Wafilosofi Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich: yonena zopereka kwa sayansi, mabuku

Orientalist, nzeru zapamwamba, katswiri wolemba ndi woyambitsa wa semiotic sukulu Pyatigorsk Alexander Moiseevich anabadwa mu Moscow mu 1929. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo iye anasamutsidwa kuti Nizhny Tagil. Iye maphunziro Moscow State University (mkhalidwe wa Philosophy), adaphunzitsa kwa zaka zingapo pa Stalingrad ku sekondale, ndi kwa 1956 ntchito ku Institute of Studies Oriental motsogozedwa Yu. N. Reriha, pamene anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa wake pa mbiri ya mabuku akale. Kenako Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich anaphunzira semiotics kuphunzira, University of Tartu.

Wambiri, mabuku

Kwawo kwa Aleksandra Pyatigorskogo anali nthawi zonse Moscow, mzinda umene iye anabadwira pa January 30, 1929. Banja lake wophunzira ndiponso wanzeru, malchku anapereka maphunziro kwambiri. Atate, munthu wotchuka injiniya steelmaker, kwa zaka zambiri kuphunzitsidwa Germany ndi England mu malangizo a boma la Soviet. Banja anakhala nkhondo Nizhny Tagil, komwe pa zaka khumi dzina lake Aleksandr Pyatigorsky anayamba kugwira ntchito pa fakitale.

Mu 1951 iye maphunziro Philosophy mphamvu ya Moscow State University ndipo anatumizidwa ku Stalingrad, kumene kuphunzira pa sukulu. Mu 1973, iye anachoka ndi anakakhala England, kumene lectured pa University of London ndipo wamanga nawo ntchito zosiyanasiyana TV ndi mawailesi. Iye analemba mabuku angapo luso ndipo linatulutsa kuchuluka zosaneneka za mapale mwini wa nkhani za sayansi. ntchito Main luso mu mndandanda m'munsimu.

• "The nzeru za Alley lapansi." London 1989.
• "Kumbukirani munthu wachilendo." Moscow, 1999.
• "Nkhani ndi Maloto". Moscow, 2001.
• "Anthu Ancient mu mzinda." Moscow, 2001.
• "Kuganiza ndi kuonera." Riga, 2002.
• "Osaleka kukambirana." Moscow, 2004.
• "Free nzeru zapamwamba Pyatigorsk". St. Petersburg, 2015.

banja

The bambo nzeru zapamwamba Pyatigorsk - Mose Gdalevich Soviet protege, techie, amene anadziwa zonse za zitsulo ndi zitsulo, anaphunzitsa ku sekondale, kutsata sayansi ndi zochitika kuti chiyani pa zimene zinachitikira ku mafakitale ku Germany ndi England. Mwa njira, palibe mu banja, kuphatikizapo Mose Pyatigorsk, kupondereza sanachitepo, ngakhale anayambira, chuma chawo, dziko lawo (Ayuda) ndi motalikitsa kukhala kunja. Munthuyo anali pa moyo wathanzi kwambiri, theka chaka sanakhale moyo kwa zaka zana. Poyerekeza ndi atate wake, anafa ali aang'ono, dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Tsiku lobadwa ndi tsiku imfa anapatukana pa zaka eyite-wani. Mayi sanali asayansi koma ku banja lotchuka kwambiri chuma, komanso, monga Alexander Moiseevich, "anafa ali aang'ono" - anali kokha eyite-seveni.

ntchito panja

Popeza 1960, anayamba buku lake, choyamba soavstorstve (ngakhale olemba zambiri uka ndi anthu onse a moyo). Mwakhama chinkhoswe mu Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich ndi ntchito ufulu wachibadwidwe, mu zaka 70 nawo misonkhano akuthandiza gulu dissident, kuphatikizapo ophunzira ake - Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, Daniel. Mu 1973, iye anatha kusamuka kwa Germany, ndiye - mu United Kingdom. Ndi kukonzanso kwa Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich ndinayamba kulandira mphoto pa dziko, zomwe wasiya pafupi zaka makumi atatu zapitazo (Andrei Bely Prize kwa buku lake "Kumbukirani munthu wachilendo", mphoto ya Institute of Philosophy ya Ras).

Zodziwika bwino zinenero, makamaka osowa, monga Chisansikiriti komanso m'zilembo Chitibeta, kumasulira m'Buda malemba Hindu. Iye walemba mabuku angapo ndi ntchito yambiri kafukufuku m'munda umenewu. Iye lectured pa nkhani ya nzeru ndale pafupifupi dziko lonse, pokhala pulofesa mu University of London. Zanyenyezi mu filimu - "The kusakasaka agulugufe", "Wafilosofi opulumuka", "Zoyera mpweya ufulu wanu" "Hitler, Stalin, ndi Gurdjieff," "Shantrapa". Dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky anafa London mu 2009 ndi matenda a mtima.

Chibuda

"Nzeru za ntchito pofuna aliyense, ndicho kufunika kwake - choncho anati dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky -.. Ndi chifukwa iye ndi woyenerera ZOWONJEZERA pafupi kwambiri ndi yaitali anthu" Mu zaka ziwiri aphedwe, wolemba anapita Moscow masabata awiri tawerenga mu Chipangano Economic School nkhani nzeru Chibuda. Ophunzira aphunzira zambiri. Mmene intricately Chili Chibuda chikumbumtima ndipo sayansi.

Alexander M. nkhani ambiri odzipereka kwa India. Iwo uli pano angwiro masamu: Pamalo anatulukira kakyulasi, anayambitsa ntchito ziro. Komabe, masukulu awo awo a sayansi pa Amwenye kumeneko, chifukwa malangizo a chikumbumtima chawo, kwambiri kumvetsa zilankhulo, maganizo, masamu ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi Mwachitsanzo, Agiriki womwewo wa Aristotle. Iwo sali choncho chidwi kuchita chipangizo cha ziwalo za anthu ndi nyama. Komanso, angapo a iwo wotanganidwa zigawo za mapiri, zithaphwi ndi nkhalango. Dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, mfundo zomwe momveka bwino kwambiri limasonyeza pophunzitsa izi chidwi, ankakhulupirira kuti palibe chikhalidwe ayenera kuchita chinthu chimodzi, chifukwa n'kogwiritsa ku alibe wa fuko.

Pansi ndi inertia!

Wafilosofi Alexander Piatigorsky, amene yonena ndi umakhudza kuphunzira ziphunzitso Chitibeta, exhaustively amaona sayansi ya zachilengedwe mu Buddhism. Ku maganizo a lamas Chitibeta, monzama ophunzira, wodziwa enanso ambirimbiri a chinenero chawo komanso Chisansikiriti, Mongolian, Chinese, English, kuwerenga mabuku ambiri sayansi, ngakhale Darwin, ngakhale namatetule wake, kwambiri nzeru chimanga chosakhwima. Koma omwewo sayansi British ndi masamu anali lamas pafupi ndi nzeru awo kukamwa kwawo ndi mlingo wapamwamba.

nzeru ena a ku Ulaya ndi azambiriyakale, ngakhale kuti onse anali zimafika akatswiri, akhala anazindikira anthu mediocre. Development malinga ndi mmene nzeru zapamwamba, dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, ndi wamkulu komanso woyamba ndi ufulu: loyamba, luso la kupeza yankho yakeyake funso, kapena njira yake vutolo, ndipo kachiwiri, luso yomweyo kusiya zosinthika anapeza mokomera latsopano. Kuti, kukana lonse limodzi ndi gulu inertia. chibadwa ano, masamu ndi sayansi, nawonso, anayamba pang'onopang'ono kubwera chotero worldview.

chinaneneratu chikhalidwe

Alexander Piatigorsky, amene yonena zikuphatikizapo maulendo ambiri ndi kuphunzira zosiyanasiyana postulates ontological, ankaganiza kuti m'zaka za chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, onse a ku Ulaya, kuphatikizapo masoka, sayansi analowa watsopano ndi wabwino kwambiri kwa nthawi anapeza ake. Zachilengedwe, monga wasayansi, poyamba ufulu, kafukufuku nthawi analimbikitsa ndi nambala yaikulu anapatsidwa chikhalidwe cha zinthu, ndi chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayamba "gule pa mbaula."

Koma nzeru ena ndi ufulu, apatsidwa kanthu musazengereze, ndipo iwo akhoza kuyamba Msikiti nzeru, zomwe iwo afuna. Komanso, anthu musati akanikizire kalekale anakhazikitsa axiom, chifukwa nkhani ngati zimenezi, ngakhale ku mayunivesite sichinayambe kuphunzira. Kuphatikizapo sukulu wakale wa nzeru.

kukhala

Mu nzeru za anzeru Ulaya anasonyeza bwino, zamulungu, ndi Studies ina m'Baibulo, Chiheberi ndi Latin (monga chinenero weniweni, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka Kubadwa Kwatsopano). Kuti izi ya mankhwala kenako anawonjezera. izi sayansi zothandiza anthu onse, koma nzeru koyera sanali pakati pawo, inakhalapo masiku ano. Only mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, panali mpando woyamba wa nzeru kusukulu Edinburgh. Malo pa izo kumenyana David Hume ndi Adam Smith. Ndipo anapita kwa Kant, Fichte, Hegel, pambuyo zomwe potsiriza natenga maonekedwe a nzeru monga phunziro la. Koma Abuda nthawi philosophized monga tawerenga pa nkhani lake Alexander Piatigorsky. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha maphunziro awo.

osati sayansi

Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich, mabuku amene makamaka zoyenera nzeru, sanali wotopa akunena kuti si mu mndandanda wa sayansi mkulu amasankha. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti nzeru - uwu si sayansi. "Mu gulu la sayansi - analemba - iye si ufumu umodzi, koma buku ena kapena malo wodzazidwa ndi kanthu kalikonse, koma pamene chikhalidwe cha nzeru malo ali ...."

Pomaliza, palibe nzeru, umunthu kupulumuka mwangwiro. Izi siziri zoona, mwachitsanzo, za mankhwala.

A masamu? A sayansi?

Ngakhale sayansi, kufunika lomwe likutuluka yekha pa kukhota ena a maganizo, pamene akukokomeza, ndi tanthauzo ndiponso kufunika kwa zimene umabweretsa kwa anthu, anthu si choncho n'kofunika, monga mmene ambiri amaganiza. chiphunzitso Final mu sayansi sizingatheke chifukwa ndondomeko kuganiza munthu sangakhale okhazikika. Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich, mbiri yomwe imakhala ndi "Kuganizira zimenezi nthawi zonse ndi kusinkhasinkha pa lingaliro" Ine ndikutsimikiza kuti chiphunzitso omaliza amene akufuna kukhala asayansi ambiri - tomfoolery izi, monga kulenga chilungamo mwamtheradi, chomaliza lonse anthu. anthu mobwerezabwereza analangidwa koopsa (chikominisi, mwachitsanzo), koma anthu sadzamva kuwafika idyll sadzakhala zotheka enaake izi. Kufunika kwa ziwonetsero mumangire kuti anthu si pamwamba pa makhalidwe awo aluntha, koma M'malo mwake, pafupi ndi pamwamba monga akupitiriza wopekayo mwachionekere impracticable ntchito. Malinga ndi nzeru zapamwamba, izo si zoipa, monga mwangwiro monga muyezo chofunika kwambiri kulondola - kuti linali kupita kwa panjira zinali zosangalatsa.

Anaika postulates

Osaphunzira munthu, malinga Pyatigorsk, kungakhale nzeru zapamwamba, koma n'zokayikitsa. Palibe chidwi maganizo si kuyambira zikande. Munthu palibe nzeru akhoza chinkhoswe popanda nzeru zawo. Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich, mkazi wayani onse wake wokondedwa kwambiri kulambira, koma akukana wokongola theka maluso aumunthu.

Monga kukangana ngwazi m'nkhani: akazi, mu maganizo ake, ndi kovuta kwambiri kumenya mphepo, ndi nzeru achabechabe mwamtheradi. Komabe, anthu onse si onse ndi achilendo. Izi zambiri ndi chinthu chosowa - ndi akazi, ndi pakati pa anthu, ndi mwa ng'ona lapansi. Kuchita izi, inu kukhala nthenda, monga pamene ndalama otsiriza munthu akugula ndi maswiti, osati mkate. Philosophy - kufunafuna sanali sakupezeka, amene ali bwino kuposa wabwino. Popeza kuti anthu akhale osangalala, losasamala mawu ndi zoipa kwambiri. Mwina ntchito ochepa weniweni wa nzeru - kuwononga ngati dongosolo postulates wamba.

Zilankhulo ndi semiotics

Wachibale maphunziro sayansi Pyatigorsk analemba ndi kulankhula chidwi kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, choncho. Wafilosofi makamaka Amaonetsa pa chinenero ndipo mnzake Choncho, nzeru chimakhudzana kwambiri chokhudzana ndi Chaanthu ndi zilankhulo. okamba nkhani ambiri ayamba kulankhula awo ndi mawu awa: "zikuonekeratu kuti ..." kapena "aliyense amadziwa kuti ...". Izi ndi bodza. Palibe zoonekeratu. Zonse zimadalira immediacy wathu "Mwakufuna-sindikufuna." Normal munthu - sindikuganiza kuti ndi sadziwa chilichonse. Palibe lino silinafike anafa. Amene Mwachitsanzo, tsopano akukumbukira akatswiri a zinenero lalikulu la wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi, "Moscow a chisa"? Normal anthu Russian palibe amene sakudziwa maina: Starostin, Klimov, Yakovlev ndi Polivanov, Abaev ... Ndipo mu West analemekeza akatswiri a zinenero Russian. Iwo amadziwa zonse ndi Jacobson, Reformed, ndi Zalizniak. Pali zinthu zochititsa chidwi wodzipereka kwa anthu awa, kupendanso Chirasha. Nkhanizi Amakonda nkhani zambiri kuperekedwa ku Russian mayunivesite dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Photo a misonkhano ndi ophunzira amamangiriridwa.

Semiotics Alexander Piatigorsky ntchito yekha monga nzeru zapamwamba a. Ngakhale chiphunzitso wake m'dera limeneli sanali, iye ntchito ngati chida kuthandiza poyera mavuto m'masayansi oyandikana. Iye anakhulupirira kuti ngati nzeru, ndi achabechabe, monga semiotics - ichi ndi chiphunzitso wangwiro, koma sayansi pali zinthu zothandiza kwambiri ntchito: malamulo othandiza O prognozis kuyesera. Pomwepo mwachindunji kuti semiotics angathandize kusonyeza m'dera lililonse.

Pa Language kusangalala

Koposa zonse, Pyatigorsk kukhumudwa kuchuluka kwa jargon mu mawu a ophunzira onse Russian ndi English. Ndipo amene makolo - ophunzira kwambiri amene anakulira mu ngwazi zolembalemba. Ndipo likukhalira kuti chinenero cha, kuti, mu Russia, zabwino osungidwa kwa ana onse theka anthu ophunzira - fakitale akatswiri aakulu kapena zida zankhondo umalimbikira.

Iye awawona alibe la chinenero, osati kufika pansi ndi kuchokera pamwamba, kuphatikizapo aphunzitsi yunivesite, ndipo limatchula zitsanzo zambiri zimene zinachitikira zawo. Philosophize anthu amene yopuma zambiri. Anzeru Yabwino kuwapeza amene anali ndi nthawi yambiri ufulu. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi chikhalidwe ndi sayansi, amenenso n'zosatheka kuti woona mothamanga. Mufunika mphunzitsi wa m'mbuyomu, osati Superjet ano.

pang'ono munthu

Pambuyo kusamuka kwa London mu 70s oyambirira, analemba kuti kuponderezana Soviet Union poyerekezera ndi izo - bodza, zamkhutu ndi sizoona. Iye ankangofuna moyo mu dziko, koma osati m'dziko lomwelo. Ndipo zinachitika. Iye anasiya nzeru zapamwamba ndi mwana wake kwa ukwati wake woyamba ndi mwana wachiwiri. Young mkazi, kale woyembekezera, anali pafupi kwambiri. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono, ndipo makolo ake pamodzi ndi banja London. Kenako anakwatira kachitatu ndipo anayamba kubweretsa zidzukulu zambiri. Apa anali Pyatigorskiy dzina lake Aleksandr Moiseevich. moyo anathera mu chikondi ndi akazi awo onse ndi wolemekezeka onse banja bwino, ngakhale mabanja angapo. Mwina chifukwa chake moyo zitsulo Wachikondi ndi nyonga.