US Ndalama Zachitsulo: chithunzi ndi mbiri

Chidwi dola US, chimene chakhala zankhanza kwa nthawi yaitali, chifukwa zifukwa zachuma. Koma kulankhula za ndalama wosindikiza kuti dziko, osati zochepa. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti iwo boma anali pa ubwenzi wapadera. Zambiri za mmene US anadza anasintha ndalama werenganibe.

m'badwo

Mawu "dollar" ndi lochokera Czech. Zimene ndiye Bohemia wotchedwa ndalama zasiliva. Kenaka anadzatchedwa ndi thupi. Koma pamene mu 1700 a chitsamunda America anali mu dongosolo kufalitsidwa mu Spain, lomwe mawonekedwe ndi akufanana ndalama Bohemia, anaitanidwa ndalama kapena pesos.

lamulo boma

ndalama kupanga ndondomeko ndi sankalimbana nafe m'manja mwa boma kuyambira 1792. Ndiye iwo unayambitsidwa timbewu tonunkhira, lomwe m'mbiri yake, chinkhoswe mu minting wa ndalama osati kwa America koma Philadelphia, Denver, West Point, San Francisco.

pulezidenti US mu 1792 walemba malamulo amene $ 1 yofanana ndi masenti 100. banknotes zimenezi ndizo mu dziko. Koma mawu mwamwayi ntchito maina ena: khobiri (senti imodzi), faifi tambala (5 masenti), kobiri (awiri faifi tambala) thanki = dola imodzi (choncho anaonekera mawu "tonde").

Mchitidwe malamulo cholinga akabweretsa ufulu nkhani za ndalama ndi bwino fixation chiŵerengero cha golide ndi siliva. Kumbali ya zolowa a msika Kusakhazikika inalandidwa ndalama, phindu limene kuchuluka chifukwa kusinthasintha mtengo zitsulo US. Atathana chiŵerengero anali 1:15. Koma aliyense kumasulidwa kanasinthika.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution la United States Congress walola Bank kuti apereke banknotes zozitetezera. Koma kuchita chimodzimodzi ndi mabungwe ena kukongoza. Chifukwa, zolowa anali oposa zikwi banknotes osiyana. Fraudsters ndalama izi, madola US mokondwera ntchito. Pakutha kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni wachitatu wa banknotes kupezeka chasinthidwa. vuto anaganiza Chinsinsi Service.

zaka wotsatira

"Gold kuthamangira" inayamba mu 1849. Ndalama "$ 1" anadza ku kufalitsidwa. Patapita kanthawi panali banknotes mu zipembedzo za madola 3 ndi 20. Pofuna kupeza ndalama nkhondo ndi Chitaganya, Congress anakankha Zachuma kuti apereke banknotes zawo. Awa "greenbacks" sanali kupatsidwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali mpaka 1878.

Act 1873 kugubuduza bimetallism ndipo anabweretsa muyeso wa golide. Silver lakhala chinthu ndi wataya mtengo wake lokhazikika. ndondomeko Pambuyo deflation, zimene zinachititsa kuti ulova. Kwa zaka zambiri aliko, dongosolo unachititsa zambiri mtsutso. Koma linathetsedwa mkubwela kwa Great Depression.

Mitu kapena michira

Chithunzi choyamba kwa ndalama US, zithunzi za amene anapereka pambuyo pake, pokopera ku Anna Wonse Binham, mwana wa pulezidenti wa Bank Choyamba. Pamene Thomas Jefferson ankachita nawo kapangidwe Kumasulidwa Dzhon Rayh. Paudindo chitsanzo anapanga mtsikana ndi kapu Frugiya pa mutu wake. Mu zaka wotsatira, kapangidwe zasintha kangapo.

The Mwachitsanzo kwambiri losaiwalika linatulutsidwa pansi Theodore Roosevelt. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe zachilendo kwa otukukira kunja ndi maganizo ndalama US kuchuluka moyo alumali. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1837 mpaka 1838 zolemba banki anali inakhazikitsa ndi fano latsopano of Liberty. Kuti iwo anali zinapangidwa mtsikana amene akukhala pa thanthwe, atagwira m'dzanja lake chishango ndi «LIBERTY» lolembedwa. Komabe, kulakwitsa anapangidwa ndi chithunzicho. Dzanja lamanja anayang'ana lalikulu kuposa kumanzere. Komabe, ndalama ili linali kupezeka kwa zaka 50. Chifukwa kudzikundikira ambiri zitsanzo sverhstaryh mu 1892 panali reissue misa banknotes.

Pambuyo athana ndi dziko loyamba anaonekera "Mtendere Ndalama" mmbuyo. Iwo anafaniziridwa dazi mphungu ndi azitona nthambi, pansi pa thanthwe mawu akuti «MTENDERE».

mfundo zofunika

Chofunika kwambiri ndi ndalama "$ 1" imene nalo dzina lake pa engraver - "Morganist". Kuyambira 1873 izo zinapangidwa ku golide. Act 1873, zomwe sanaithetse bimetallism, zinakhudza eni mabomba siliva. Koma pambuyo chachikulu kugula mtengo wa zitsulo ndalama pa nthawi kuposa awo nkhope phindu. Chifukwa, zolemba banki anayambanso timbewu golide (1878) ndipo anachoka kufalitsidwa mu chipembedzo 3 siliva ndi masenti 5.

Pambuyo Wamkulu Depression kumbuyo uko kunali ndalama "US masenti 25" (kotala). Icho chinali choyamba, kumene Liberty - chizindikiro chachikulu cha America - m'malo ndi Washington. Vuto limeneli ndiye mobwerezabwereza nthawi zambiri. Zitsanzo 1964 panopa akugwiritsa ntchito. Ndiyeno panali latsopano 10- ndi 50-cent zitsanzo siliva ndi ambiri zizindikiro kukonda dziko. Poyamba, iwo adachemera kobiri "Mercury" Ufulu anamufanizira kapu Frugiya ndi mapiko kuti ukuimiliridwa ulimi. Pa n'zosiyana anawonetseredwa tsamba nkhondo nkhwangwa ndi nthambi za azitona. Zizindikiro zimenezi zikuimira wofunitsitsa kuteteza ndi chilakolako chofuna mtendere. Zitsanzo anali masenti 50 "kumumanga m'mitolo" mu mbendera. masenti US (ndalama) kuchokera 2010 anayamba kutulutsa nthaka, mkuwa ndi aloyi faifi tambala.

nkhani yapadera

Kuchuluka chidwi mu zolemba banki US anakhudzidwa minting mndandanda wa ndalama chamadzulo. Series khobiri odzipereka kwa Abraham Lincoln. Pamafunikanso zitsanzo 4. Pa n'zosiyana aliyense anasonyeza magawo zofunika za moyo wa Abraham. The obverse chili ndi mbiri ya Pulezidenti 16 la United States. Ufulu mndandanda opangidwa mu 2009 anapangidwa nthaka ndi TACHIMATA ndi mkuwa. Kapangidwe ka nyemba amene ali kumbuyo, akuonetsedwa Lincoln Chikumbutso.

Wapadera zitsanzo za faifi tambala, mafaifi tambala, anaonekera mu 2004. Pa obverse mbali chithunzi cha Thomas Jefferson. ndalama zonse US ndi zithunzi wapadera kusonyeza magawo chitukuko cha West:

• Zikho "The kupeza la World '', omwe amaitcha kuti ophunzira maulendowa kutukula West.
• Bwato limene Lewis ndi William Clark anadutsa madera a America.
• Mbiri msipu njati - nyama zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana anthu a America.
• Polingalira za gombe la Pacific Ocean.

Koma ambiri okhometsa onse chidwi ndalama masenti 25 (kumpanda). Chitsanzo choyamba cha mwambowu linatulutsidwa mu 1976. Pa obverse ali chithunzithunzi cha George Washington. Pa n'zosiyana - ndi drummer ndi muuni wa kupambana pakati pa nyenyezi 13 (chiwerengero cha limati woyamba mu dziko).

Opanda chidwi zochepa ndi ndalama "50 States", amene anali kumasulidwa ndi anawonjezera zaka 10. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo unayambitsidwa pa zitsanzo 5 pa chaka. Izi ndalama mkuwa ndi aloyi faifi tambala. Magawo: awiri - 24,3 mm, kulemera - 5,67 ga, makulidwe - 1,75 mm. Kumpanda Mwambo kwathunthu kutsatira muyezo.

Pomaliza

Woyamba ndalama US anali kupezeka m'zaka XVII. Iwo anali opangidwa ndi siliva ndi golide. Monga mbali yofunika ya kapangidwe akhala kulimbikitsa chizindikiro cha dziko - ufulu. mafano ake zinalembedwa ku akazi otchuka ndi wokongola wa nthawi. Kamangidwe ka magazini iliyonse anasintha. The obverse lamakono zitsanzo zithunzi za US mapulezidenti alamulire zaka. Pa n'zosiyana wa - zizindikiro za mtendere, mphamvu ya boma ndi wokonzeka kuteteza.