Kazakhstan pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Chikazaki ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Kumapeto kwa June 1941, asilikali a ku Germany atalanda Soviet Union. Nazi ankaona nkhondoyi ngati sitepe kwambiri m'kati kupanga monolith German ku Atlantic ku Siberia. Soviet Union kunali dziko ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Pankhondo nawo mafuko osiyana. Wathunso ndewu ndiponso m'dera la Kazakhstan. Republic of ili pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ali chachikulu zachilengedwe ndi anthu chuma. Taganizirani ntchito yomwe Kazakhstan mu zaka za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Chidule mbiri ndi chisanadze

Ngakhale kuti pa zaka zam'mbuyo awiri analephera kwathunthu kugwiritsa kusintha kwa zokomera onse, pa njira ya ku cholinga ichi zachitikira kwambiri. Makamaka, mwa mawu yayifupi kuponderezana atsamunda ndi dziko zitachotsedwa, akale umbuli ndi backwardness. Pa nthawi yomweyo inakhazikitsidwa kusasiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, mtendere ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu. Wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri mu izi zonse ndi kukonda dziko lako miyambo dziko. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu a Kazakhstan ali bwinobwino kumbuyo malire a steppes lapansi. Pa kulimbana ndi atsamunda kwa kusintha atatu pomanga mapulani zaka zisanu ndi atasemphana amadzibisa yapachiweniweni anakhazikitsa ndipo kwambiri analimbitsa ubwenzi lonse. chikoka chachikulu amagwiritsa ntchito pa anthu ndi ambiri odana ndi lopondereza mabodza.

Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Mwachidule kufotokoza boma la Republic nthawi za zimene zinachitika Nazi azibweretsa ena ziwerengero. Malinga ndi zotsatira za kalembera anthu imachitika mu 1939, panali miliyoni 6.2. Munthu dziko. Musachoke m'gulu la asilikali ali unaturuka pafupifupi 1.2 miliyoni udindo wapadera kukwaniritsa cholinga wamba -. The anamasulidwa USSR ku wankhanza - ankaimba Kazakhstan mu zaka za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Photos m'nkhani ino zikusonyeza mtima wa anthu abwere kwa chitetezo cha Mama. Boma Soviet, anapatsidwa zinachitikira tsarist walenga wapadera odziwa zomangamanga ndi asilikali ntchito. Ena mwa iwo oimira anthu olankhula zinenero zamakolo a ku Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan. Okwana izo asonkhanitsidwa anthu oposa 700 zikwi mwa mayiko fraternal.

boma la chuma

chuma Kazakhstan a mu zaka za Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo pa siteji ya chitukuko bwino. Ntchito makampani chitetezo, ndipo kutsogolo anatumizidwa kuti aliyense wokhala chachinayi cha dziko. Komabe, izi sanaletse pofuna kukwaniritsa chuma cha dziko. Mkulu yolimbikitsa mitengo anali chifukwa chikhalidwe ulimi chuma, anthu ambiri alimi anthu. Ofunika wakhala belated ndi buku anthu oti mu gawo chitetezo ndi mechanization ulimi.

kupanga mankhwala

Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945 gg.) Created mbali ndi kugwirizana mwachindunji pa malire awo. Zambiri za anthu nayenso zochita za asilikali Soviet monga Wolimbikitsa ya kubwezeretsa. Mu mabwalo anayi apakavalo khumi ndi awiri oyenda magawano, brigades asanu ndi awiri, pafupi makumi asanu battalions osiyana ndi regiments mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali inakhazikitsidwa. Angapo magulu awa akhazikitsidwa monga kugwirizana dziko. Anapanga pa dongosolo yolimbikitsa madera pafupifupi theka wopangidwa ndi mamembala a Komsomol ndi Communist. Ndisanalembetse usilikali, anathandizidwa ndi yunifolomu ndi zinthu zina zofunika ndi zinthu zili ndalama bajeti dziko, komanso zopereka zaufulu zochokera kwa anthu.

yovuta

Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945) anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti kuphunzitsa ogwira ndi alonda malo a bulu ndi asilikali. Mabungwe apadera maphunziro anatumizidwa oposa 42 zikwi wamng'ono Kazakhs. Analipo pa nthawi ya mabungwe asilikali yophunzitsa dziko opangidwa 16 zikwi alonda. Kazakhstan pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, komanso madera ena a dziko, mofulumira anamasulira gawo zachuma pa mzere kumbuyo. Makamaka, ndalama sanamvere zolinga mtendere. Ambiri mwa makampani ndi kunditumiza ku ulimi wa mankhwala chitetezo. Chifukwa iwo anali Machining zida, ntchito ndi zipangizo.

achoke nzika

Iye anapirira mavuto ambiri Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo (1941-1945). Akhoza mwachidule mbali chabe ya mavuto anakumana ndi anthu mu nthawi ya nkhondoyo. Pa chiyambi cha kukana m'dziko tapeza pogona, malo okhala, ntchito osamukira oposa 500 zikwi ochokera mzigawo kumadzulo. Mu Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndipo anafika pafupi 970.000 anabwerera kwawo ku Germany ndi Zitsulo. Ambiri a iwo anakakhala ku midzi ndi midzi. Mu malo m'tawuni panthawi imeneyo inali yopweteka kwambiri nyumba vuto. aggravation ake anali pachiyambi kwa nkhondo. Motero, nzika mu 1940, nkhani palibe mamita lalikulu kuposa 5.1. m, mu zaka -. 4.3, ndi m'mizinda ina ngakhale zochepa.

mavuto chakudya

Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo kunachitika kuchepa pachimake chakudya. atafika pa msika anatsika ndi nthawi 7-15. Pa nthawi yomweyo mitengo ya chakudya ndi necessaries kuchuluka nthawi 10-15. Chifukwa cha dongosolo lino unayamba khadi kotunga mkate ndi zina zofunikira. Vuto chakudya anathandiza kupititsa patsogolo munthu aliyense payekha ndiponso maluwa, minda maukonde. Zikomo kuyesetsa anzake a anthu ndi utsogoleri wa Republic anakwanitsa kugonjetsa mavutowo. Chifukwa, kuchuluka sichinayambe anafika, koma nzika anatha kulandira okwana osachepera anafunika kukumana ndi zosowa zofunika.

makampani yosamutsa

Kuwayika anthu othawa kwawowo kupanga anali mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kusintha kumbuyo. Mu Kazakhstan 220 mafakitale anasamutsidwa pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, cooperatives, kukambirana, mafakitale ndi mafakitale kuphatikiza. Kenako, 20 makampani awa anali reevakuirovany. Mkulu chiwerengero cha zakudya, mafakitare wa nsalu ndi makampani kuwala. Kusinthaku awo nthawi zonse umachitikira pamaziko a mabizinezi dziko. othawa kwawowo ambiri kupanga anali anapezerapo mofulumira, m'madera wosaphunzitsidwa, ndipo nthawizina pansi eaves lapansi. Izi zikachitika, panali kusintha kwa yopanga kale anamasulidwa, koma zatsopano chitetezo.

Administration ntchito m'madera akumidzi

Mu zaka zingapo kulimbana fascism, monga mu nthawi ya collectivization, minda boma inakhazikitsidwa ndi madipatimenti andale ndi m'munda mbewu ndi thalakitala brigades - commissars ndale. Zimenezi kupereka mphamvu zokwanira waukulu. Iwo sakanakhoza mlandu anthu amene nkhanza sanali kukwaniritsa malamulo disorganisers ankaona ndi idlers. Mokhwima makonzedwe ntchito m'midzi, nkhani yaikulu ya akazi ndi ana ntchito, kuchepetsa zida luso minda boma ndi gulu, kuchepetsa, ndi m'madera ena, ndi kutha kwa malipiro a workdays, achiwawa ng'ombe kaphokoso, kumayambiriro misonkho kwambiri bwanji udindo wa anthu. North Kazakhstan njala mu Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kuthandiza mabungwe onse a boma inakhazikitsidwa ku dera Aktobe. Malinga ndi mavuto a ulamuliro Commissariats ndi kasamalidwe timu yawo wakhala kukodzedwa ndi kulimbikitsidwa udindo wake kwa zinthu ku mafakitale. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kwambiri yafupika chiwerengero cha misonkhano, kuchuluka Mwachangu ndi Kuyankha. Komabe, utsogoleli wakhala anapambutsa kwa austerity kwambiri. Izi anali ntchito ndi kusintha moyo wamkati, ambiri Kukwezeleza mwambo wa umunthu. Komanso, mmene ndi mchitidwe wa zaka zam'mbuyo, kulimbikitsa mapangidwe matupi sanali malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Akmola ndi Semipalatinsk zigawo komishoni zapadera zinalengedwa ndi umaŵirikiza nthaŵi zitatu. Iwo anagwira kubzala zimatsogolera anatsogolera mayikidwe a anthu othawa kwawowo, moto kumenyana ndi zina zotero. Pavlodar, Karaganda Region, kum'mawa Kazakhstan pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ankagwira ntchito pa makonzedwe mokwanira coarse. M'madera ena, tinali njira mwamantha antchito.

zodzitetezera pa umoyo

njira zofunika ndi magulu okha apulumuka, komanso kakulidwe ka umoyo, maphunziro, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe cha Kazakhstan. Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anamwino ndi madokotala a Republic ndi wokhoza kupereka mlingo mkulu adzabweranso mu machitidwe a odwala ndi ovulala, komanso kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda a typhoid ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, ndi matenda ena. dongosolo la maphunziro wakhala pafupifupi sichinasinthe. Komabe, kwambiri utachepa chiwerengero cha ana. Izi makamaka noticeable akumidzi. Kwambiri anakhudzidwa mabungwe chikhalidwe. Pafupifupi kotala la zibonga unapatsidwa kwa zipatala ndi mabizinezi mafakitale. Kuposa halved chiwerengero cha malaibulale komanso buku thumba lawo anatsika ndi lachitatu. chiwerengero cha owonetsera mu dziko sichinasinthe. Komabe, ntchito mwa mabungwe amenewa kwambiri Mkhalidwe kusintha. Makamaka kwambiri anali zotsatira za ntchito ya Opanga filimuyi. "Kazakhfilm" unakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pawiri Alma-Ata, Leningrad ndi Moscow ku situdiyo. Zofunika makamaka anali kukonda dziko lako mabuku dziko. Chikazaki ngwazi za Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zinkaimbidwa mwa ambuye monga Auezov, Shukhov, Snegin, Dzhabayev. Ena olemba okha anali pa mzere kutsogolo.

kutsogolo

Kazakhstan pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anapanga silikhali Fund. Amaphatikiza zopereka zaufulu zochokera kwa nzika zonse. Ndi October 1943, kukula kwake anafika rubles miliyoni 185.5 ndalama ndi miliyoni 193.6 kwa mtengo wa ogwirizana. kampeni A unayambitsidwa kwa ogulidwa akasinja ndi sitima zankhondo. Kuti Army Kazakhstan pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo watumiza 480 mln. Pakani. Kuchuluka okwana chopereka cha Republic, pamodzi ndi mtengo wa ngongole pa chuma, malotale ndi ndalama zina anakwana opaka 4.7 biliyoni .. Ndalama zimenezi chingathe kubisa ndalama mwachindunji akumenya nkhondo kwa masabata awiri.

Kulasa loyamba la mdani

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira ya nkhondoyo pa amadzibisa onse a asilikali Soviet, amene anamenya nawo m'gulu la zikwi Kazakhs anatsogolera nkhondo kupanikizidwa ndi Anazi. Woyamba linasakazidwa alonda malire. 485 outposts, apeze malire, kuukira mdani. Zidzachuluka kukana anasonyeza zokometsera wa Brest Linga. Unit kuteteza panafika nthumwi za mayiko oposa makumi atatu wa USSR. Asilikali kumenyana molimba mtima Naganova mkulu platoon mtsogoleri Tiraspol nsanja. Nkhondoyi anasonyeza kuti Turdyev tsitsi - Kazakhstan ndi ngwazi dziko. Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, magulu a mayiko, amene anamenya pa dera la Lithuania, Estonia ndi Latvia, khama kusonyeza adani kuukira.

Nkhondo Moscow

Asilikali Soviet kugonjetsa mavuto, anakwanitsa osati kupulumuka, komanso kusonkhanitsa, chilongosoko linagonja kwa adani nkhondo pafupi ndi likulu. A udindo wapadera ndi anagwira atasemphana 316th Division motsogozedwa Major General Panfilov ndi Commissioner Egorova. Ogwira ngwazi amasonyeza isanayambike ndi mankhwala mdani thanki. Dziko lonse amadziwa wosafa chintchito 105 womenya Regiment, amene anali wokhoza kuononga 18 magalimoto mdani, osati kudutsa izo kum'mawa. Zinali ndiye Officer Political Klotchkov amalankhula mawu, leafless kutsogolo: "Russia ndi dziko lalikulu, ndipo poti mubwerere m'mbuyo - Moscow". Molimba kumenyana ndi asilikali a Division 316th. Pa nkhondoyo anaphedwa General Panfilov. kukana wosiyana ndi ungwazi mu Nkhondo ya Moscow anasonyeza omenyana pansi pa lamulo la Regiment ndi battalion Karpov kutsogoleredwa ndi Baurdzhan Mamysh-uly. Nkhondo inali ndi adani amene asilikali anali kanayi kuposa iwo. Kwa mwezi wonse wakhala katundu nkhondo. Panfilov anakwanitsa kugonjetsa zinayi magawano German. asilikali ft sanapite utsogoleri padera. Pakuti mtima 316th Division anali reorganized mu alonda 8 ndi bwezerani pa mphoto - dongosolo la Red mbendela. Pa pempho la omenyana ndi posakhalitsa dzina la mtsogoleri womwalirayo.

Zochita za asirikali

Ponena za nkhondo ya Moscow, munthu Musaiwale ungwazi wa TSU Tokhtarov. Kuthyola likulu la Nazi ku N. Borodino, iye anali wokhoza kuononga asanu alonda German. TSU Tokhtarov analandira udindo wa Hero atamwalira. Gulu la gunners makina, analamula Malik Gabdullin, zinawakhudza ndi akasinja Nazi ndipo achoka dipatimenti chilengedwe. Pa chintchito politruk kampani anali kupereka mutu wa ngwazi. Mudzi pafupi Serpukhov, pa magombe a Oka, anafa Ramadani Amangeldy. Izi gunner makina mu skirmish atsopano anapha khumi Germany mu miyoyo yawo. Amangeldy submachine gunner unalembedwa cha Division 238-TH. Pakuti kulimba ndiponso mosazengereza mu chitetezo pa nagonjetsa, bungwe ndi chilango, mugawo ili analandira Order ya Red mbendela, ndipo akusinthika mu 1942 mu alonda.

Ankhondo pafupi Leningrad

Kuyambira September 1941, Kazakhs anali wakhama mu kuswa anatseka misewu. Makamaka, nkhondo kumenyana 310 TH oyenda, ndiyeno 314 TH Division, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu Kazakhstan. Anyankhondo anatha kupereka zomvetsa kwambiri pa mdani. Anyankhondo nawo kumasulidwa kwa midzi zoposa makumi awiri m'dera Leningrad, kuonetsetsa kugwirizana ndi "kumtunda", anaika pamodzi ndi njira anyankhondo andzace 'a moyo. " Pa nkhondo, chipani kulinganiza Baimagambetov mobwerezabwereza chintchito Matrosov. Chifukwa iye anali kupereka mutu wa ngwazi. Kulimba mtima ndi asonyeza mkulu mlingo wa asilikali maphunziro a Baltic zombo. Commander asilikali Tributs m'kalata yake kwa anthu Chikazaki anathokoza kwa dziko anthu analera, anaona ungwazi wa asilikali, kulimba mtima kwawo ndi sichisinthasinthanso. Mkulu Luso anasonyeza nkhondo mzindawo pa mkulu Neva Koibagarov. Pa lamulo lake anali 5 TH nthambi ya kampani 1236 Regiment 372 TH oyenda Division. Anyankhondo anatha mofulumira chitsogolo, kuchita ndime mu minefields mdani ndi kutchinga bunker. Koibagarov mtsogoleri woyamba balamanthu ngalande, onyamula asilikali inayo. Near Leningrad kumenyana m'badwo wachitatu Kazakhstan.

zigawenga kayendedwe

Ngakhale mtima ndi opirira, amene anasonyeza omenyana kutsogolo, nkhondo mu magawo oyambirira kukhala ndi zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri anthu Soviet. Kuyambira masiku oyambirira kumenyana panali zigawenga kuyenda. Chifukwa misa ndi bungwe kwambiri, komanso ku kuzipeleka kwa mapulani a ntchito Soviet lamulo, izo amamuonera wapadera kufunika njira. Zigawenga kayendedwe wakhala kwambiri ndithu Kazakhs. Choncho, Leningrad detachments panali oposa mazana awiri, m'chigawo Smolensk - oposa mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu, Belarus ndi Ukraine - za zitatu zikwi.