States ndi nthumwi Tolstoy Petr Andreevich: MBIRI, zimaonetsa zinthu ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Tolstoy Petr Andreevich, kanthawi yonena umene anapereka m'munsimu, anali kwambiri Russian nthumwi ndi States. Iye anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a utumiki chinsinsi ndi mfumu ya milandu atamva.

Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy: A MBIRI

The States m'tsogolo mwana okolnichy. mayi wake - Solomonic Miloslavskaya - anali wachibale wa Mfumukazi Mary. Tolstoy Petr Andreevich (1645-1729 gg.), Anatumikira pa bwalo stolnik. Mu 1682, May 15, pa musketeers chipolowe iye amachirikiza amalume ake I. M. Miloslavskogo, kuukitsa opandukawo, mokweza kumutsutsa Naryshkins imfa ya Prince Ivan. Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko la mpando wachifumu wa Sophia Tolstoy Pyotr Andreyevich kumbali ya wokonzanso kwambiri. Koma mfumu ankachitira defector ozizira mokwanira. 1 Peter distrusted Tolstoy. Mfumu sanali bwino ndi ndiponso achita nkhondo pa Azov kampeni lomaliza 1696 Mu 1697, mfumu anatumiza odzipereka kunja kwa maphunziro. Ine anadzipereka kuti apite Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy. maphunziro ana panthawi imeneyo unali kwambiri zoweta, monga mabungwe ndiye alipo opangidwa atumiki wauzimu kapena ing'ono ing'ono. Kwa zaka ziwiri mu Italy Tolstoy osati anaphunzira seamanship, komanso kucheza ndi Azungu.

ntchito nthumwi

Chakumapeto 1701 Tolstoy Petr Andreevich anaikidwa kazembe ku Constantinople. Iye anakhala woyamba Russian zamtendere wothandizira. malo unali wofunika kwambiri. Inali ntchito zinadzala ndi ngozi zosiyanasiyana ndi mavuto. Choncho, mu nthawi 1710-1713 gg zosokonezeka. Kazembe kawiri Semibashennom anali mu linga. Komanso, udindo likupita kutali ndi chithunzi cha m'nyumba ya mfumu. Mu 1714, Tolstoy Petr Andreevich anabwerera ku Russia. Apa iye ali naye A. D. Menshikova, amene anasangalala ndi chidaliro wapadera wa mfumu. Patapita nthawi, Tolstoy yoikidwiratu aphungu. Mu nthawi kuchokera 1715 mpaka 1719. nthumwi errand mu chimango ubale ndi Prussia, Denmark ndi England.

Mlanduwu 1 mwana Peter

Mu 1717, Tsarevich Aleksey kubisala Naples ndi mbuye wake Euphrosyne. Peter anatumiza kumufunafuna Rumyantsev ndi Tolstoy. Pambuyo ntchito maluso ake onse zamtendere kubwerera kalonga Russian. Tolstoy anam'patsa kalata kuchokera kwa Petro, imene atate anauza mwana wake chikhululuko ngati mwaufulu kubwerera kwawo. Komabe, uthenga sanathe kutsimikizira kalonga kubwerera. Ndiye linalowererapo Tolstoy. Peter A. ziphuphu mmodzi mwa nduna Austria kuti ananena kuti adzabweranso Alexei - kale chatsimikizidwa. Chifukwa, kalonga kupita ku Russia.

Tolstoy anatenga mbali mu yesero la Alexei. Pa ichi iye anadalitsidwa zigawo ndi Mkulu wa Chinsinsi Chancellery, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo kwambiri ntchito zokhudzana ndi zipolowe pakati pa anthu za tsogolo la Prince. Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi, Tolstoy anali mmodzi wa matrastii ndi anthu pafupi ndi Peter 1. Nkhani ya Prince chinathandiza nthumwi rapprochement ndi Mfumukazi Catherine. Pa tsiku la coronation ake, May 18, 1724, ndi lamulo wapadera ndi mfumu anali kupereka mutu wa Chiwerengero.

Zosemphana ndi Menshikov

Atamwalira Peter anakwera wachifumu Catherine. Tolstoy pamodzi ndi Menshikov wakhala mwachangu chinathandiza ulamuliro wake. Panali, azungu ndi phungu wina mpando wachifumuwo. Koma Tolstoy anadziwa kuti ngati abwera zopangira ndiye achinyamata Peter A. (mwana Tsarevich Alexei), ntchito yake States ndi kusiya nthawi yomweyo. Ndipotu iye anali wakhama mu kufufuza ndi kubwerera ku Russia, atate wake. Komabe, tsoka analibe, monga Tolstoy ndinaganiza. Kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Menshikov ndithu nthawi yaitali, adaunyema ndi yamasika pa funso la wolowa Mfumukazi.

Dongosolo akufuna inalowa a Peter Ine Austria nthumwi Rabutin. Amayenera kumanga pa mpando wake wachifumu, kukwatira mwana wamkazi wa Menshikov. Tolstoy, nayenso woopa iye ndi banja lake, anaumirira kulanda mphamvu kwa mwana wamkazi wa Peter 1. Koma Menshikov anapambana pa nkhondo imeneyi. Chifukwa, nthumwi 82 wazaka anali chilango cha imfa, ndingokhala kukhalabe Solovetsky obisika. Lamulo la Mfumu Werengerani Pyotr Andreyevich Tolstoy ndi ana ake Ankawaphwanyira maudindo onse. Patapita miyezi sikisi, patapita kukhala mu yonyowa pokonza ndende nthumwi anafa. Pamodzi ndi iye mu Solovetsky ansembe yotchedwa inali ndi mwana wake Ivan. Iye anafa mu 1728,

banja

PA Tolstoy anakwatira Solomonic Timofyevna Dubrovsky. Iye anali mdzukulu wa msungichuma Bogdan Dubrovsky. Anamwalira mu 1722 anabereka ana kukwatiwa:

1. Ivan - anali leni boma milandu ku ukapolo ndi bambo ake obisika a. Iye anakwatiwa ndi grandniece Rtishchev - Praskovya.
2. Peter - msilikali Nizhyn Regiment. Pambuyo kugwirizana bambo ake chachotsedwa kwa kukhazikikamo "m'mudzi." Iye anafa, monga Ivan, mu 1728, pamene moyo anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa Hetman I. I. Skoropadskogo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Mu 1760 Supreme Watsimikiza mutu wa Chiwerengero Tolstoy unali kubwezedwa kwa banja. Komanso, anabwezeretsa ufulu nthumwi adzukulu. Iwo anali Andrew, Basil, boma milandu Boris, Peter ndi Fedor, ndi Ivan ndi Alexander Petrovich. Mu 1697-1699 gg. nthumwi m'dziko ulendo lachilendo, iye analemba tsikulo. M'bukuli, iye anafotokoza ake maganizo, makhalidwe, maganizo, zidindo za Western moyo European. Tsikulo zolemba anali a m'mabuku atatu. Amaonedwa gwero lina ofunika kwambiri pa mbiri kufotokoza Russia mu ulamuliro wa Petro 1.

Baibulo loyambirira mu 1888 zinachitikadi kudzera Archive wa Prince Potemkin. Komabe, zikhoza kukhala mokwanira odalirika. Mbiri yonse zimaonekera kope lomwe S. N. Travnikovym ndi L. A. Olshevskoy, anamasulidwa mu "chipilala zolembalemba" mu 1992. Mu 1706, Tolstoy analoseranso Nyanja Black.

Pomaliza

PA Tolstoy, ndithudi, ulinso mu mbiri Russian wa Petrine nyengo. Moyo wake unali wautali, yokhudza zosiyanasiyana mavuto. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye anali kutsimikizira kukhulupirika Petro 1. wapadera udindo ankaimba pa zofufuza zanu, ndi pamenepo mlandu Tsarevich Alexei. udindo wake monga mutu wa Chinsinsi Chancellery amasonyeza chidaliro chimene anabwera kwa mfumu kuti maonekedwe. Pamene anali ku Italy, Tolstoy, mmodzi wa oyamba kutengera makhalidwe Western. Izi yathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito yake wotsatira zamtendere. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, anali mmodzi wa anthu omaliza amene anaona kutsogolo cha mwana wa imfa Petro. Pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Catherine, iye anachita zonse ankadalira pa iye, kuti alimbikitse mphamvu zake ndi kuteteza kufala kwa korona mwana wake Alexei. Komabe, iye anali sangathe kudzipulumutsa yekha ndi mwana wake ku ukapolo ndi imfa. PA Tolstoy anaikidwa pa obisika kwa Chiwalitsiro Cathedral ku mbali ya kumadzulo mu 1729