Urea-formaldehyde resins: kupanga katundu ndi ntchito

Urea-formaldehyde resins ankagwiritsa ntchito yomanga, yamitengo ndi mafakitale ena. Industrial njira kubala koyamba anayamba mu US mu 1927. Pakuti mphamvu ndi madzi kulimbikira polyesters ndi resins epoxy zomangira ndi penapake otsika. Komano, ndi kuwapanga mtengo kwambiri.

Bwanji Mng'oma

Analandira utomoni CFS, monga kale Tingaone dzina, ndi polycondensation wa formaldehyde ndi urea. Iwo akuyimira sanali flammable amadzimadzi kuyimitsidwa mmene kukhuthala ndi mtundu siyana malingana sitandade. Kupanga resins urea-formaldehyde ambiri zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito yapadera, jacketed ndi stirrer makamaka, apparatuses. The lonse kupanga ndondomeko ya katundu imeneyi njira zitatu:

• polycondensation;

• acidic condensation;

• kuyanika.

The utomoni polycondensation ikuchitika sing'anga ndi zamchere pa pH wa njira zimene wofanana 7.5-8. Pa kupanga ndondomeko adzakhala kuonetsetsa kuti molar chiŵerengero urea: formaldehyde 1: 1.6-1.9.

The condensation acidic ikuchitika sing'anga ndi pH = 4.5-4.8. Pa nthawi imeneyi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kulemera maselo akuyamba kuwonjezera kwambiri ndi kukhuthala njira. еще одну порцию карбамида. Kumapeto kwa acidic condensation angachitire utomoni anawonjezera gawo lina la urea ndi. Kuchuluka chofunika cha mankhwala ndi kuchita masamu kuti chiŵerengero molar a zigawo zikuluzikulu mu njira chinali 1: 1.3-1.4. Mu kuyanika sitepe utomoni ndi kusintha kwa kufunika mfundo wachibale kukhuthala. продукт охлаждают и модифицируют с целью снижения его токсичности. Pa chomaliza mankhwala ndi utakhazikika ndi akasintha kuchepetsa kawopsedwe ake.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito

Urea-formaldehyde utomoni ntchito (chilinganizo N = CH2 C = O ndi NH2 HOCH2NH C = NH2) mungathe kupanga:

• Fiberboard ndi particleboard;

• plywood;

• putties, penti ndi vanishi;

• chinyezi kugonjetsedwa pepala ndi paperboard (impregnation);

• thovu.

карбамидоформальдегидная (КФ-МХ2) в бурении . Amagwiritsidwanso urea utomoni (KF-MX2) mu pobowola. Pankhaniyi ntchito monga slurry m'munsi simenti. Otsiriza, mudzachitira viscous osakaniza akhoza musaumitse mofulumira mu mlengalenga. Simenti slurries ntchito makamaka kwa Kupeza ndi casing ndi kuwateteza ku dzimbiri.

CFS Clay ofotokoza

Pa mabizinezi a makampani kupala matabwa mu maonekedwe ake angwiro sikawirikawiri ntchito CFS. Zambiri wamba kwambiri ndi mbali yaikulu monga ntchito matabwa urea utomoni ulimbo. The mitundu waukulu wa mankhwala anapanga pamaziko a CFS, pali asanu:

• EC-B - kudya akuchiritsa zomatira;

• CF-O - General cholinga (formaldehyde zili osati kuposa 0,25%);

• KF-MT - otsika poizoni, ntchito yopanga fiberboard ndi particleboard;

• KF-F - ndi mwai viability;

• KF-BZ - Chili ubwino wa mtundu EC-B ndi KF-F.

Mwamsanga-CF-B zomatira kupala matabwa mabizinezi a makampani ali makamaka ntchito yopanga plywood ndi mipando matabwa akalowa pa makina osakwatiwa-chikhatho chimodzi. Malotokischny mankhwala CF-O ntchito pa ambiri okha gluing pepala. Komanso, zomatira izi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kupanga plywood. Chipboard ndi fiberboard ndi ntchito zake sanapangidwe. Kwa kupanga mbale zochokera Chip kapena CHIKWANGWANI mankhwala umagwiritsidwa CF-MT chizindikiro.

Ulimbo ndi viability yapamwamba wangwiro polumikiza mitundu yonse ya mbali mipando. Plan zina zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa dothi ofooka. kumatira Universal KF-BZ amapezeka kawirikawiri ntchito kupanga plywood ndi mipando. Komanso, iwo angagwiritsidwe ntchito yopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala joinery. Malinga mtundu wa kuchiritsa zomatira zonse zochokera FSC angagwiritsidwe ntchito onse gluing otentha ndi ozizira.

Nthawi zina pomanga, matabwa ndi zina zotero. D. Kodi ntchito ndi zomatira wapadera ndi losiyana zina kusinthidwa.

The katundu wa utomoni MT-CF

Zofunika kuchokera resins urea-formaldehyde, malingana ndi ntchito angakhale osiyana. Pagome pansipa likunena zambiri pa katundu wa otchuka kwambiri KF-MT utomoni ntchito yopanga fiberboard ndi particleboard.

zopangidwa ena KF KF-MT-resins ndi kusiyana kwenikweni ndi kukhuthala yafupika pa ndi mkulu nkhani youma. zizindikiro zimenezi kulola kuti atchule mu akakhale opanga ndi zothira airless. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zimenezi nayenso, inapangitsa kuchepetsa kwambiri chinyezi nkhuni mankhwala particles utomoni ndi mogwirizana kuchepa nthawi yofuna mbale.

Impregnating utomoni (SKFP)

Mtundu uwu wa CFS ntchito kupanga madzi zosagwira zikatoni ndi pepala. Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa mutipatse ndi kukongoletsa mpukutu mafilimu, plywood ndi particleboard ndi fiberboard. Tebulo zotsatirazi zikusonyeza makhalidwe a mankhwala.

Kaperekedwe utomoni ntchito kwa kupanga zokutira

Chifukwa chaichi, amangoona ntchito mankhwala mtundu K-421-02 akuimira melaminokarbamidoformaldegidnaya mandala utomoni madzi ndi katundu zotsatirazi:

Katundu KF-MX2

Urea-formaldehyde resins ntchito popanga simenti slurries tisatongwa kwathunthu kutsatira GOST.

Urea formaldehyde thovu: kuchuluka kwa ntchito

mankhwala zimagwiritsa ntchito yomanga ngati kutchinjiriza zakuthupi. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutchinjiriza ndi kuzizira:

• makoma;

• Denga danga;

• Pansi wapakatikati ndi siling'i.

Poyerekeza ndi ochiritsira kukodzedwa polystyrene, polystyrene CFS ali ndi mwayi wina ofunika. Nkhanizi kwathunthu sanali flammable. urea-formaldehyde utomoni ndi gulu la zipangizo thermosetting. Kuti ndi n'zosiyana angachitire iwo sangakhale ndi tanthawuzo. Choncho, CFS-thovu pa moto si kupanga Sungunulani. The chabe - mchikakamizo cha kutentha izo wotaya kulemera pang'ono Kupeleka sanali woopsawo thanzi anthu, asafe ndi mpweya. The moyo utumiki wa thovu mu mtundu ndi za mofanana ndi extruded polystyrene - zaka pafupifupi 80.. Nkhanizi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mawonekedwe mbale ndi boma madzi. Zikatero, misa limangolembedwa anazitsanulira mwa M'mimbamo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana nyumba nyumbayi.

Kodi kupanga thovu CFS

Kwa nthawi yoyamba nkhaniyi chidwi anaonekera mu mochedwa 30 ntchentche mu Germany. Ku Ulaya, izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi nyumba. Mu 30% milandu ndi mitundu yosiyana kutchinjiriza walling ntchito nkhaniyi. M'zaka zaposachedwapa zambiri otchuka CFS-thovu akukhala Russia.

Zotsimikizira luso chotenthetsera izi ndi osavuta. Akugulitsa pali ngakhale yapadera, zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo zida, kugula, mfundo, akhoza kukhala aliyense. Ntchito makhazikitsidwe monga motere:

• mu umodzi muli ladzala ndi njira madzi a asidi phosphoric ndi wothandizila thobvu;

• mu chidebe china yokha anaika bwino urea utomoni;

• mu mbiya lotseguka n'kudzandigunda.

Wosakanizira zigawo chuma ntchito mpope wamphamvu. Urea-formaldehyde utomoni ndi thovu mtsinje ali otchezedwa iwo mu chosakanizira wapadera. Unyinji chifukwa mu chidebe udzathiridwa kuti patsekeke mwa bight zomangamanga nozzle.

The katundu wa utomoni pa ntchito yopanga thovu

Chifukwa chaichi, ntchito yomanga kawirikawiri ntchito mankhwala mtundu KFZH-PV. Izi utomoni madzi woyera kapena kuwala bulauni mtundu, specifications amene ayenera kufanana zofunikira za GOST.

Monga oyambitsa CF-utomoni

Choncho, ndinapeza ambiri kwambiri pomanga makampani ndi urea utomoni ntchito. mankhwala ikusonyezedwa malinga ndi zofunikira za GOST 14192. The chizindikiro pa beseni ndi CFS kapena inivoyisi Payenera kukhala:

• dzina Mlengi ndi chizindikiro wake;

• khoka kulemera;

• Utomoni chizindikiro;

• tsiku kupanga;

• mtanda nambala;

• zoti a muyezo yokha.

Monga ayenera kunyamulidwa utomoni

Large kupala matabwa ndi kumanga makampani kukagula kawirikawiri lalikulu zedi kwambiri. Mu nkhani iyi, urea-formaldehyde utomoni KF laperekedwa kwa ikupita mu akasinja sitima. ang'onoang'ono mtanda anadzazidwa mu ng'oma zitsulo. Recent patsogolo ntchito, malinga GOST 13950, ayenera bwinobwino rinsed. Mfundo choti akuponya utomoni kuphatikizapo mu Mipikisano mbiya ndi zilema aang'ono kunja.

njira mayeso

Tengani urea utomoni magulu zomera (ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi masekeli zosaposa 200 matani). Kuonanso ubwino wa mankhwala akuyesedwa. Mu gawo loyamba la kupanga awo:

• zitsanzo zosankhidwazi mfundo zitsanzo zitsulo chubu;

• pawiri ndi kuwayika zitsanzo zonse mu mtsuko galasi;

• Kumangiriza malemba ndi tsiku ndi malo a zitsanzo.

Zoonadi, mayeserowo angaphatikizepo kuyang'anitsitsa maso, komanso kutsimikiziridwa mu labotale:

• Kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zouma za chitsanzo chilichonse;

• Misa yaying'ono ya formaldehyde yaulere;

• Kuyikira kwa ion hydrogen;

• Nthawi yamagelatinization;

• Kusadziletsa ndi madzi;

• Limbikitsani mphamvu.

Momwe mungathere ndi kusunga molondola

Kutengerako kayendedwe ka urea-formaldehyde (kalasi ya ngozi ya chinthu ichi - II) ikhoza kukhala pa njira zonse zoyendetsa. Pa kutentha pansi pa 0 ° C, zitsulo zokha ndi zowonjezera kutentha kapena zokutira kutentha zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pachifukwachi, kutenthedwa kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa madzi otentha mu sitima yamatabwa. Kutentha kwa CFC mutatha njirayi sikuyenera kupitirira 25 ^° C. Musamangotenganso mankhwalawa ndi nthunzi.

M'chilimwe, mpweya wa 25 ^о С, utomoniwu sungatengeke kuposa masiku khumi. Sungani katunduyo kutentha kwa osachepera 5 ° C ndipo osapitirira 20 ° C mu chodekedwa cholimba. Saloledwa kusunga mbiya kapena matanki ndi phula pansi pa dzuwa. Komanso, GOST imafuna kusungira zinthu ndi chida ichi pansi pa denga, osalola kuti mpweya wa mlengalenga ukhalepo.

Urea-formaldehyde resin: opanga ndi makina

Masiku ano ku Russia amapangidwa matani 500,000 a CFS pachaka. Makampani aakulu kwambiri apakhomo omwe amapanga mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• Yugorsky lespromholding;

• Shatura;

• Cherepovets ndi Povolzhsky plywood ndi mipando zomera;

Komanso, tikupanga kupanga zinthu monga carbamide-formaldehyde resin, ojambula a Russian-Finnish m'dziko lathu. Zapadera pakupanga nkhaniyi, mwachitsanzo, CJSC "Metadineya" ndi kampani kampani Kronostar-Vostok, gawo la Ulaya likukhudzidwa ndi Swiss Krono Group. Kuonjezerapo, CFS ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi zimphona za mankhwala monga Acron ndi Metafax.