Vincent Van Gogh: yonena za wojambula lalikulu. Van Goga moyo, chidwi mfundo ndi zilandiridwenso

Vincent Van Gogh, amene anapereka dziko lake "mpendadzuwa" ndi "nyenyezi Night", anali mmodzi mwa ojambula zithunzi chachikulu munthawi zonse. Small manda kumidzi French anakhala malo manda ake. Iye anagona tulo mpaka kalekale pakati pa malo amene adzatsale pa awo zojambula wotchuka. Van Gogh - wojambula, amene sizidzaiwalika. Chifukwa cha luso iye nsembe zonse ...

A talente wapadera, amapatsidwa chikhalidwe cha

"Mtundu uli chinthu nthetemya okondweretsa". M'mawu amenewa anali namatetule kulenga. Komanso, iye wanzeru ndi tcheru. Kuya ndi kalembedwe moyo wa munthu uyu zambiri kutanthauziridwa molakwika. Van Gogh, amene yonena za chofufuzidwa pafupi ndi mibadwo yambiri, ndi mlengi wa osadziwika mu mbiri ya luso.

Choyamba, owerenga ayenera kumvetsa kuti Vincent - si yekha amene anapita wamisala ndipo anadzipha yekha. Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti Van Gogh namdula khutu lake, ndi munthu - kuti iye anajambula angapo zojambula wa mpendadzuwa. Koma anthu ochepa kwambiri amene akumvetsa zimene talenti wogwidwa Vincent momwe mphatso yapadera chopatsika mwa chibadwa.

Sad kubadwa kwa wolenga wamkulu

March 30, 1853 kudula mwa chete kulira kwa khanda. Mwana yaitali anabadwira mu banja Anny Kornelii ndi m'busa Theodore Van Gogh. Izo zinachitika chaka cha imfa ya mwana wawo woyamba, amene anafa maola angapo pambuyo pa kubadwa. Pa kalembera wa mwana anapatsidwa deta chomwecho ndi mwana yaitali anapatsidwa dzina la mwana otaika - Vinsent Vilyam.

Choncho m'chipululu kumidzi kumwera kwa Netherlands anayamba Saga wa mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka wa dziko. kubadwa kwake anali kugwirizana ndi zachisoni. Zinali mwana pakati pambuyo pa imfa kowawa, anabadwa kuchokera kwa anthu amene adakali maliro ake akufa woyamba.

Childhood Vincent

Lamlungu lililonse, wofiira tsitsi, freckled mnyamata amapita ku tchalitchi, pamene iye anamvetsera ulaliki wa mayi ake. bambo ake anali mtumiki wa Dutch tchalitchi, ndi Vincent Van Gogh anakulira malinga ndi mfundo za maphunziro anatengera m'mabanja achipembedzo.

Mu nthawi ya Vincent panali ulamuliro osalembedwa. Mwana wamkulu ayenera kutsatira mapazi a bambo wake. Kotero kuti izo zichitike. Izi akusokoneza katundu wolemetsa pa mapewa a achinyamata Van Gogh. Ngakhale mnyamata anakhala pew kumvera ulaliki wa bambo ake, ankadziwa bwinobwino zimene ankayembekezera. Ndipo, ndithudi, pamene Vincent Van Gogh, amene yonena sichinayambe kugwirizana ndi luso losiyanasiyana, sankadziwa kuti mafanizo Baibulo bambo ake kukongoletsa m'tsogolo.

Pakati pa luso ndi mtima achipembedzo

Mpingo wotanganidwa kwambiri pa moyo wa Vincent amagwiritsa akuthandiza kwambiri. Kukhala munthu tcheru ndi n'zaka, iye adanthunthumira moyo wake wonse pakati pa zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo ndi ludzu luso.

Mu 1857 iye anabadwa mbale wake Theo. Palibe anyamata anali anaganiza kuti Theo adzakhala kumathandiza kwambiri pamoyo Vincent a. Anakhala osangalala masiku ambiri. Long amayenda pakati minda yapafupi ndi ankadziwa njira yonse yozungulira.

Young talente Vincent

Nature m'madera akumidzi a kumidzi, kumene anabadwira ndi kukulira Vinsent Van Gogh, kenako amakhala ulusi wofiira kuthamanga kudutsa luso lake onse. Ntchito ya wamba anasiya kwambiri pa moyo wake. Iye anayamba chikondi maganizo a moyo wakumudzi, kulemekeza anthu a m'dera lino ndi wonyada wa m'dera lawo. Ndipotu, Adawachita moyo moona mtima ndiponso mwakhama.

Vincent Van Gogh anali munthu amene anakonda zonse kuchita ndi chikhalidwe. Iye anawona kukongola mu zonse. The mnyamata nthawi zambiri ankafotokoza ndipo anachita ndi kumverera koteroko ndi chidwi tsatanetsatane, nthawi zambiri yodziwika ndi zaka msinkhu. Iye anasonyeza luso ndi luso la wojambula odziwa. Vincent analidi wamphatso.

Kulankhulana ndi mayi ndi chikondi chake cha luso

mayi Vincent a Anna Cornelia anali mmisiri zabwino ndiponso kulimbikitsa mwana wake kukonda chikhalidwe. Iye zambiri akuyenda yekha, kusangalala ndi bata ndi mtendere minda chachikulu ndi ngalande. Pamene analamula anagwa chifunga, Van Gogh anabwerera ku nyumba yabwino, kumene kuli zabwino kuthetheka moto ndipo akuchita izi kwa kugunda kwa kuluka masingano mayi ake.

Iye ankakonda luso ndi anachititsa makalata kwambiri. Kuti anatengera chizolowezi Vincent. Iye analemba makalata ku mapeto a masiku ake. Chifukwa ichi Van Gogi, amene yonena chakhala kuyezedwa ndi akatswiri pambuyo pa imfa yake, akhoza osati zakukhosi kwawo, komanso recreate zambiri zochitika za moyo wake.

Mayi ndi mwana maola yaitali pamodzi. Iwo anafotokoza pensulo ndi mitundu, anali kukambirana yaitali nkhani za kaphatikizidwe chikondi chawo cha luso ndi chilengedwe. The bambo, azungu anali mu ofesi yake, kukonza Sunday ulaliki mu mpingo.

moyo wakumudzi kuchokera ndale

The yokongola nyumba Zundert makonzedwe zoyenera kutsogolo kwa nyumba yawo. Kamodzi Vincent utoto likulu la nyumba, kuyang'ana kunja kuchipinda zenera lake, inali pansi pamwamba. Kenako, iye mobwerezabwereza anasonyeza kuti powonekera, aona kuchokera zenera ili. Kuyang'ana kanjedza wake luso nyengo, munthu sangathe kukhulupirira kuti iye anali zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zokha.

Mosiyana ndi zoyembezereka za atate wake, mnyamatayo tichotseretu kumulakalaka kujambula ndi chikhalidwe. Iye anasonkhanitsa ochititsa chidwi tizilombo ndi kudziwa momwe iwo ankadziwikanso Latin. Posachedwa anakhala mabwenzi Ivy ndi Moss yonyowa wandiweyani nkhalango. Pa mtima anali oona dziko mnyamata, njira kuphunzira Zundert, kugwira tadpoles akhongwe.

Van Goga moyo anachotsa ndale, nkhondo, ndi zinthu zina zonse mu dziko. dziko wake unakhazikitsidwa mozungulira mitundu okongola, chidwi, mabuku yolimbikitsa ndi mitunda ululu.

Kulankhulana ndi achinyamata kapena kunyumba wophunzitsidwa?

Mwatsoka, pa ubwenzi wapadera ndi chilengedwe chake anali wotayika pakati pa ana ena m'mudzimo. Iye sanali otchuka. Anyamata ena ambiri anali ana a anthu wamba, wokondedwa chisokonezo moyo wakumudzi. Tcheru ndi kumva Vincent, amene anali ndi chidwi mabuku ndi chirengedwe, kodi sizikugwirizana mu dziko lawo.

Moyo pa achinyamata Van Gogh sizinali zophweka. Makolo ndi nkhawa anyamata ena zotsatira zoipa khalidwe lake. Ndiye, mwatsoka, Theodore m'busa tinapeza kuti mphunzitsi Vincent chidwi kwambiri kumwa, kenako makolo anga anaganiza kuti mwana ayenera kuchotsa mphamvu zoterozo. Kwa zaka khumi mnyamata wachikulire kuphunzira kunyumba, kenako bambo anga anaganiza kuti anafunika kupeza maphunziro aakulu.

pophunzitsidwa zina: chiphaso sukulu

Young Van Gogh mbiri, mfundo zosangalatsa ndi moyo ndi chidwi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu lero, anatumiza 1864 ku sukulu yogonera komweko mu Zevenbergene. Ndi m'mudzi waung'ono ili pafupi mailosi makumi awiri ndi asanu kuchokera kunyumba. Koma Vincent zinali kumalekezero ena a dziko. Mnyamatayo anali atakhala ophimba pafupi ndi makolo, ndi ikuluikulu pafupi khoma yogonera komweko, m'pamenenso zinkandivuta kwambiri mumtima mwake. Posachedwapa polekanitsa ndi mabanja awo.

Vincent moyo lonse lidzakhala yaitali kunyumba kwake. Kudzipatula kwa banja chatsalira mu moyo wake umboni waukulu. Van Gogh anali munthu wophunzira mwana ndipo anatambasula chidziwitso. Pa maphunziro ake ku sukulu yogonera komweko anasonyeza kukonda kwambiri m'zinenero, ndiyeno anali wofunika kwambiri kwa iye mu moyo. Vincent momasuka analankhula analemba French, English, Dutch ndi German. Choncho nthawi ubwana wake galimoto Gogh. Mwachidule yonena za zaka zake zoyambirira sanathe kupatsira makhalidwe onse amene anaika ku ubwana kwambiri ndipo kenako mukopedwe tsoka la chithunzicho.

Maphunzilo ku Tilburg, kapena nkhani zosokoneza zimene zinachitikira mnyamata

Mu 1866, mnyamata zaka khumi ndi zitatu, ndi maphunziro a kupulayimale zinatha. Vincent wakhala kwambiri mnyamatayo, mu maso ake amene awerenga wopandamalire kukhumba. Iwo anatumiza kutali kuchoka kunyumba Tilburg. Iye akuyamba maphunziro boma chiphaso sukulu. Apa, Vincent anali koyamba moyo mzinda.

Pa kuphunzira luso anali allocated maola anayi pa sabata, umene panthawi imeneyo unali m'chipani. Iye anaphunzitsa phunziro ili Bambo Haysmans. Iye anali katswiri wa zojambulajambula ndi patsogolo nthawi yake. Monga chitsanzo cha ntchito za wophunzira ake, ntchito mafano a anthu ndi nyama choyika zinthu mkati. Aphunzitsiwo amalimbikitsa ana chilakolako kujambula mitunda ndi ngakhale anatenga ana pa chikhalidwe.

Zonse zinayenda bwino ndipo Vincent mosavuta Mwapambana mayeso chaka choyamba. Koma pa chaka chamawa china chake chalakwika. Van Gogh mtima kuphunzira ndi ntchito wasintha kwambiri. Choncho, March 1868, anasiya sukulu pakati pa maphunziro ndi akuchokera. Amene anapulumuka sukulu ya Tilburg Vincent Van Gogh? Mwachidule yonena za nthawi imeneyi, mwatsoka, si mfundo iliyonse pa izo. Komabe, zinthu izi anasiya umboni kwambiri moyo wa mnyamatayo.

Kusankha moyo

Mu moyo wa Vincent anabwera chete kwa nthaŵi yaitali. Kunyumba, anakhala khumi ndi miyezi, osati kufika kusankha munthu kapena njira ina moyo. Pamene iye anali sikisitini, iye ankafuna kuti ntchito yake kuti adzipereke moyo wake wonse. Masiku anali wachabechabe, iye anali kupeza cholinga. Makolo kudziwa kuti chinachake chiyenera kuchitidwa, ndi Anapempha thandizo m'bale wa bambo ake omwe, amene amakhala ku The Hague. Iye anatsogolera luso malonda mwamphamvu ndi akhoza kukonza Vincent ntchito yake. Mfundo imeneyi anali ndi luso.

Ngati mnyamata aonetsere cangu, adzakhala wolowa amalume ake wolemera, amene analibe ana awoawo. Vincent wotopa ndi moyo mumasangalala nawo m'nyumba zawo wokondwa kuti atumizidwe kwa The Hague, Netherlands Administrative cent. M'chaka cha 1869 Van Gogh, amene yonena tsopano chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi luso, iye anayamba ntchito yake.

Vincent anakhala wantchito pakampaniyo, "Goupil". wakeyo ankakhala ku France ndi ntchito anasonkhana wa sukulu Barbizon aluso. Ngakhale m'dziko lino kusiya zokongola ndi. Van Goga amalume analota za maonekedwe a ojambula zithunzi izi mu Netherlands. Iye akukhala ndi bwana wa Hague School. Vincent nawo mwayi timudziwe bwino ambiri ojambula pamanja.

Art - chinthu chachikulu mu moyo

Bwino ndi zochitika za kampaniyo, Van Gogh anali kuphunzira kukambirana ndi makasitomala. Ndipo pamene Vincent anali wantchito wamng'ono, iye kukatenga zovala kubwera mu zikutipatsa anthu pogwira ntchito wapakhomo. Mnyamata ouziridwa dziko lake la chisunzo. Mmodzi wa amisiri wa sukulu Barbizon anali Jean Fransua Mille. kupenta wake "The Gleaners" anapeza Echo mu moyo wa Vincent. Iwo wakhala ngati chizindikiro kwa wojambula pa mapeto a moyo. Mapira ankafotokozedwa wamba pa ntchito m'njira yapadera, imene inali pafupi kwambiri Van Gogu.

Mu 1870, Vincent anakumana ndi Anton Mauve, amene kenako amakhala bwenzi lake lapamtima. Van Gogh anali laconic, chosungikira munthu, sachedwa kuvutika maganizo. Iye modzipereka chisoni anthu amene ndi mwayi mu moyo zosakwana iye. Vincent zinali zofunika kwambiri zokhudza ulaliki bambo ake. Patapita tsiku, anapita kwa pandekha mu zamulungu.

chilakolako wina anali mabuku Van Goga. Iye ndi chidwi ndi mbiri French ndi ndakatulo komanso kukhala kuonera olemba English. Mu March 1871, Vincent akutembenukira khumi. Ndi nthawi iyi iye anaona kuti luso - mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo wake. mng'ono wake Theo panthawi imeneyo anali khumi, ndipo iye anapita pa tchuthi Vincent. Ulendo anasiya kwambiri pa onse.

Iwo ngakhale analonjeza kuti iwo kusamalira wina ndi mnzake ndi moyo wanu wonse, zivute zitani. Kuyambira nthawi limayamba makalata yogwira anachita Theo galimoto Gogh. Wambiri mwa chithunzicho kenako kubwezeretsanso zofunika zikomo mfundo kuti makalata amenewa. Mpaka lero wafika 670 mauthenga Vincent.

Ulendo wa ku London. An sitepe yofunika ya moyo

Vincent unachitikira mu zaka Hague anayi. Ndi nthawi yopita pa tsogolo. Kuti tiwonana anzanga ndi anzake, iye anali wokonzeka kusiya kwa London. Mbali imeneyi ya moyo idzakhala zofunika kwambiri. Posachedwa Vincent anakakhala ku likulu English. Nthambi ya kotheratu "Goupil" inali mu mtima wa chigawo malonda. M'misewu anakula chestnuts ndi nthambi kufalikira. Van Gogh anakonda mitengo ndi amatchulidwa mu makalata ake ku banja lake.

Patatha mwezi umodzi, ankadziwa English wakulitsidwa. zaluso mbuye chidwi, iye ankakonda Gainsborough ndi Turner, koma iye anakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa luso amene timamukonda The Hague. Kusamalira, Vincent amayendapo wa nyumba, anatengedwa ndi iye "Goupil" m'dera msika, ndi rents chipinda latsopano zamunthawi ya Victoria kunyumba.

Iye ankakonda kukhala ndi Mai Ursula. The Hostess anali mkazi wamasiye. Iye ndi mwana wake Eugenia m'manja zipinda naintini ndipo anali kuphunzitsa, kuti mwanjira apeze zosoŵa zawo. Pa nthawi Vincent anayamba kumva ndi mmene amakondera kwambiri Eugene, koma silinena iwo. Choncho iye akanakhoza kulemba kokha mayi awo.

Aakulu maganizo mantha

Dickens anali mmodzi wa anthu otchuka a Vincent. Iye anakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi imfa ya wolemba, ndipo iye anasonyeza ululu wake onse wophiphiritsa chithunzi, anapanga posachedwapa zitachitika wotelo. Icho chinali chithunzi cha mpando chopanda kanthu. Van Gogh zojambula zomwe akhala bwino kudziwika, watikoka wambirimbiri mipando zimenezi. Kwa iye, unakhala chizindikiro cha chisamaliro anthu.

Vincent limafotokoza Chaka choyamba London monga mmodzi wa okondwa kwambiri. Iye anali mu chikondi chilichonse ndipo komabe akulakalaka Eugenia. Anapata mtima wake. Van Gogh anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kuti asangalatse mkazi wake, kupereka thandizo ake pankhani zosiyanasiyana. Patapita nthawi, Vincent akadali anavomereza mtsikana maganizo ake ndipo ananena kuti iwo ayenera kukwatiwa. Koma Eugene anati iye anakana, monga kale mobisa chinkhoswe. Van Gogh kwambiri. loto lake la chikondi unatha.

Iye anapitiriza yekha, sananene zambiri pa ntchito ndi kunyumba. Ndinayamba kuda kumeneko. Zenizeni m'moyo achititsa Vincent katundu maganizo nkhonya. Iye amayamba kukoka kachiwiri, ndipo mtundu wa kumathandiza kupeza mtendere ndi zinthu zina kuchokera ku maganizo opweteka ndi chipwirikiti, amene wakhala Van Gogh. Chithunzi pang'onopang'ono kuchiritsa moyo wa wojambula. Maganizo anali odzipereka mu zilandiridwenso. Iye anapita ku dera lina ndi ofanana mitundu kulenga.

kusintha kwa chilengedwe. Paris ndi kubwerera kunyumba

Vincent wakhala pawekha. Ndinayamba kumvetsera kwambiri opemphapempha msewu ndi moyo wopemphapempha mu nyumba zauve wa London, ndipo kunandithandiza maganizo ake. Iye ankafuna kusintha chinachake. Kuntchito, iye anasonyeza mphwayi, amene anali kwambiri kusokoneza ulamuliro wake.

Anaganiza kuti amutume kwa Paris nthambi ya mwamphamvu kuti kusintha zinthu, ndipo mwina kuthetsa maganizo. Koma ngakhale kumeneko, Van Gogh analephera kuti achire kusungulumwa ndi kale mu 1877 pamene anabwerera kwawo ku ntchito wansembe mpingo, kusiya kuziyeneleza kukhala wojambula.

Patapita chaka chimodzi, Van Gogh analandira molunjika mu Anthuwa m'mudzimo. Iyo ndi ntchito wosayamika. Moyo wa Anthuwa anali pa chizindikiro ziboliboli. Iye anafuna kugawana cholandira chawo, ndipo anayamba kuvala ngati iwowo. oimira mpingo ankafunitsitsa khalidwe lake, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri iye anachotsedwa ofesi. Koma nthawi imene m'mudzi, anakhudzidwa opindulitsa. Moyo mwa Anthuwa ndi anagalamuka ku Vincente talente wapadera, ndipo iye anayamba kujambula kachiwiri. Iye analenga nambala yaikulu zina zachidule amuna ndi akazi yanyamula matumba a malasha. Van Gogh tinaganiza ndekha kukhala wojambula. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo amayamba nthawi watsopano mu moyo wake.

Zonse ayi maganizo ndi kubwerera kunyumba

Wojambula Van Gogh, amene yonena akutchula mobwerezabwereza kuti makolo anakana kum'patsa ndalama chifukwa kusakhazikika mu ntchito yake, anali wopemphapempha. Iye anayamba kuthandiza wamng'ono m'bale Theo, amene anali nawo pa malonda a zojambula mu Paris. Patapita zaka zisanu, Vincent patsogolo luso lake. Ndalama okwanira m'bale, iye amayenda kwa Netherlands. Kupanga zina zachidule, iye akupereka mu mafuta ndi watercolors.

Pofuna kupeza kalembedwe awo kupenta, mu 1881, Van Gogh amapatsidwa The Hague. Apa iye rents nyumba pafupi ndi nyanja. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ubale yaitali chithunzicho ndi zachilengedwe. Mu nthawi ya kusimidwa ndi maganizo a chikhalidwe ndi gawo la moyo wa Vincent. Iye anali mwini wake wa kulimbana kukhalapo kwa iye. Iye analibe ndalama, kawirikawiri ankayenda njala. Makolo sagwirizana chifanizo cha moyo chithunzicho, monga anachoka kwa iye.

Theo kubwera kwa The Hague ndi akunyengerera m'bale wake kubwerera kwawo. Pa zaka makumi atatu, osauka ndi zonse okhumudwa Van Gogi akadzafika panyumba ya makolo ake. Pali iye limakonza msonkhano waung'ono ndipo anatengedwa kuchita zina zachidule wa m'deralo ndi nyumba. Nthawi imeneyi, phale lake Aletsedwa. Van Goga zojambula kubwera mu malankhulidwe onse imvi bulauni. M'nyengo yozizira, anthu nthawi zambiri, ndi wojambula umagwiritsa iwo monga zitsanzo zawo.

Inali pa nthawi imeneyi ntchito Vincent a kuoneka zina zachidule manja kwa alimi ndi anthu kusonkhanitsa mbatata. "The Mbatata okudya" - woyamba lalikulu Van Gogh kupenta, analemba mu 1885, pa usinkhu wa zaka makumi awiri. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala ndi manja a anthu. Amphamvu, anazolowera ntchito m'minda kukolola. talente ziboliboli potsiriza resurfaced.

Impressionism ndi Van Gogh. chithunzi kudziona chithunzi

Mu 1886, Vincent akadzafika mu Paris. Ndalama, iye akupitiriza kudalira m'bale wake. Pano, likulu la zojambulajambula, Van Goga kukwapula azimuth watsopano - ndi Impressionists. Pakubwera wojambula latsopano. Iwo amalenga kuchuluka chachikulu odzipatsa zithunzi, mitunda ndipo zithunzi za tsiku ndi tsiku. phale lake komanso kusintha, koma kusintha waukulu anali kulemba njira. Tsopano akusendera mizere otalikirana, zikwapu lalifupi ndi madontho.

Cold ndi wachisoni yozizira 1887 bwanji udindo wa wojambula, ndipo kachiwiri kuvutika maganizo a. Nthawi imene ku Paris, anali kusokoneza kwambiri Vincent, koma ankaona kuti nthawi anasonkhanitsanso mu njira. Iye anapita kum'mwera kwa France, kuchigawo chimenechi. Apa, Vincent akuyamba kulemba ngati munthu wogwidwa. phale wake mwadzaza mitundu yowala. Kumwamba buluu, yowala chikasu ndipo lalanje. Zotsatira zake zinali mitundu yowutsa mudyo nsalu kudzera amene chithunzicho anatchuka kwambiri.

Van Gogh ankadwala kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kwambiri. Iye ankaona kuti ndi wamisala. matenda ochuluka mukopedwe ntchito yake. Mu 1888, Theo anakopa Gauguin, amene Van Gogh anali mu ubale wabwino kwambiri, kupita kukaona mchimwene wake. Paulo anakhala miyezi Vincent ziwiri zazikulu. Kawirikawiri kukangana, ndi Van Gogh kamodzi amalimbana M'minda ndi tsamba mu dzanja lake. Posakhalitsa, Vincent anachititsa kuvulala kwa Iye yekha mwa nadula khutu lake. Iye anatumidwa ku chipatala. Icho chinali chimodzi cha kuukira zamphamvu misala.

Posakhalitsa, July 29, 1890, Vincent Van Gogh anafa, anadzipha. Iye anakhala moyo umphawi, kuda ndi kudzipatula, ndi kukhala yosadziwika wojambula. Koma tsopano adzalemekezedwa lonse. Vincent anakhala nthano, ndipo ntchito yake mukopedwe mibadwo wotsatira aluso.