Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi chidwi mfundo

Kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa mzinda wa St. Petersburg, pafupi ndi mtsinje wa Neva ndi mzikiti otchuka Woyera Utatu Cathedral, malo mapulani ndi ulemerero wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra. maphunziro ake wolemekezeka wa bwino ndi pafupi aliyense Petersburgers. Achita amadziwika ndi mzinda, ngati zombo spire wa Admiralty ndi "kwezani Russia kwa tonde kuti," Mkuwa pamahatchi.

Obisika, wobadwa lamulo la Petra Velikogo

mbiri yakale amasonyeza kuti mu 1710, atakhala pa confluence kwa mtsinje wa Neva mu Black Mtsinje - monga masiku akale ankatchedwa panopa mtsinje Monastyrka - mfumu Peter Ine analamula kuti amange obisika wodzipereka kwa St. Alexander Nevsky. Cholinga chake chinali osati chakanthawi akufunira. Izi zinali zaka za nkhondo ndi Sweden, ndi thandizo woyang'anira woyera, chochitika zambiri adali akumenyetsa asilikali a Sweden, panafunika. Kusankha malo kumangira obisika panali chifukwa ankakonda m'masiku amenewo kumaganiza kuti Apa, Prince Alesandro anapambana nkhondo yake.

Ndi "Ngakhale odzikuza mnansi" mudzi waukulu, Mfumu Petro nyumba pa mlingo waukulu. dongosolo mbuye wakhala anayamba umene m'misewu anatambasula mu anasiyiratu kuti zojambula. Kumangira nyumba za boma, akachisi ndi nyumba zachifumu za akulu anapempha bwino mapulani yachilendo. Labor a zikwi serfs, anachotsedwa Russia, ku Finland zithaphwi zithaphwi ananyamuka Venice wa Kumpoto.

Pakati pa ntchito, pamene anaimika bastions ya linga ndi yomangidwa kumene Admiralty doko la zombo zapanyanja pansi zombo loyamba la zombo Russian pa madzi, Mfumu anapezeka kufunikira kulenga malo auzimu. Iye ankafuna kuti tsar Petro Chimonko moona mtima kuchokera phokoso mzinda kupemphera kutumiza pansi madalitso a Mulungu pa zochita zake zonse. Komanso, tatchulazi, zinali pakati pa nkhondo asilikali a Sweden, ndi kukumbukira wa woyera, kamodzi anagonjetsa, anali kuuzira ankhondo lero.

Kukonzekera yomanga obisika ndi

The watsopano obisika mfumu panokha allocated chidutswa waukulu wa dziko pa magombe a Neva, kuwonjezera kwa iye amati ndi dziko lalikulu m'dera Olonets. Ntchito pa ntchito ya zovuta mapulani zinachitikadi patapita zaka ziwiri ndi wamanga ku Italy Swiss chiyambi Domenico Trezzini.

Project D.Trezini

Izo poyamba zinakonzedwa kuti zovuta nyumba kumene kumakhala Amonke, symmetrically inafalikira danga lonse ndinapatsidwa naye pa magombe a Neva, amayenera kukhala nyumba wina kumbuyo pa kum'mwera chakum'mawa likulu la achinyamata, choncho inamangidwa pa malamulo onse a mpanda wa.

Connect ansembe yotchedwa ndi St. Petersburg anakonza njira inali kudzera m'nkhalango nkhalango, dzina lake pa dongosolo monga "Neva pershpektiva" - tsogolo la thoroughfare waukulu mzindawo Nevsky Prospekt.

pakati mapulani ikumangidwa obisika amayenera kukhala kachisi, malo chomwe zinafotokozedwa mu dongosolo ndi Trezzini, ndi imene akuyembekezeka kuyamba kumalumikiza Nevsky Prospekt. Kupanga ntchito anatumizidwa ku kachisi kumene kuchokera ku Germany, achinyamata koma kale anapambana wotchuka wamanga T. Schwertfeger, ndi odzipereka kutsatira za ndiye yapamwamba German kalembedwe Baroque.

Ndikufunirani bwino nthawi ina

Izi oyamba, osati zilipo Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra chinachake chooneka chachikulu, chokongoletsedwa ndi nsanja awiri belu ndi spiers pa nsonga ya. Mu 1719 anayamba zovuta ntchito kukonzekera. nyumbayi, yomwe inatenga zaka khumi, inatha mu 1733, koma pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti zolakwa zazikulu anapangidwa mapulani ake.

Makamaka, izo sizinali mokwanira analimbitsa ndi pansi pa zomwe maziko inaimika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali masiyanidwe kuthetsa mbali payekha a tchalitchi chimene chinali chifukwa cha Ming'alu anawasema ake. Kukhazikika mu 1744, bungwe anazindikira kuti ngozi ya kugwa kwa nyumba ndi n'zosatheka ntchito.

Complete dismantling a mpingo unayamba mu 1753 ndipo chopangidwa motsogozedwa State milandu Ivan Jakovljevic Rossi, Dzina la wotchuka Carlo Rossi, anatenga zaka ziwiri. Itatha yoyamba Woyera Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra ku St. Petersburg, wakhala kwathunthu ankaiphwasula, anakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi analimkumanga chinthu chokha wa yosatha anakwezedwa pa nthawi ya agulupa zovuta.

Wamkulukulu kuti Catherine II

A siteji watsopano kumanga kachisi wa ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, lamulo la imene 1763 chinakhazikitsidwa ndi mpikisano wa Cathedral wa ntchito. Iwo anali nawo amisiri kwambiri lotchedwa la nthawi imeneyo, monga Yu. M. Felten, AF Kokorin, FF Wiest, S. A. Volkov ndi ena. Palibe ntchito anapereka sanalandire kukondweretsa yaikulu yomanga ntchito yomanga shelved kwa zaka khumi.

Only mu 1774, pamene kuchedwa zina zinali zotheka - agulupa inamangidwa, ndi kachisi chapakati pali - Catherine II analamula kuti litilangize ntchito yake ya kupanga Russian wamanga Ivanu Egorovichu Starovu. Ntchito pa zolembedwa ndi luso anatenga zaka ziwiri, ndipo mu 1776, pambuyo kukondweretsa apamwamba a polojekiti, wolemba wake anapatsidwa kasamalidwe yomanga. Mfumukazi mwini analipo pa kuika miyambo ya tchalitchi. Chikadzangotha phwandolo, nadalitsa, tinayamba kugwira ntchito.

Kutsiriza ndi kudzipereka kwa kachisi

Patangotha zaka zinayi, anauka kwa thambo awiri Anachotsa belu nsanja. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, kum'mwera, pamene chimes anaikidwa, ndi pa zina, kumpoto, anakweza trinadtsatitonny Bell, amene anali woyamba mu obisika Spain ameneŵa ndipo iye adaponyamo 1658. Ndi 1786 ntchito yomanga anamalizidwa ambiri, ndi zaka zinayi kuti watenga kuchita chokongoletsera mkati Mupatseni nthawi yoti nyumbayi wa mpweya, wopatulidwa ku tchalitchi.

Inachitika ndi chofunika kwambiri ndi kukhalapo ambiri Catherine Wamkulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pafupi Mpingo wa Annunciation ndi osaleka mfuti sawatcha Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa unasamutsidwa kusungidwa kumeneko kufikira nthawi imeneyo, siliva kachisi amene reposed woyera zotsalira za Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Kachisi - msonkho kwa ngwazi za

Kuyambira nthawi ya zomangamanga ake Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra ku St. Petersburg limabweretsa gulu otchedwa Kapitulna, ndiyo mipingo Order a. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za Order wa St. Aleksandra Nevskogo. Poyamba zoyenera malire ake anaika nsanja kum'mwera, koma 1838 linathetsedwa.

Monga chizindikiro cha ulemu wapadera kwa onse kupereka mphoto imeneyi kwa iwo mu chipinda chapadera zogundana pa tchalitchi Fedorov thupi anapeza mu 1791, ndipo kenako pakhomo la kachisi panali mpumulo wa Order za chifanocho.

Chiyambi cha nyengo okwana kulibe Mulungu

Chiyambireni cha Bolshevik ulamuliro Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa sunapewe ndondomeko expropriation chilengedwe katundu wa mpingo. Zonse, malinga ndi boma latsopano, ndiwo wa mtengo, ilo linapangidwa kuchokera pa iyo, ndipo nyumbayo anaperekedwa mu chaka Renovators palokha - oimira anaonekera pambuyo February utasintha secessionist kayendedwe pakati pa atsogoleri amene analankhula kwa "watsopano wa Mpingo" ndi kuyesa kuti mulimbane ndi Bolsheviks.

Kuyambira 1928 mpaka 1933 Woyera Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa a nthambi zosiyanasiyana za atsogoleri achipembedzo, anapita mpaka mu mbiri monga "nepominayuschie". Gulu la ansembe anakana kuphwanya akuluakulu Soviet ndi kulambira yawo mu pemphero kuti azikumbukira Metropolitan Sergio (Stargorodsky), kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi iye. Pa nthawi izo zinkawoneka ngati kupatuka zazing'ono ku mpingo wa hayala akhoza kuonedwa ndi maulamuliro monga kanthu zandale, ndi kusankha izo, ankafuna mtima chilungamo.

Temple mu zaka za ulamuliro wankhanza

Koma mu 1933 Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa amene mbiri kwakukulukulu consonant ndi mbiri ambiri a akachisi ndi mchitidwe umenewu wa nthawi, chinatsekedwa. Msonkhano wotsiriza unachitikira kumeneko pa 7 December. Nyumba tchalitchi chimatengedwa ngati mwaluso a zomangamanga mpingo, ankachitika malo mabodza. Mu nthawi wotsatira pa malo a tchalitchi linaikidwa District Nyumba Authority, yosungira ndi kowonera zakale. Iwo linathetsedwa ndi Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Utatu Cathedral anali anabwerera Orthodox anthu wamba mu 1957, koma ufulu wa tchalitchi yathu ndi proviso kuti ammudzi adzatsatila, pa ndalama zake kuti ntchito zonse zofunikira pa kukonza ake ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Mwamwayi, zaka kuyambira kutsekedwa ake, dotha tayu nsangalabwi iconostasis Pinketi abale, amene inapita patsogolo kwambiri pa kachisi. Patapita chaka chimodzi, pamene anamaliza koyamba gawo la kukonza, mpingo potsiriza wodzipereka.

chitsitsimutso n'kukhutira

Chimodzimodzi Woyera Utatu Alexander Nevsky Lavra anatsitsimuka monga obisika mpaka 1989. Ndiye ife anatenga hayala ndi kuzindikiridwa anthu, amene anamutengera posts waukulu utsogoleri, monga chuma mkulu kumidzi, ndi sacristan, confessor, ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi yomweyo ammudzi linathetsedwa, kuyang'anira zochitika zonse za Woyera Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Ichi chinali chifukwa imfa ya udindo wawo wa wodziimira tchalitchi yathu. Pomaliza, onse a nyumba kuti zinalembedwa kale agulupa zovuta anabwezedwa ansembe mu 2000.

Kachisi - chokongoletsera zovuta mapulani

Lero, St. Petersburg Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu zipilala mbiri ya mzindawo, pakati mapulani amene akuti ndi Woyera Utatu Cathedral. Yofunikayi mzikiti zomangamanga, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi awiri yaikulu belu nsanja, chimodzi cha katswiri wa classicism oyambirira. Mkati mphamvu zake pylon atatu, kugawana malo onse ndi kupereka mawonekedwe chamtanda, kuthandiza Chipilala cha nyumbayi. Loggia pakhomo waukulu lathuli Kukhonde la mizati isanu Doric.

Patsogolo ulimi mu tchalitchi ndi zojambula kupatsidwa ndi Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, ndipo kenako inalandidwa ndi Bolsheviks. Ena mwa iwo anali ntchito za ambuye ambiri m'mbuyomu. Koma ngakhale lero, Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa amene miyambo zapakati pa m'ma XVIII, ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ntchito mabwana anavomereza a luso labwino. Izo anapulumuka zina zachidule anapanga Kvarengi utoto domes ndi anawasema. Pa South ndi kumpoto pakhomo ili ziboliboli zosonyeza zochitika za Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano, ntchito za kwambiri Russian ziboliboli F. Shubin. mwapadera komanso woyeneradi utoto zitseko achifumu, anapanga ndi wotchuka ojambula zithunzi I. A. Akimovym ndi J. Mettenleyterom.

Izi ambuye zojambula ndi sculptural chokongoletsera malo mkati kachisi kwathunthu anapitiriza mzere luso wayamba ndi I. E. Starov. Utatu Cathedral wa Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa, ngakhale zomvetsa onse anapalamula iwo zaka okwana kupanduka, anali chitsanzo chapamwamba chakale Russian luso XVIII ndi XIX zaka.