Umoyo ndi kapangidwe ka algae. Features ya kapangidwe ka algae

Kodi okongola ndi zodabwitsa m'madzi dziko, monga Iye ali mwachinsinsi. Mpaka pano asayansi kupeza mitundu ina yatsopano ndi zachilendo nyama anaphunzira katundu zosaneneka za zomera, kuwonjezera munda wa ntchito.

The zomera za m'nyanja, nyanja, mitsinje, nyanja ndi zithaphwi si osiyanasiyana m'dziko, komanso wapadera ndi okongola. Tidzayensa tikupeza kodi izi zodabwitsa m'madzi zomera, algae nanga dongosolo kufunika mu moyo wa munthu ndi zina zamoyo.

Mwadongosolo udindo mu dongosolo organic dziko

Malinga ndi mfundo ambiri amavomereza, algae amaona kuti ndi gulu la zomera m'munsi. Iwo ali gawo la ufumu Cell Chipinda ufumu ndi zomera subkingdoms wotsika. Ndipotu, mugawo ili zachokera mbali ya kapangidwe ka nthumwi izi.

Dzinali iwo tiri otha kukula ndi moyo pansi pa madzi. Latin dzina - ndere. Choncho iwo anapanga ndi dzina la sayansi, ndawala kuphunzira zambiri za zamoyo izi, phindu zachuma ndi dongosolo, - phycology.

gulu la algae

deta Modern kulola ife kuti fotokozerani zonse zilipo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oimira m'madipatimenti khumi. Maziko a kulekana dongosolo n'kofunika ndi yofunika ntchito ya algae.

1. Buluu wobiriwira zokhala ndi selo imodzi, kapena cyanobacteria. Oimira: cyan, Monera, mikrotsistisy ndi ena.
2. Diatoms. Zikuphatikizapo pinnulyariya, Navicula, plevrosigma, melozira, gomfonema, sinedra ndi ena.
3. Gold. Oimira hrizodendron, hromulina, primnezium ndi ena.
4. Porphyry. Zikuphatikizapo porphyry.
5. Brown. Kelp, Sargassum, cystoseira ndi ena.
6. Yellow-wobiriwira. Izi zikuphatikizapo makalasi monga Ksantopodovye, Ksantokokkovye, Ksantomonadovye.
7. Red. Gratsillyariya, ahnfeltia, whelk.
8. Green. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, chlorella ndi ena.
9. Evshenovye. Iwo oimira ambiri wosazindikira wa wobiriwira.
10. Stoneworts. Hara monga nthumwi waukulu.

Gawo ili susonyeza kapangidwe ka algae, ndi Likuonetseranso luso lawo photosynthesize pa kuya osiyana, kusonyeza mtundu wa mtundu makamaka. Ie kupenta zomera ndi chizindikiro chimene adzaupereka kwa Dipatimenti makamaka.

Ndere: mbali structural

zimasiyanitsa yaikulu mbali - ndi thupi si kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu. Kuti palibe algae, ngati zomera apamwamba, kugawanika bwino kuthawa, wopangidwa mwa tsinde, masamba ndi maluwa, ndipo mizu. algae thupi kapangidwe ankaimira Thallus kapena Thallus.

Komanso, mizu nawonso akusowa. M'malo mwake, pamaso pa wapadera translucent woonda zokhudzana ulusi ngati, wotchedwa rhizoids. Iwo akuchita ntchito ya ubwenzi gawo lapansi, motero zinthu ngati sucker a.

Thallus kungakhale akalumikidzidwa osiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu. Nthawi zina, ena kwambiri akufanana kuthawa zomera apamwamba. Choncho, kapangidwe ka algae ndi zenizeni kwambiri kwa aliyense dipatimenti, kotero m'tsogolo tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zitsanzo za oimira.

mitundu thalli

Thallus - mbali yaikulu ya algae aliyense multicellular. Features ya kapangidwe ka thupi kwagona kuti thallium angakhale osiyanasiyana.

1. Amoeboid.
2. Monad.
3. Kapsalny.
4. Coccoid.
5. Filamentous kapena trihalny.
6. Sartsinoidny.
7. Lozhnotkanevy.
8. Kupopa.
9. Psevdoparenhimatozny.

Mfundo zitatu zoyambirira ambiri khalidwe la mitundu ya atsamunda ndi unicellular, winayo patsogolo kwambiri, Mipikisano ma zovuta bungwe.

Gawo ili ndiyopenekela yekha, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse wa options Transitional zilipo, kenako kusiyanitsa kwa mnzake kovuta. Mphonje zosiyanasiyana zidzachotsedwa.

algae selo, matabwa ake

The peculiarity wa zomera ndi poyamba mu kapangidwe ka khungu lawo. Ndi yosiyana ndi ya oimira apamwamba. Mukhoza uzipereke mfundo zingapo zofunika pa zomwe maselo zigwire.

1. Anthu ena zili dongosolo apadera nyama - organelles kuyenda (michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana).
2. Nthawi zina pali manyazi.
3. Zikopa si ndithu mofanana ndi ochiritsira selo mbewu. Nthawi zambiri zida ndi zimam'patsa kapena zamadzimadzi zigawo zina.
4. Inki ndi unazunguliridwa mu thupi wapadera - ndi chromatophores.

Onse a kapangidwe ka maselo algae imvera malamulo ambiri kuti zomera apamwamba. Iwonso:

• phata ndi chromatin;
• chloroplasts, chromoplasts, ndi zina pigment munali kapangidwe;
• vacuole ndi kuyamwa khungu;
• selo khoma;
• mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes;
• Golgi zida, endoplasmic reticulum , ndi zinthu zina.

Pankhaniyi, kapangidwe ma ya algae unicellular limafanana wa anthu prokaryotic. Zimenezi ndi alibe mutu, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ndi ena nyumba zina.

Kapangidwe ma ya algae multicellular amadziwa zogwirizana ndi zomera apamwamba lapadziko, kupatula mbali zina zenizeni.

Dipatimenti Green algae: kapangidwe

Mu dipatimenti ndi monga izi:

• tating'ono;
• multicellular;
• atsamunda.

zoposa khumi zikwi mitundu yonse kumeneko. Makalasi chachikulu:

• Volvoxes.
• Conjugates.
• Ulotriksovye.
• Kupopa.
• Protococcal.

Features zokhala ndi selo imodzi dongosolo kwagona kuti kunja selo kawirikawiri yokutidwa ndi ❖ kuyanika zina amachita ntchito ya mtundu wa mafupa - pellicle. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kutetezedwa ku makhalidwe kunja, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ena ndi nthawi padziko kupanga dongosolo okongola ndi zodabwitsa za ayoni zitsulo ndi mchere.

Monga ulamuliro, kapangidwe ka wobiriwira algae unicellular mtundu kwenikweni monga aliyense kayendedwe organelle, nthawi zambiri bakiteriya udzakhalire kumapeto kumbuyo kwa thupi. Yopuma michere - wowuma, mafuta kapena ufa. oimira mfundoyi: chlorella, chlamydomonas, Volvox, hlorokokkum, protokokkus.

chidwi kwambiri ndi oimira kupopa monga Caulerpa, kodium, atsetobulyariya. Thallus awo - izo siziri Shackleton ndi mtundu mbale, ndi wina chimphona maselo amene amagwira ntchito zonse zazikulu pamoyo.

Multicellular akhoza kukhala lamellar kapena dongosolo filamentous. Pankhani mawonekedwe mbale, ndiye amachita Mipikisano magawo osati wosanjikiza umodzi. Nthawi zambiri kapangidwe ka algae wa mtundu uwu ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi mphukira wa zomera apamwamba lapansi. Nthambi zambiri thallium, wamkulu kufanana.

oimira Ofunika - makalasi zotsatirazi:

• Ulotriksovye - ulothrix, Ulvi, monostroma.
• Stseplyanki kapena conjugates - zigonema, Spirogyra, muzhotsiya.

mitundu atsamunda - wapadera. Kapangidwe ka mtundu wa algae wobiriwira ndi anzake pafupi pakati pa kudzikundikira lalikulu oimira unicellular ogwirizana zambiri ntchofu ku malo akunja. Akuluakulu oimira angathe kuonedwa monga Volvox, protococcal.

Features a moyo

Zimapezekanso Ofunika - ndi madzi ndi nyanja, nyanja. Zimachititsa otchedwa algal limamasula, ndi clouding padziko lonse. Chlorella chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ulimi nyama, monga oxygenates amatisambitsa madzi, ndi otsala youma ndi kudyetsedwa kwa ziweto.

The unicellular wobiriwira algae akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu galimoto danga kwa kupanga mpweya ndi dzuwa popanda kusintha matabwa ake ndi imfa. Malinga ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ili dipatimenti - wamkulu mu mbiri ya zomera m'madzi.

Division Red algae

Other dipatimenti dzina - whelk. Zikuoneka chifukwa apadera oimira mtundu wa gulu la zomera. nkhani zonse mu inki. Kapangidwe ka algae wofiira wonse amakwaniritsa zinthu zonse zoyambirira za kapangidwe ka zomera m'munsi. Akhozanso zokhala ndi selo imodzi ndi multicellular, ndi mtundu wina wa Thallus. Pali nthumwi yaikulu ndi yaing'ono kwambiri.

Komabe, coloration awo chifukwa ziwalo zina - pamodzi ndi wotchedwa chlorophyll, algae amenewa angapo inki ena:

• carotenoids;
• phycobilins.

Iwo amabisa yaikulu pigment wobiriwira, choncho mtundu wa zomera zosiyanasiyana kuchokera zachikasu wofiira kwambiri ndi kapezi. Ichi ndi chifukwa mayamwidwe pafupifupi adziwana dzulo a kuunika kuwoneka. oimira mfundoyi: ahnfeltia, phyllophora, gracilaria, porphyry ndi ena.

Ubwino ndi moyo

Akhoza kukhala madzi abwino, koma ambiri - koma m'madzi nthumwi. Kapangidwe ka algae wofiira, makamaka kuthekera kwa kutulutsa wapadera mankhwala Hagara-Hagara, amapanga ntchito kwambiri pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa adzasowa chakudya Confectionery. Komanso, mbali yaikulu ya anthu ntchito mankhwala ndi ntchito mwachindunji ndi anthu chakudya.

Dipatimenti ya Brown algae: kapangidwe

Nthawi zambiri maphunziro a kusukulu kuphunzira zomera m'munsi mbali zawo zosiyanasiyana mphunzitsi anafunsa ophunzirawo kuti: "Lembani mbali structural wa kelp." Yankho ndilakuti Thallus ali kapangidwe zovuta kwambiri mitundu yonse kudziwika kwa zomera m'munsi mwa Thallus, ndilo zambiri zochititsa chidwi kukula imakonzedwa kuchititsa ziwiya; Thallus iyoyomwe dongosolo Mipikisano wosanjikiza, chifukwa cha zimene akufanana ndi nsalu mtundu chipangizo cha zomera apamwamba lapansi.

Oimira maselo algae kubala ntchofu izi wapadera, kotero kunja nthawi zonse ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa mtundu wina. Yopuma zakudya ndi:

• zimam'patsa kelp;
• mafuta (mafuta a mitundu yosiyanasiyana);
• mowa mannitol.

Apa pali chimene inu muyenera kunena, ngati mwapemphedwa: ". Lembani mbali structural wa kelp ndi" Iwo kwenikweni kwambiri ndipo iwo ndi wapadera poyerekeza ndi akuluakulu ena a zomera m'madzi.

Ntchito zaulimi ndi yogawa

Kelp - ndiwo mankhwala organic osati anthu zamiyendo Inayi m'madzi, komanso anthu amene ali mu zone ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. ntchito zawo chakudya ambiri mwa anthu osiyanasiyana a dziko. Wa medicaments izi chopangidwa ufa ndi mchere zinthu, asidi alginic.