.

Nkhani "The Village" - Shock Therapy

Malinga ndi kuya kwa ulaliki wake novella izi mofananira kuti buku la. Iye poyamba anasonyeza kulephera kwa maganizo boma wamba, naperekanso bwino ndi misa mowonekera yotakata owerenga choonadi zimene zoyipa ndi kusakhulupirirka amakhala ambiri Russia.

moyo zilombo ndi Mzimuyo chikumbumtima watsoka m'mudzimo. Rural lumpen Koshel simungathe ngakhale kulankhula za maganizo awo olakwika a Caucasus Mountains. Zonse amalowerera mumble - ndi "phiri pa phiri." M'mudzi njira sayansi ana chatsekedwa. maphunziro awo ku sukulu ya pulayimale ndi kale anali msilikali, osaphunzira ndi inarticulate. Iye, osati kuphunzitsa ana kubowola.

Moyo wa anthu wamba ndi n'kosathandiza, zopanda chilungamo. Top zikusonyeza idiocy munthu wina wotchedwa Gray. Iye kumanga nyumba, koma M'sitolo madzulo cha kuzizira nkhuni. M'nyengo yozizira, nyumba otaplivaya yoyaka Gray denga kenako amagulitsa palokha ndipo nyumba. Komanso, ambiri a dziko lapansi, kuti wamaliza kukhala Munthu wosaukitsitsa m'mudzi. Kodi nkhaniyi zimaonetsa zophiphiritsa alipo njira kumidzi kudutsa Russia?

Perot mbuye molimba mtima kwambiri ndi momveka bwino zikusonyeza panorama chachikale chinkawavuta, "phanga", ndi osauka County moyo.

Komvetsa chisoni kupenta anthu vegetating kutsogolo kwa owerenga ukusonyeza Bunin. "Mu mudzi" zounikira akamanena za kuchepa ichi, chimene chimakhala cha serfdom, pakubwezeretsa pansi ku mibadwomibadwo. Anthu azivutika whirlpool wa impoverishment wauzimu. Chifukwa cha zabodza ozungulira, nsanje, kuuma, udani, kuba ngakhale yowala kwambiri akuluza umoyo wawo, maloto, kuzichita. Kumanga losangalala ndi mphamvu zimenezi.

Musati anawonjezapo, si idealize moyo wa anthu osauka, iye alibe atchule mu izo yokumba ndi chosakhala mogwirizana Bunin. "Mu mudzi" - ntchito moona mtima. Buku lino ndi panolamiki. Mlembi zina ndi owawa lyrics, koma nthawi zambiri ndi choonadi ankhanza amatilekanitsa nkhani ya miyoyo ya abale awiri Krasovo: Tikhon Inde Kuzma, akukhala m'mudzi ndi mutu khalidwe - Durnovka.

Chotsatira cha mgwirizano Russia

Ntchito imeneyi zotsatirazi kufalitsidwa mu November 1910 chinadzetsa polemics sikunachitekepo lakuthwa mu dziko Russian. Ngakhale mlandu wa udani wa Russia anali Bunin. Nkhani ya "The Village" - mankhwala a grotesque, awonetse kwenikweni osaopa Russian moyo. Koma zoona Ndalemba Bunin! abodza wokhulupirika, otchedwa populists alephera kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake chizunzo aukali ndi Ivan. Pakuti wopambana tsogolo la limakhulupirira Gorky anawachonderera.

Monga woyambitsa wa nkhani kwambiri anamva mokoma moyo wa anthu! "Chachirendo, ife anthu! Motley moyo! Galu ameneyo ndi munthu wangwiro, ndiye ... Sam pa ine ndikulira."

Chidule cha nkhaniyi. abale awiri

Mu zaka zoyambilira waukulu otchulidwa nkhani abale Kuzma ndi Tikhon, pamodzi kuchita malonda. Koma posakhalitsa. Kwambiri osiyana iwo anali. Pakati pawo panali mkangano, ndipo aliyense anapita wake moyo njira.

abale onse ndi anthu ochenjera. Iwo Amachita molingana ndi nkhani chiwembu si zisudzo, zowonjezera kwenikweni ozungulira, komanso kuwapatsa kuzamitsa chiyamikiro.

Tikhon - munthu zachuma. Iye ali ndi chifuniro amphamvu ndipo amatha kuchita dongosolo lake: kuchotsa alendo, pali zoti shopu ndipo anatsegula nyumba za alendo. Mwaluso kutsogolera zasungidwa munda. Chifukwa ndalama Tikhon anatumikira likulu koyamba kuti tikhale ndi udindo wapamwamba chikhalidwe. Iye akuyamba kugula minda ndi mkate pamwamba pa landlords amene alibe lili ndi akatswiri malonda. Chifukwa cha wololera komanso cholinga kasamalidwe ake Tikhon akugula Manor kumidzi mu Durnovka komwe ngakhale agogo ake anali serf.

Kuzma - talente chisoni ndi umphawi ndi mphwayi

muzikangana awiri abale otchulidwa buku lake Bunin ( "Mu mudzi"). Chidule cha mankhwala ndi kulemekeza yofunika Pofunafuna Kuzma tingasonyezere chifukwa cha mawu amodzi - zovuta.

Kuyambira ali mwana anali atanganidwa ndi mtima wofuna kuphunzira. mnansi A, chifundo, anamuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Bwino akale accordion-anam'phunzitsa chikondi mabuku. Kuzma ankafuna kukhala wolemba, kenako anayesetsa kulemba vesi, kuti moona mtima kuuza anthu za ugliness yapafupi ya moyo ... mwachifundo limatiuza za chikhalidwe mu ntchito yake Bunin ( "Mu mudzi"). Analysis wa Pofunafuna wauzimu wa anarchist izi zilizonse, kuyambira ndakatulo "nadsonovskogo" mtundu mu Russian zimabwera ndi wauzimu kudzikonda popemphera, sangathe kukhala opanda chidwi. Kuzma ndi munthu womvetsa chisoni, iye akuyesera kuti akhale auzimu anthu soulless. Iye poyamba dooms n'kukhala nkhosa kukaphedwa, talente ndi "mapiko wothyoledwa," kuzunzidwa "tsoka ndi zosowa."

Ndi losavuta zolembalemba ntchito

Tilembere kwa iwo nkhani kunapezeka kuti sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale. Ndiye Kuzma anazisindikizitsa magulu ndakatulo wake.

Komabe, iye anazindikira kuti kufuna kwake tiri ofoka mwa mawu a mlingo wa kulemba. Komanso, wolemba ndi woluza amakakamizidwa kucheza mphamvu maganizo kupeza chakudya, kuposa mabuku. chofuna zilandiridwenso sanapezeke chilimbikitso komanso chithandizo. Kuzma wasambitsa pansi anazindikira kuti invincibility analibe nazo anthu. Ndekha, munthu kopanda anataya chikhulupiriro kuzindikiridwa malingaliro awiri: ena obisika kapena kudzipha.

Inali pa nthawi iyi yovuta kwa iye m'bale chiyanjanitso anafunsa Tikhon, kupereka kukhala kalaliki mu malo zinazake. Kupemphera kwa zaka theka ya atumwi, mchimwene anaganiza kuti mulimbane ndi Kuzma. Iye adamulekerera ndi khalidwe lina, ndiponso zolinga zina.

Kuzma anauziridwa. Potsiriza iye anali nawo mwayi wolandira ndalama weniweni. Ndi tsiku anatsogolera mabuku mlandu ndi kulondera katundu usiku. Koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti ntchito yake sikumachititsa kuti phindu.

Nthawiyi, chuma anafika-zimenezo osauka m'mudzi Manor Durnovka.

Mavuto ndi minda

Mudzi mutu ntchito za Bunin zotsimikizika ndi philosophically woona: simungathe kumanga chimwemwe pa matsoka a ena.

Rural mmudzi pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma wataya yodalirika ake, bata, kale akhomere lonse Russian statehood. Pa kukuchititsa zimenezi oopsa, iye analemba buku lake Bunin ( "Mu mudzi"). Reviews woganiza owerenga amanena kuti chifukwa cha chuma ndi maganizo stratification a m'mudzimo anali apocalyptic, kudana ndi aliyense ndi chilichonse pa lumpen Deniska mtundu.

The okongoletsedwa kwambiri Nouveau riche Tikhon Krasov anali mankhwala a azingokhala ndi kuwola. Ndipotu zoona, anamanga chuma chake m'nyengo ya impoverishment ambiri, kugula dziko ndi kupeza chuma m'njira yomweyo. Kulemera kwake nthaŵi yochepa. Iye akuona kuti akuvutika: ngakhale kupeza manja awo pa chuma, iye analephera kuletsa izi oopsa, apocalyptic makhalidwe otayirira mu Russia, tingadzifunse mosatonthozeka, ndipo ndi osawuka osaukitsitsa Durnovka kuti kugwa kwa zida lonse boma.

Tikhon ndipo analephera kukhazikitsa pa malo ake ulimi zachilendo, ngakhale ambiri kuyesayesa kwa bungwe ilo. Mu zolephera zake iye anatsutsika wolakwa intransigence ndi mkwiyo anthu wamba. N'zoonekeratu kuti ali kugulitsa munda pa mtengo akumane.

Sin Timoteo Krasova

Weniweni, masiku ano njira chikhalidwe akulongosola nkhani yake Bunin ( "Mu mudzi"). Chidule cha ntchito imeneyi ndi kuonetsetsa kuti Tikhon zachuma zimamupweteka kwambiri wosasangalala zifukwa munthu.
Anali kulakalaka ndi banja lalikulu, koma mkazi wake ndi pakati mtsikana, ndipo iwo anabadwa akufa. Kwenikweni, mwini latsopano Manor, pamaso zaka makumi asanu, anadwala kusungulumwa. Iye mpaka anayamba kumwa. "Popanda ana munthu - osati munthu, chotero obsevok ena .."

Ndiye Tikhon ali yekha akonda wamba wamng'ono, Avdotya kuphika, kugwira ntchito mu malo. Iye anachimwa naye kwa cholinga chokhacho - akufuna kupeza mwana. Komabe, izi sizinachitike. Pa ubale Avdotya Tikhon Posakhalitsa ndinadziwa wamba Durnovka, ndipo anakhala ngati wakunja. Ndipo ine ndinapita zowawa zake: mu mpango mwambo mkati.

Izi si yomwe akutchulidwa omwe mwankhanza m'dera la kumidzi la akutchula nkhani yake Bunin ( "Mu mudzi"). Analysis opangidwa tingachipeze powerenga, cangu anakweza mapangidwe, alimi maphunziro. wolemba akuitana bwino Russian maganizo muyambe wauzimu wa chikondi pakati pa anthu wamba.

Timothy kuzindikira kulakwa kwake

Wankhanza ndi odzikonda Munthu wachuma kukalowa m'mudzi ndi wokongola pa nkhani ya mtsikana Avdotya, kuswa moyo wake chifukwa cha kukhala ndi ana. Iye sanachite izo. Mwina n'chifukwa chake, pamene m'bale wake Kuzma, ntchito kalaliki ndi mwakayakaya, kuchokera Avdotya iye sanalandire thandizo lililonse kapena chisoni. M'malo mwake, mayi uja anasiya chuma, n'kumusiya yekha kudzisamalira okha opanda mphamvu.

Kenako Tikhon, kumverera mlandu wake pamaso pa mkazi mukuganiza pambuyo onse kukonza moyo wake, kuti akwatiwe kutali. Komabe, kufunitsitsa kwake kuti apangitse mapeto abwino kamodzi tsoka Avdotya. Munthu yekha kunyengedwa ndi ndalama Tikhon ndipo anavomera kukwatira, Denis anasonyeza kuti akhale wotembereredwa. Iye amatha kwambiri mphambu mpaka imfa ya mkazi wake. Iye ndi mantha wotentheka lapansi.

The funso waukulu nkhani

ntchito imeneyi, ngakhale m'gawo lake akuoneka (zichitikila m'mudzi Durnovka), akupanga n'zosadabwitsa kuti asawononge dziko lonse. Kwambiri kudziwa mavuto pasadakhale, ndi ankhanza kuona mtima analemba Bunin.

M'mudzi (amakambirana luntha anali chimodzi) USSIAN mphamvu yabwino ya anthu pofuna kupewa ndi mavuto chikhalidwe ayenera yomweyo anayamba kusintha. mfundo ndi yakuti pamaso pa "Mudzi" Bunin palibe amene anaphunzira mavuto a anthu wamba mu Russia. Mwina choncho, wolemba ndipo anasankhidwa ndi membala aulemu ya Russian Academy of Sciences.

The review ambiri anzeru a buku anapereka limakhulupirira Gorky. Iye anazindikira kuti akulemba Bunin sanalembe za wamba kapena m'mudzi, ali mphamvu ya luntha lake, iye anafunsa madzulo wa ngoziyo yayandikirayo. okhudzidwa: "Kunena kapena kukhala Russian?".

Nkhani expressiveness zikuchokera njira

N'zosadabwitsa umphumphu wa ntchito ya Bunin "The Village." kapangidwe kake zizindikiro kuchuluka magawo pulagi-ndi zilembo zosiyana sekondale, grotesque amakhala ulemu kuchepa ambiri ndi maonekedwe mu kutsindika dziko zowononga chikhalidwe. Mitunda ndi woyambitsa wa nkhani, kupereka chokwanira, kukwanira zinthu zokhudza nkhaniyi, "zakutchire yofiira mpingo" "osaya dziwe dongo," "ndowe damu", "madzi wandiweyani chikasu." Ndipo nthawizina mu zithunzi malo Bunin ngakhale akulowa zachinsinsi amafotokozera, monga Mesiya m'chaka cha Mvula "anatsegula mdima wakuda" anakhetsa "imfa buluu kuwala".

Apocalyptic motif ambiri nthano yonse "The Village." Bunin maximizes mu zochitika komaliza. Ankalumidwa ukwati liwiro sled, kukoka mkazi wake - munthu wotayika m'mudzi da wotentheka mkwatibwi - pakati pa Mkuntho zoopsa. Anaitanidwa ku ukwatiwo, kufalitsa kukuwa misala, ankalumidwa pamene kuvina.

Creative njira ya wolemba

Kuyembekezeredwa funso kuti: "N'chifukwa chiyani powerenga mwapang'ono nkhani ya kufotokoza". Inde, chifukwa nzeru, tanthauzo la moyo oyambirira XX m'ma Russia si anatola ndi mofananira kuti epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"?

chinthu chonsecho - mu njira kulenga, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito Bunin. "Mu mudzi" akuyankha funso lathu bwino ndi mwachidule. Yankho uli mu nkhani yokha. Mmodzi wa ngwazi ake ndi nkhani pamodzi zochuluka za Russian lalikulu: "Inde, ndi onse - m'mudzi ...!".

Buku ili pafupi Russia

Ndi za lonse la Russia analemba Bunin! Nkhani ya "The Village" - nkhani zokhudza dziko lonse, abale Krasova - ndi amuna bwino - antchito, mchere ake a dziko lapansi, angathe kuthekera, lili ndi akatswiri ake malonda, talente zachilengedwe kusintha moyo padziko. Iwo akhoza kumachita izo. Koma osati mu dziko lomwe aliyense - kokha ndipo aliyense - ndi zonse! Kaswili chiwonongeko, deactivation wa kulenga zabwino angathe kukhala "phanga moyo" awo oyambirira zimasonyeza Bunin. Zolingazo Krasova abale pang'onopang'ono zokha, iwo ayamba kutsatira wololera ndi chikumbumtima chake ...

Pomaliza

Ivana Alekseevicha Bunina angatchedwe munthu kolenonepreklonnym. Iye, monga mokomera tingachipeze powerenga, moyo anamva mavuto anthu, chiopsezo ndi mavuto iwo. Pozindikira zizoloŵezi apocalyptic anthu Russian, ambakhala ninga munthu bwinobwino, kaya udindo ndi maganizo mokweza anachenjeza muno.

Choncho mwadongosolo kwa iye, palibe amene analemba za kuwonongedwa kwa mmodzi wa maziko waukulu statehood pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. Wamba dziko kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma anali kwenikweni osauka, akagwidwa wake, amene anataya mfundo ya mosalekeza.

Russian m'mudzi chithunzi Bunin Zikuoneka kuti ife kwambiri ndi momveka bwino. Pa chitsanzo cha mudzi Durnovka Krasova abale ndi mlembi anali mumalimba mavuto ambiri a zomangamanga lonse m'mudzi: chikhalidwe, wauzimu, makhalidwe abwino. Classic anali presentiment anaopseza kubwera kwa kugwa kwa boma la Russia.