Varroa njuchi: kupewa, njira mankhwala. Kuweta kwa oyamba

Varroa - amodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri ndi zosasangalatsa njuchi. Iye ananena kuti kakobiri Varroa destructor. Izi tiziromboti arthropod pa njuchi, drones, chiberekero, mphutsi ndi zikwa ndi kudya magazi awo. Chifukwa, tizilombo kufooketsa ndipo potsirizira pake kufa.

maonekedwe mite

Parasitize njuchi wamkazi yekha Varroa destructor. Amuna palibe tizilombo mavuto musati chifukwa. Manyowa yaikazi, nthawi yomweyo kufa. Kunja, ndi Varroa mite akufanana nkhanu yaing'ono (1.1 mm) a mtundu wa bulauni. The wamkazi tiziromboti izi kuboola-woyamwa mouthparts. Ndi izo, likulowerera chivundikiro chitin njuchi ndi kuyamba akuyamwitsa magazi (hemolymph). Zimafalitsidwa mudzichonga mitundu mofulumira kwambiri, kuika mazira za 0.5 mm kukula.

Njira matenda

Pakali pano, pafupifupi apiaries onse mabanja amene ali ndi tiziromboti yoopsa. Opatsirana Varroa njuchi mungathe mu njira zingapo:

• ndi kugula magulu atsopano mu mabanja ovutika;
• kudzera-akuba njuchi;
• kudzera nkhosa ndi gulu la nduna zake;
• kudzera phukusi njuchi;
• akungoyendayenda kudzera njuchi.

Kodi matenda kumaonekera

Varroatosis ngozi, mwa ena, kwagona kuti n'zovuta kudziwa pa siteji oyambirira. The mite Varroa destructor, monga tanenera kale, ali ndi kukula ochepa. Choncho, zindikirani ya majeremusi kukachitika kuti iwo kwambiri kuchuluka, n'zovuta. Mu zotupa yaikulu kwambiri kudziwa Varroa njuchi akhoza kukhala pa khalidwe la tizilombo okha. Iwo sakhala mwachangu kusonkhanitsa timadzi tokoma chotero zambiri ndewu ndi wosakhazikika. Mwa zina, komanso amachepetsa kutalika kwa moyo wawo.

Ngati mlimi satenga masitepe kuchotsa njuchi ku nthata matenda amapita ku siteji zakuya. Pa nthawi yomweyo mumng'oma adzayamba kuonekera lotereli kwambiri motley ana. About akuthamanga Varroa, mwa zina, ndipo angasonyeze wambirimbiri yonyansa njuchi yaing'ono. Ena toyesa mung'oma kachilombo Mwachitsanzo, alibe mapiko. Chizindikiro chinanso cha matenda ali adzafupikitsidwa pamimba njuchi. Mu chomaliza Varroa alowa chaka 3-4th pambuyo matenda.

zotsatira

Kukhwimitsa yoyenera ayenera kuyamba mwamsanga Varroa njuchi wapezeka. Zizindikiro za matenda, kotero - makamaka khalidwe wosakhazikika ndi zikamera wa nyerere nyama mng'oma yonyansa. mavuto obwera ndi Varroa destructor infestation chiyani?

Chotsatira choyipitsitsa cha matenda izi, ndithudi, kuchepetsa kwambiri pa zokolola za njuchi. Komanso kugwa kwa achibale a munthu wodwalayo sangathe kupanga kyubu. M'nyengo yozizira, njuchi lotereli kachilombo zambiri kufa ndi njala. Nthawi zina zimachitika ndi kuti tizilombo sakumvetsa M'malo mwake, kuukira mwachangu chakudya. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'chaka kufa chifukwa cha kutsegula m'mimba.

Kodi matenda akufotokozera

Kamodzi mng'oma, kakobiri wamkazi likulowerera selo maselo larval. Pambuyo njuchi asindikize, iye akuyamba mwachangu kudyetsa. Pa kakobiri chomwecho kutchera mazira angapo kuti kenako anatuluka ndi akazi latsopano ndi mwamuna wina. Pafupi sabata lotsiriza fertilizes alongo ndi kumwalira. The wamkazi-anayambitsa ndi majeremusi latsopano kusiya cell pambuyo kutsegula ake ndipo atapita masiku 4 kuyambitsa latsopano kupanga dzira.

Chiwerengero chachikulu cha tizilombo pamene matenda Varroa anati mu drone ana (pa nthawi 7-15 kuposa njuchi). The moyo wa akazi m'chilimwe ndi za 3 miyezi m'nyengo yozizira - 9.

Kodi kudziwa pamaso pa mite mu mng'oma

Popeza Varroa destructor sizachilendo ndipo kawirikawiri umawononga kwambiri kuti njuchi, koma yake matenda a matenda akhoza kukhala chitsimikizo kuti bwino ntchito monga njuchi. M'chaka cha ming'oma chofunika kuti itakwana. Izi siziwononga chifukwa mite, kuti asatayike. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa Kupenda ana a. Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti njuchi zinthu njira mwachizolowezi, ndipo pa mng'oma palibe nyama zakufa. Mapiko a tizilombo ayenera kukhala lonse, wathanzi. kukhalapo alumidwa kungasonyeze matenda.

Kuwonjezera mng'oma, muyenera kufufuza malo pafupi naye. Matenda chimachepa anjuchi ndi zikwa kawirikawiri kunja.

Kodi ndingatani kuchotsa ndi mite njuchi

Varroa njuchi ankachitira mu njira zosiyanasiyana. njira zonse zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri, kuchotsa ming'oma kwa alimi kakobiri ntchito mitundu yonse ya mankhwala apadera. Koma palinso mbali ya makhalidwe wochezeka mwa alimi. alimi izi kuchitira Varroa mwa njira yachibadwa. Palinso makina njira kuchotsa majeremusi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina tichotse nthata, njuchi poika wapadera kutentha chipinda kwa mphindi 15 (pa kutentha pafupifupi 47 madigiri). Komabe, njira imeneyi ndi ntchito kwambiri tima, choncho kawirikawiri ntchito. Alimi Nthawi zina excised mung'oma drone ana. Ndipotu, lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha nthata.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Monga matenda ena aliwonse a njuchi, Varroa kawirikawiri ankapatsidwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala anagula. Kuyambira ndalama zapadera za gulu alimi kawirikawiri ntchito:

• peritroidy ( "Apifit", "Apistan", "Fumisan");
• brompropilaty ( "Folbeks");
• formaniny ( "Bipin," "Anitraz", "Taktin").

Kugula zipangizo onsewa angathe kukhala mu sitolo zapaderazi "kwa alimi Katundu" kapena pa Intaneti. Mankhwala kwa zaka zingapo sangathe ntchito pa njuchi ndi. Zimenezi zimabweretsa maonekedwe cha masinthidwe atsopano kakobiri kugonjetsedwa ndi malo imeneyo. Alimi Odziwa akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njuchi zotsatirazi kamwedwe:

• Kumayambiriro ndi m'ma chilimwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe.
• Mu August, ntchito "Fumisan" kapena "Apifit".
• Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha ntchito "Bipin" kapena "Taktin".

Chithandizo varroatosis kasupe nthawi imachitika ntchito "Apifita" (1 mbale 3 khungu).

Kuchotsa mng'oma nthata ndi kovuta kwambiri pamaso hibernation. mfundo ndi yakuti pa nthawi imeneyi zazikazi umalowa mu tergites njuchi, kumene akhalebe kufikira masika. Choncho, ntchito mankhwala alibe amadza pa Iwo. Choncho, m'dzinja, tisanachite processing "Bipin" kapena "Taktinom", muyenera kugwiritsa 20% tincture la timbewu. Fungo la nthata udzu sindimakonda. Choncho, adamulowetsa ndi kusiya tergites. Pankhaniyi, majeremusi kale yokutidwa ndi mankhwala zofunika kwambiri.

"Bipin 'chifukwa njuchi: malangizo pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ndalama

mankhwala a gulu formaninov kwa kulimbana Varroa alimi ntchito zambiri kuposa formulations ena. Choncho zina amaona kuti ali ndi momwe ntchito. Waukulu yogwira thunthu "Bipin" ndi amitraz - wapadera akuchita destructively pa nkhupakupa, poizoni. Iwo atapereka wothandizila izi ampoules ndipo umaimira madzi chikasu ndi chinthu chosangalatsa fungo (monga naphthalene).

Kodi molondola ntchito "Bipin 'chifukwa njuchi? Malangizo ntchito yake losavuta kwambiri. amatanthauza amadzimadzi njira ntchito kwa processing. Last anawakonzera kusakaniza botolo limodzi (0.5 ml) mu lita imodzi ya madzi oyera. mankhwala ikuchitika ndi kuthirira melkostruynogo "misewu" kwa mng'oma (10 ml pa) kawiri pa intervals mlungu uliwonse.

mankhwala achilengedwe

Mofanana ndi iliyonse matenda ena njuchi, Varroa angathe kuchizidwa osati ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso mitundu yonse ya mankhwala achilengedwe. Kuyambira zachilengedwe, njira otetezeka kuchotsa mng'oma ku nthata angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• asidi formic acid oxalic;
• mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta (katsabola, Oil);
• zitsamba.

shuga yaikidwa kutsogolo kwa hibernation mng'oma, akatswiri amalangiza kuwonjezera zachilengedwe mankhwala CAS 81, umene ndi decoction wa chowawa ndi paini masamba. Pambuyo njuchi kudya izo, magazi awo amakhala owawa. Chifukwa, nthata kukana chabe kudya izo.

ntchito mafuta

Njira amaona kuti imathandiza, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndipo amagwira kwambiri. Mafuta zochizira njuchi zosiyanasiyana ntchito. Alimi akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, Oil mkungudza, paini, ndi zina zotero. G. Tizilombo Nthawi zambiri ankachita Mwachitsanzo, woyengedwa masamba mafuta, wothira madontho angapo a fennel kapena camphor. zikuchokera Zimenezi zimandikwana kwambiri mu nkhani iyi, ngati njuchi. tizilombo masika ayenera utsi chisakanizo cha mafuta chisanafike kukoka chimango ntchito kutsitsi wapadera. Processing kuchitika kawiri pa imeneyi ya masiku 10. Kachitatu, mafuta ntchito mu autumn, pambuyo medosbora kutsekedwa kudya 2 ga mankhwala pa chimango lapansi.

Varroatosis mankhwala akhoza kupatsidwa kwa njuchi m'chaka pamwamba kuvala ndi mafuta katsabola osokonezeka mu izo. Nthawi zina alimi komanso usavutike masika mu chipinda chapadera ndi kuuika mabanja mng'oma ndi mpope msewu.

Zokometsera ndi batala kuti lophweka. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mwa zina pamafunika pang'ono madzi (Mwachitsanzo, kupanikizana a). 10-15 mbali katsabola mafuta ndi wothira mbali 85-90 a Vaselini. Ndiyeno anawonjezera 3.2 ml ya madzi a. Nthumwi chifukwa umagwiritsidwa wogawana pa pepala pepala 2. Komanso, mmodzi wa iwo anaika pansi pa mng'oma (achire bedi m'mwamba) ndi wachiwiri anaikidwa pamwamba pa chimango lapansi. mafuta katsabola zikhoza kugulidwa ku sitolo kapena kuchita nokha. Zikatero akuchita izi 300 ga mbewu. Kenako mafuta mpendadzuwa ndi kunena kwa sabata, oyambitsa zonse. Wokonzeka njira umasefedweramo apangidwe kangapo gauze.

The ntchito asidi oxalic

Chida ichi ndi nthawi zonse zilipo mu masitolo "The katundu alimi" ndi alimi ntchito kwambiri ambiri. Ntchito oxalic asidi makamaka kwa kupopera. Pankhaniyi, chimango atachotsedwa mung'oma. Asidi lenilenilo zakonzedwa pa yankho 2% ya madzi owiritsa. Kodi zimawononga 10-12 ml ya mankhwala kwa chimango chimodzi. Musanyamule processing ayenera pa kutentha osati poyerekeza madigiri 16. Agwire kupopera kangapo pa nyengo (3-4). Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha processing kuchitike ndi uchi ikukoka ndi kudya zizindikiro zosungira lapansi. Pamene ntchito oxalic asidi nkhupakupa anayamba kuguluka kale pa tsiku 10-12. Chithandizo ikuchitika kouma. Ntchito asidi oxalic sayenera yaitali. Mu ntchito chida ichi kwa zaka zoposa zisanu zotsatizana ndi majeremusi kukhala kukana.

asidi Oxalic angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kwa kupopera, komanso fumigation ming'oma awiriawiri. Pankhaniyi, monga pamene ntchito mafuta katsabola, ntchito m'chipinda chapadera ndi mpope.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zitsamba

Monga matenda ena aliwonse a njuchi, Varroa angathe kuchizidwa ndi zitsamba. yosiyanasiyana infusions ndi decoctions ntchito, ngati iwo akufuna kuti ukhale zachilengedwe uchi. Komabe mlimi, izo amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe ayenera kukumbukira kuti iwo ali otsika zokonzekera mankhwala yogwira mtima (50%).

Mankhwalawa mite njuchi angathe kuchitidwa ntchito Mwachitsanzo, zikutanthauza monga:

• Msuzi motherwort, camomile ndi Calendula (yophika Mphindi 50). The madzi yomalizidwa anali wothira shuga manyuchi ndi chakudya njuchi kupeza zikuchokera. Gwiritsani ntchito decoction zambiri kugwa.
• Kulowetsedwa 50 g tsabola yophika malita 0.5 a madzi. Mu madzi chotentha n'kusindikiza ayenera zidzawonjezedwa pang'ono shuga manyuchi. Chida ichi ntchito monga kudya masika.
• Sprigs wa chitumbuwa zakutchire. Iwo chabe anaika pa chimango lapansi. M'malo zakutchire chitumbuwa mite akhoza kuyesa kuchotsa ntchito ya mnofu thyme.
• Softwood ufa. Iwo sprayed m'chaka, nthawi pamene mng'oma ndi ana aang'ono.

kovuta ntchito zida izi, koma n'zotheka kuchotsa matenda monga Varroa njuchi. Mankhwala mankhwala Komabe, ndi ofunika kuthera molumikizana ndi mankhwala. Izi tichotse nthata ndi posachedwapa.

akuchiritsa

Chithandizo njuchi ku varroatosis njira imeneyi kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri. Kutentha mankhwala - ndi wochezeka koma ndi njira zokwanira ndi ntchito-kwambiri. Kuchita njirayi zambiri kugwa. Linapangidwa motere:

• The notches m'munsi 10 akudyetsedwa ku chitukumula wosuta.
• Kutseka taphole, ndi mng'oma analowa mu firiji amene ali pang'ono kuposa msewu (koma osapitirira 12 madigiri).
• Kuchotsedwa mafelemu mng'oma.
• Njuchi agwedezeka pamodzi ndi chiberekero mu makaseti mwa nyuzi a.
• makaseti chatsekedwa. Njuchi ndi moyo kwa mphindi 15.
• makaseti amasungidwa osamba usavutike. The firiji ayenera kukhala wolimba ndi kusunga pa madigiri 47.

Pa processing, ndi makaseti ayenera zimayenda ndi kugwedezeka, osalola kuti njuchi anakumbatirana mu mpira. Pambuyo 15 njuchi ikuchitika a kusamba. Mu chipinda kumene kunali njuchi, tepi asungidwe kwa mphindi zina 15. tizilombo Komanso anatsanulira ku mafelemu zapitazi, ndipo anapereka kwa mng'oma. Pambuyo njuchi apumule, pakhomo pansi lidzatsegulidwa 8 cm. Patatha ola limodzi mpaka amachepetsa chofunika pa nthawi ino, kukula.

Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala a njuchi unachitikira mu kusamba varroatosis masika chachiwiri. Kuchita mu nthawi ino, masiku asanu pambuyo flyby choyamba.

kupewa

Monga matenda ena ambiri njuchi, Varroa kuchitira kovuta. Zimakhala zosavuta kuyesa kupewa malowedwe nthata mu mng'oma. Kuteteza zikuphatikizapo ntchito zotsatirazi:

• unsembe Special mu ming'oma protivovarroatoznogo pansi;
• akugwira kuyeretsa njuchi (kuchotsa owonjezera udzu zinyalala ejected ana, etc ...);
• ntchito kukonzekera mwapadera (mwachitsanzo, amatanthauza "Thymol");
• Unsembe mu ming'oma mafelemu ndi zisa;
• Association of mabanja ofooka ndi zina zotero. D.

Kuteteza varroatosis iyenera kuchitikira pa apiaries kutero. Komanso, mlimi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti njuchi mulibe kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a mitundu yonse comorbidities, bango ofalitsidwa.

Kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo

Magazi woyamwa mite Varroa destructor imafoola njuchi, moti wotaya umoyo wake ndipo potsirizira pake amafa. Komabe, si anthu awononga chifukwa cha tiziromboti izi. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, ugliness wa njuchi kuonekera makamaka chifukwa chakuti akazi Varroa destructor kupatsira iwo onse tizilombo zoipa. Izi zikhoza kukhala Mwachitsanzo, HIV kupsyinjika ya phiko kapena pachimake ziwalo.

Kupewa mtundu wa matenda makamaka kulandira amayesetsa kusintha chitetezo cha m'thupi la njuchi. Nthawi zambiri, eni apiaries ntchito Mwaichi, Mwachitsanzo, kudyetsa ndi paini Tingafinye. Komanso ndemanga zabwino ngati njira patsogolo chitetezo chokwanira, pali "Endoglyukin" kukonzekera.

Pomaliza

Monga mukuonera, Varroa njuchi - matenda ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mulinso njira chiwonongeko cha mudzichonga ndi ayenera kumwedwa zizindikiro loyamba la matenda. Apo ayi, mlimi kuyembekezera osati zomvetsa yaikulu kugwirizana ndi kuchepa limbika zokolola za njuchi. Ngati nthendayo anayamba, banja zitha kutaya.