Aquaculture - madera awiri lalikulu madzi oyera ndi m'madzi

Masiku ano ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa chikhalidwe. Nyumba odzitukumula kwa nthawi yaitali sizongoyerekezera koma zenizeni. Ngati mukufuna - angapatutse vuto la mtsinje, kumwazikana mitambo, kukula ndi gulu lonse la nkhosa Dolly. Ndipo mtundu nsomba ... Aquaculture - mzere wa zinthu zimene anthu adzalandira zaka zinayi zikwi zapitazo. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba (ziwiri pachimake) madzi oyera malangizo. Koma wachiwiri - mariculture (m'madzi) - katswiri kuposa zaka.

Akulowa wodzala mullet ...

Pa nsomba "m'minda" munthu recreates zinthu zimene zingathe kawetedwe ndi kukula zamoyo za m'madzi. ndondomeko chikuphatikizapo mkombero zonse kapena gawo chabe la izo (malingana ndi ntchito). Akukhulupirira kuti aquaculture - ndi brainchild a China, umene uli kale zaka 3750 zapitazo analenga madzi oyera amatunga ndi kuswana nsomba iwo.

A pokha pa "moyo siliva". Ndi malonda ndi ang'onoang'ono. mwachangu Noncommodity zambiri kudyetsedwa kwa ng'ombe, nkhuku. Munthu amagwiritsa chodyera (chofunika). Izo ziri zodziwika bwino kuti Chinese mwakula osiyanasiyana apamwamba 'nyama chachiwiri "kumbuyo mu 1120 BC. Anasunga zokhudza woyamba phunziro kwa novice obereketsa a inakhala m'madzi. "Buku" analemba dzino Li (China) mu 599 BC. e.

Zothandiza m'madzi ofiira algae (wofiirira), edible bivalve m'madzi molluscs (nkhono), mamazelo ngale (ngale, mkati limene mwala ikukula), ray-finned yummy (mullet) pa dziko la wolemba nambala 1 wamkulu theka Zakachikwi zapitazo.

Mu Magombe, inlets, mathamandawa

Kenako aquaculture kuchita mu Mesopotamia, m'chigwa pakati pa mitsinje uwiri - Tigirisi ndi Firate. Aquaculture - choncho, ndi bwino kuti Aiguputo akale, Aroma ndi Agiriki, komanso dziko zina. Pa gombe Mediterranean nthawi imene anali wa Roma, mullet "kupanga yekha" ankathamanga pa mathamandawa wodzazidwa ndi madzi brackish.

Anthu a zilumba ambiri Pacific, monga mosungiramo kwa m'minda yake nsomba ntchito kumalo, coves. Pools ndi kuwetedwa nsomba mu Hawaii analipo m'zaka za m'ma XV. amatunga yokumba anasiyanitsidwa ndi nyanja ndi makoma ndi madamu.

Akuti zana limodzi makumi asanu asanu ndi anayi nyumba ngati "anapulumuka" mpaka 1900. Amadziwika kuti Japanese sitima zapamadzi "mabizinezi zaulimi" wobala oysters, Seaweed, scallops cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri.

Carp obisika ndipo osati

Russian aquaculture amabwerera m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri-chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu. chidwi pachiyambi anakopeka wodzichepetsa Hardy carp. Woyamba carp minda adanyamuka mchitidwe, ndipo anakumana ndi mayiwe m'dziko la landlords ndi kumene mu boma.

Buku lonse la mankhwala nsomba anthu mowa lalikulu. Theka la izo - aquaculture wamkulu kusamalira manja a anthu. Kuwaza makampani chitukuko imagwera pa makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri. Malinga Food and Agriculture Organization wa United Nations (FAO), akulimidwa mozungulira mitundu mazana anayi makumi asanu ndi subspecies nsomba, kuphatikizapo nkhanu, molluscs, algae ndi zamoyo zina za m'madzi amene ali mtengo wapatali zakudya.

Dziwani ndi kukupezani

Kwa zaka zambiri mtsogoleri yamphamvu ya mzere aquaculture mankhwala ndi nsomba matupi madzi oyera. Kenako mollusks, nkhanu, yokambirana (diadromous) nsomba, potsiriza, osiyana apanyanja "mlongo" ndi nyama zina za m'madzi.

Aquaculture - kumakhalanso wolemera mitundu mlingo. Ngati inu kuchifotokoza icho, likukhalira kuti ambiri wamkulu carp. lachiwiri mu carp udzu, wachitatu akugwirizira carp. Pakati pa invertebrates mu mariculture otchuka pakati pa ogula ndi bivalves, makamaka nkhono. Pankhani nkhono, ndiye pali angatsutse ukulu wa nkhanu woyera, kenako kambuku ndi Chinese mitten nkhanu.

Aliyense mphamvu nsomba yokha anafotokoza pachokha ndi kuchuluka kulima malonda chuma m'madzi zamoyo koma onsewo - atsogoleri makampani, mwa mayiko ena. Kupatulapo - Peru ndi Russia. Russian aquaculture ndi pa siteji oyambirira chitukuko. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye sanali kulabadira zokwanira.

Kunja zoni kupatulana

China, zomwe ife otchulidwa pa chiyambi, amakula 70 peresenti ya nsomba ndi nsomba madzi oyera. Chotero mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha makampani m'mayiko ena chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Makamaka mu 1980s munali "zachilendo" a m'madera apanyanja kupitirira nyanja Kupititsa ndi pafupi icho (mpaka 200 miles) mu malamulo adziko lonse lapansi.

danga umenewu wakhala gawo lina lapadera boma malamulo (yekha zone zachuma). Zinali zoonekeratu kuti "moyo siliva" amene akukula pansi pa mtsinje ndi malo nyanja, ndi exhaustible. Other ntchito - aquaculture, kumene zinthu zothandizira nthawi zonse ndipo mwamsanga achire.

Zochitika atsopano apangidwa m'njira yake m'dera la kulima mafakitale mitengo yofunika kwambiri ya umisiri nsomba, algae, mollusks (zinthu malonda). N'zoona kuti kuwerengetsa msanga zinachititsa kuti muzigwirizana: monga mukudziwa, mtengo wa tani imodzi mankhwala nsomba chongopeka opangidwa m'munsimu mtengo mtengo wa nyama, m'minda madzi waphindu kuposa minda (minda).

chitukuko akupitiriza

Amadziwika kuti anthu Dziko Lapansi ukuwonjezeka, choncho vuto chakudya ndi kulimbikitsa okha. Madzi chuma akuwonetseredwa okha ali ndi tsogolo lowala, kupereka zikwi za anthu ndi ntchito wapatali. M'mayiko monga China, India, Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, etc .., Kodi anthu kachulukidwe ndi mkulu ndiponso ntchito otsika, ndi lenileni chipulumutso. Kuti iwo akhala atsogoleri chitukuko cha aquaculture.

Kale mu Mipingo ya atumwi wotsiriza mu Japan, anthu zikwi mazana atatu ntchito mu minda m'madzi malonda, wobala tonnes miliyoni nsomba pa chaka. Mu China, madzi munda anthu mazana awiri zikwi amene anakulira matani asanu katundu wofunika ntchito.

Ndi digiri ya zipangizo zaulimi pa kulima malonda a zamoyo ndinazolowera moyo mu madzi (m'madzi), ndi zosiyana. Mu Norway, UK, Finland ndi olemera m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya, mkulu mlingo wa mayendedwe zokha. Mu Asia, chogwidwa ndi ntchito yamanja.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, chuma m'madzi ndi aquaculture amalola kukhala wolimba eyiti peresenti ya anthu padziko lonse - ogwira ntchito ndi amadalira makampani - mabanja awo. Mogwirizana kufunika kwa malangizo a chitukuko, tinganene kuti mu zaka kudza adzapitiriza chitukuko cha aquaculture.