Viola Wittrock: mbali ndi gulu munda

Ofatsa woyengedwa viola, zokhudza banja wotchuka violet, monga amadziwika onse kuti n'zosatheka kupeza munthu amene si bwino chomera, umene Russia amatchedwa "pansies". Kukula maluwa aliyense. oimira Wild wa mtundu uwu - zomera wamkulu, wamba zambiri m'mapiri a kotentha mabacteria nyengo ya kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, panali zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo. Panali kwa mitundu mazana asanu ndi awiri ena a iwo ali kuderako m'madera ena Mwachitsanzo, pali mitundu imapezeka mu South America Andes, ndi subtropical Brazil, nkhalango ya Australia kapena ku New Zealand.

M'zaka za m'ma 16 izo nakulitsa violet onunkhira, ndiye phiri. Azungu anadziwa maganizo, ikutchedwa ndi viola Wittrock ndipo uli wosakanizidwa zomera atatu - chikasu viola, galu ndi Altai, m'zaka 19. Lero, munda umenewu wakhala ngati ano, pali mazana angapo mitundu ndi mitundu ndi zokongoletsa minda yokongola ndi malo m'mayiko onse European. Tiyeni tikambirane za chikhalidwe, zokonda zake, ndi makhalidwe a chisamaliro kulima.

Viola Wittrock: mtundu malongosoledwe

Izi violet otchuka - ndi osatha, biennial kapena pachaka herbaceous zomera, kufika 15-30 masentimita mu msinkhu, ndi dongosolo fibrous mizu ndi kutsogolera kuthawa chachikulu. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masamba mosiyana anakonza, yosavuta kapena pinnate: okonzeka ndi stipules, mwina kukhala ku Rosette, kapena kamodzi anakonza pa zimayambira. Viola maluwa ali yekhayekha, kukula mwa m'njira za m'mphuno pa peduncles woonda ndi kufikira chachikulu kwambiri (5-7 masentimita awiri), kutenga nkhani miniaturization chonse Chitsamba Choyaka. Mu mawonekedwe iwo ali ophweka, Terry ndi wavy, corrugated kapena mphonje m'mbali. The pamakhala chapamwamba maluwa ndi mtundu wa misomali pansi ndi paphiri yaing'ono. Mtundu mitundu nakulitsa zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana: osakwatiwa ndi Mipikisano wachikuda, wamawangamawanga, milozo. chikondi makamaka amachititsa wamaluwa chakuti limamasula viol Wittrock mowolowa manja imodzi Kutha kwa masamba 25. maluwa nthawi zimatengera pa nthawi ya kubzala kuchokera April kuti June ndi kuchokera August kwa nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Pali hybrids kuti akhoza pachimake onse chilimwe. Small bulauni okhwima mbewu pamodzi bokosi zipatso. Kumera iwo wopulumutsidwa zaka zoposa 2.

munda Gawo

Osatha wamkulu mu minda ngati chomera biennial, ndi yofala kwambiri violets mu chikhalidwe, wotchedwa viola Wittrock Chili zosiyanasiyana pansies munda, mtundu iwo m'magulu osiyana: nthawi ndi nthawi ya maluwa, mawonekedwe, kukula, mtundu wa maluwa, mlingo wa kukana ozizira. Choncho, ngati unatenga maziko kukula kwa maluwa ndi chiwerengero chawo, pamene ukufalikira pa chitsamba, ndiye mitundu viola anawagawa yaikulu zosiyanasiyana, wotchedwa grandiflora ndi flowered - multiflora. Pamene asankhidwa kukhala mayeso mtundu, sukulu conventionally wachinsinsi mu one-, thuu, multicolour kapena Umboni Wopereŵera. Chotsani gulu, kumasulira malire a mtundu uliwonse, kulibe, chifukwa sangathe kudziwa, kuyambira kalasi yomweyo zingadziŵike imodzi anaona gulu la ziwiri mtundu kapena Mipikisano mtundu.

Popular mitundu

Sindiganizira pa kulanda mitundu yonse ndi mitundu, koma tiyeni tikambirane za mitundu otchuka lero. Mwachitsanzo, kuzindikira ndi chikondi cha ulimi ali viola Wittrock "Baroque" - otsogola, wodzichepetsa chikhalidwe, wophuka cm 30, yokondweretsa wochuluka maluwa lalikulu limbic amtundu wina ndi yadothi cotta maluwa lonse chilimwe. njira anabzala mmera, ili pachimake violet m'chaka cha kubzala. Kukongola ndi mitundu yowala zithumwa viola Wittrock "Baroque". Photos wa kalasi ankaimira nkhaniyi. maluwa kufika kukula ndithu kwambiri - 5-7 masentimita awiri.

Ngakhale kwambiri kukongoletsa viola Wittrock "Terry zingwe", dzina limene zimaonekeratu kuti violet - mwini wake wa lalikulu (6-8 cm) maluwa za kukongola kwakukulu ndi embossed corrugated m'mphepete. Izi kalasi chidwi mkulu mlingo wa hardiness, ruggedness, luso kukula bwino pa dothi la zikuchokera aliyense ndi kukhala mosalekeza maluwa m'nyengo lonse.

Viola Wittrock: kukula

Viola Hardy ndi chisanu zosagwira, ndi excellently Chimakula mu mthunzi, koma dzuwa maluwa ndi maluwa wochuluka akuluakulu ake. Choncho, gawo anasankha zotheka dzuwa wabwino pa okwera popanda wapafupi njira pansi. Iwo anaona kuti Violet angathe kukula mu aliyense, ngakhale dothi lolemera kwambiri, koma wakonda lonyowa chonde loam. Asanadzalemo mbewu, nthaka pa malo ayenera kukhala okonzeka, kufoshola mpeni fosholo ndi kupanga makilogalamu 10 a humus ndi peat, ndi mchenga wa makilogalamu 5 pa mita lalikulu 1.

Kufesa kwa mbande

Njira yabwino kukhulupirira kulima viols mmera. Izi zimathandiza kupeza ukufalikira maluwa bedi m'chilimwe, pakati pa mmene zija mu June pansi lotseguka mbewu adzakhala zaka ziwiri mawu a chitukuko ndi maluwa adzakhala oyambirira chilimwe lotsatira. Awa ndi makhalidwe botanical wa zomera, monga viola Wittrock. Kulima kumayambira mbewu mu February-March tsiku ndi akuwukha njira biostimulant Mwachitsanzo, "Epin", "zircon" kapena "IAA", anthu ambiri Chofanana malangizo mu malangizo kwa mankhwala. muli mmera wodzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi wapadera kwa violets, sitolo ogulidwa, chizindikiro mizere mbewu yofesedwa anakonza anathira madzi kumbuyo. Kuwaza mbewu pansi, ndi chidebe kusunga filimu chimaonekera kapena galasi ndipo anaikidwa chipinda 15-17˚S mpweya kutentha.

Mbande ndi swordplay

Mbande kuonekera patatha masiku 10-15. Mwamsanga pamene kumera, filimu chivundikiro amachotsedwa ndi mabokosi a mbande anayikidwa mu wowala malo ozizira (+ 10 ° C). Care la mbande mu nthawi imeneyi ndi wokhazikika kuthirira ndi madzi ofunda ndi kukhazikitsa njira Integrated a feteleza mbande iwiri iliyonse. Mkubwela masamba angapo woona, mbande wamkulu pansi pa mphika osiyana. Kawirikawiri, izi zimachitika pafupifupi mwezi ndi theka pambuyo kumera. Ndi kukula wolimba wa mbande kuti kuyenda pansi pa madzi viola kamodzinso, koma zambiri akusowa ndi chimodzi pikirovochnoy ntchito. Kuwonjezera kupirira chodabwitsa violets chololera bwino mizu ngakhale mu bedi maluwa mutabzala zomera maluwa.

NTHAWI YOCHITA ankafika pa bedi maluwa

mbande obzalidwa lotseguka pansi viola poganizira mbali nyengo ya alili. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu mochedwa April kapena May. Chinthu chachikulu - kudzala mbewu pambuyo kuopseza akudutsa kubwerera kwa chisanu, monga mwana ndi neukorenivshiesya violets sadzalekerera akhwatchitsa ozizira. kubzala luso ndi losavuta: mbande mu dzenje okonzeka ndi imeneyi ya 10-15 cm, kuwaza mizu ya dziko lapansi, tikaumbike nthaka padziko zomera ndi madzi mowolowa manja. Osatha mitundu viola kwambiri kukuza ndipo m'kupita kutaya zotsatira kukongoletsa. The mitundu bwino mosavuta zimafalitsidwa ndi cuttings.

Kusamalira viola kutchire

Zovuta wachikondi ntchito yosavuta mwambo mbeu monga viola Wittrock. Care ndi nthawi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira nthaka ndi kuchotsa namsongole germinating. Popeza makhalidwe a chitukuko cha dongosolo muzu wa mbewu, ndipo kungotengeka ndi ili palibe chozama kupitirira 15-20 cm, m'pofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa chinyezi ndipo nthawi yotentha kukhala nthaka lonyowa. Kuti tidzakhale ndi maluwa m'pofunika kudula chinazimiririka maluwa mbewu yakucha akuchedwa chomera mphamvu kwambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu ya maluwa.

Komanso apamwamba maluwa N'zosatheka feteleza wabwino. Viola Wittrock Yankho limamasula wapamwamba pa ntchito mwezi wa ammonium nitrate, kapena superphosphate kuchuluka kwa 25-30 ga pa mita lalikulu 1.

Izi magawo chisamaliro oyenera mitundu yonse ya violets munda, kuphatikizapo monga viola Wittrock "Baroque". Kukula mbande za mbewu ndi ndegeyo wotsatira pansi lotseguka - njira yodalirika kupeza owala, ayerera ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza, mabedi maluwa.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga viola

Agrotehnika violets kukula ndi yosavuta, koma kulephera kumvera malamulo yosavuta kungachititse kuti mavuto. Tizilombo kapena matenda maonekedwe a matenda nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha magawo kulephera kutchulidwa. viola Wittrock zambiri amadwala powdery cinoni, woyera ❖ kuyanika, amene kumaonekera mu masamba, umatheka ndi maluwa. Izi zimachitika pamene overfeeding nayitrogeni fetereza, ndi kusowa phosphorous-potaziyamu kapena nyengo chokhwima zinthu, pamene otentha masiku youma taphunzira ndi matinee ozizira ndi mame lolemera. chinyezi Kugwiritsa angachititse zowola imvi ndi blackleg. Kuthetsa matenda ndi kupopera njira ya "fundazol" caustic kapena kulowetsedwa ufa sulfure kuchotsa mbali anakhudzidwa la zomera.

Wa tizilombo makamaka oopsa mbozi clover cutworm ndi violet perlamutrovki mofulumira ndipo mwamsanga kudya masamba a viola. Iwo zimawononga chlorophos utsi njira karbofosa fodya kapena kulowetsedwa.

zosonkhanitsira mbewu

Kumanzere peduncles mbewu zipse m'katikati mwa August - September. Pambuyo wilting maluwa kupanga mabokosi ang'ono ndi mbewu yaing'ono bulauni. Nkofunika kuti muphonye mphindi ya kusasitsa, kuyambira mabokosi lotseguka ndi kumwaza mbewu. Kufunitsitsa kusonkhanitsa mbewu akuwonetseredwa bolls onekera. Iwo mosamala kudula, kuchotsa mbewu nawasenzetsa kuti ziume, ndiyeno anaikidwa yosungirako mu chapansi kapena firiji, ngati iwo amafuna stratification.

Ngati mabokosi mbewu kuchotsedwa pa cholinga, ndiye mbewu yofesedwa pa awo, ndipo ngati mbewu zachilengedwe Tingaone mu kugwa kapena kasupe lotsatira. Pankhaniyi, mbewu pansi pa malo okonzeka, anyalanyaza nthawi mmera ndi njira motsatana, nthawi, ndalama komanso khama.

mavuto Zima

Zosiyanasiyana violets osatha m'dziko la viol Wittrock, (zithunzi ndi kuperekedwa m'buku) likhalebe ngakhale kwambiri kwambiri ozizira (mpaka -30 ºC), ngati chili ndi isanayambike chimfine ankafika chikopa kapena spruce lapnikom zamulchirovat zatsalira youma mbewu.

Awa ndi maonekedwe a kusamalira wokongola ndi wodzichepetsa violets kukometsera munda ndi paki Interiors, gladdening kunyoza mitundu ndi chodabwitsa chosatha maluwa ndi wamaluwa ankachita masewera ndi akatswiri wamaluwa.