Ufulu kuvotera akazi: ndi zenizeni kapena kupambana nkhondo yaitali

Kupita kafukufuku pa tsiku chisankho, akazi ambiri masiku ano n'komwe yaitali bwanji ndi zovuta anali njira, wachita mamiliyoni akapolo anzawo akale. Ndipotu, nthawi zina nsembe zonse kupatsidwa mwayi umenewu - yoyenera kuvota. akazi Pachikhalidwe izo osauka, ndipo ayi n'zodziŵika. Monga ufulu wina, pomwe wabwera njira yaitali yokhala, mpaka anamuzindikira ndipo enshrined mu ndondomeko ya M'mayiko ambiri olemera. Ndi ndondomeko zimenezi zafika pachimake ndi posachedwapa: wowopsa lingaliro, koma mu zaka 40 za zaka mazana makumi awiri Frenchwoman sanathe kutsegula akaunti banki popanda chilolezo cha mwamuna wake, ndipo mu 1946 iye anavomereza kuti siteshoni loponya.

Mu nthawi ya malemu Roma ndipo unachitikira akazi kulandira katundu, ndipo zimenezi zimatanthauza lamulo la Aroma. Komabe, tanthauzo la Chikhristu Chikatolika anapanga "mwana wamkazi wa Hava" lochimwa pachiyambi. Iwo anayamba kufalitsa kuganiza kuti khalidwe la mkazi maganizo, zosafunikira, mopusa ndipo monga sangalamulire palokha, ndipo ayenera kukhala woyang'anira - woyamba bambo iye ndiye mwamuna wake. Chifukwa cha zizindikiro malamulo a mayiko West European mbisoweka pomwe mkazi wawo ndi kutaya katundu kwathunthu. Zimene anali yoyenera kuvota akazi akale, izo zikusonyeza izi zinachitikadi. Pamene wotchuka de A Foix anafotokoza mfundo zawo pa mtsutso achipembedzo Pamiers kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIII, ndi wansembe French anaponya iye mu nkhope: "Madam, kubwerera ku gudumu lake kupota!".

Kusowa mphamvu ya "ofooka" kugonana unapitirira mpaka 1789 ku French kuukira boma. chiphiphiritso ake "Liberty, Kulingana, Fraternity" anali zinalandira mokondwera ndi akazi amene anali nawo mbali mu ndondomeko zandale. Koma buku la chikalata chachikulu cha ulimi "Mfundo za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa munthu" komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution, anapeza kuti izi mawu nyenyezi sizikutikhudza, koma amuna okha. Olympe de A Gouges, wolemba, anali mu 1791 "Declaration ufulu wa nzika" - mfundo za loyamba feminism. Koma boma naye theka la anthu dziko M'malo mwake, mayanjano akazi onse inaletsedwa, ndi "yosanja" si analoledwa kupezeka pa zochitika anthu amaligwirizanitsa kwa ana ndi wamisala. Olympe de A Gouges anamaliza moyo pa inanyongedwa. Koma French sanali okha pa nkhondo pa ufulu kuvota.

Meri Uollstonkraft mu 1792 makope mu London ntchito yake, "Mu Kuteteza ufulu wa amayi," womwe zikutsimikizira kufunika Kuyanjana pakathi pa amuna ndi akazi. Ndi akazi othandiza kayendedwe - kayendedwe kwa othandiza azimayi - anabadwa mu United States. Izi zinachitika mu 1848. Mu 1870, akazi British anasonkhana anasaina miliyoni pa pempholo pa ufulu wosankha ndipo kusankhidwa. Anali kugonjera ndi pepala kwa nyumba yamalamulo.

Koma dziko woyamba kumene akazi ankadera yoyenera kuvota, Iye anakhala New Zealand - mu 1893. Kenako, kupambana pa nkhani imeneyi wakhala akwaniritsa ku Australia (1902), USA (1920), Great Britain (1928). Mu Russia, Kuyanjana pakathi pa akazi anabweretsa yekha wa October kuukira boma.

The zikalata malamulo a mayiko ambiri Muslim lili zomwe mkazi si membala osadalira pa anthu. Mu ena limati alibe pasipoti, pokhala alembedwa ukwati atate wake chikalatacho, ndipo pambuyo pake - mu pasipoti mwamuna wake. Izi zilili mwachuluka vuto la osamukawo amene amakhala ku Ulaya Western ndi US anatseka m'madera.