Wambiri ya Edgar Allan Poe, ntchito ya usilikali, zilandiridwenso

yonena Poe ndi odzala ndi mipata. Izi zimayambira ku kunyalanyaza ambiri a m'nthawi yake, ndi vuto la wolemba. Ndipotu nkhani ya ndakatulo osakondera anayamba kuchira kokha m'zaka za m'ma XX, koma nthawi zambiri za moyo wake akhala pang'ono. Lero, Edgar Allan Poe ndi imodzi mwa ziwerengero kwambiri enigmatic. Zimene zinali za imfa yake wakhala kwambiri osiyanasiyana mu 1849, koma chimene chimayambitsa imfa ndakatulo, mwina, nthawizonse sanathetsedwe. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi samaletsa anthu ambiri masiku ano kusangalala ndi prose ndi ndakatulo ya wolemba kwambiri.

Kumwalira kwa makolo omulera, banja

nkhani Poe akuyamba January 19, 1809 mu Boston (USA). Wolemba tsogolo anaonekera mu banja la troubadours. Ndi makolo Edgar mwayi woti moyo wautali: mayi ake anamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu pamene anali ndi zaka ziwiri zokha, bambo ake kapena osaonekanso, kapena anafa pamaso pa zimenezo. Ndiye mnyamata, zinthu zambiri, nthawi yokhayo moyo wake unali mwayi - anatengedwa ku maphunziro a mkazi wake Alla. Francis, oterewa mayi, anagwa mchikondi ndi mwana ndipo anakopa mwamuna wake wolemera wamalonda John, kutenga mwanayo. Iye sanali okondwa ndi maonekedwe a Edgar, koma mkazi wake anamwalira, amene sakanakhoza kubala kwa mwana wake.

ubwana Edgar Allan Poe zinathera ku Virginia. Iye safunikira chilichonse: iye anali atavala mu zamakono, mwini wake anali galu, kavalo kapena wantchito. Kuphunzitsa wolemba tsogolo inayamba mu London B & B, pamene iye anapatsidwa zaka 6. Mu US, mnyamata anabwerera ndi banja lake pamene Petro adagogoda khumi. Apo iye analembetsa ku koleji ku Richmond, ndipo mu 1826 - pa yunivesite ya Virginia, amene anatsegula chaka chapitacho.

Mapeto a zonse

Edgar msanga kuphunzira chidziwitso cha mphamvu osiyana thupi ndi mokhudza, mantha khalidwe, adzampatsa kwambiri za mavuto patsogolo. Monga biographers kuona mbali yomaliza ndi anakonzeratu kukangana ndi bambo ake. Zimayambitsa enieni sakudziwika: ngati wolemba wamng'ono linapanga siginecha ya bambo ake pa ngongole, kaya iye adakwiya chifukwa cha ngongole njuga anatengera mwana. mwanjira ina, ndipo zaka 17 pa wosauka otsala nasiya yunivesite anayamba kuphunzira chabe oyamba kumene.

Mnyamata anabwerera ku Boston, kumene wachita ndakatulo. Edgar Allan Poe ndakatulo, olembedwa pa nthawi, anaganiza kufalitsa pansi pa pseudonym "bostonets". Komabe, cholinga chake analephera: bukuli si lofalitsidwa ndi ndalama kale zikusowa yatha.

Short ntchito asilikali

Imeneyi, Poe anatenga zochita mosayembekezereka. Anapempha pansi dzina kapadera. Asilikali anakhala kwa pafupi chaka. Iye analimbikitsa kuti Sergeant lalikulu, anali m'gulu imodzi yabwino, koma sanathe angakane moyo regimented. Mwina, pa chiyambi cha 1828, wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono andithandize bambo ake. Pambuyo kukopa mkazi wake anathandiza Edgar lopanda ntchito. Mayi kuthokoza wolemba analibe nthawi; iye anafa madzulo a kudza kwake mu Richmond. Choncho ndakatulo anataya wake wachiwiri moona wokondedwa naye mkazi.

Baltimore, West Point ndi buku yaitali

N'zosangalatsa akutsanzikana ndi asilikali, Edgar anapita kwa kanthawi Baltimore. Kumeneko anakumana ndi abale a bambo ake, azakhali ake Maria Clemm, amalume ake George Poe, mwana wake Nelson. Pokhala mu anamanga ndalama, wolembayo anali ndi moyo ndi azakhali ake, kenako anabwerera Richmond.

Pa anakhala ku Baltimore, Edgar anadziwa William Gwin, mkonzi wa nyuzipepala ya kumaloko, ndipo kudzera ndi Yohane. Neal, wolemba ku New York. Pamene iwo anapatsa ndakatulo awo. Atalandira ndemanga zabwino, Edgar anaganiza kamodzinso kuyesa kufalitsa iwo. Anasonkhanitsa pansi udindo "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane ndi ndakatulo kakang'ono" anatulutsidwa mu 1829, koma chodziwika.

Bambo anaumirira kupitiriza maphunziro anatengera mwana, ndipo mu 1830, mnyamata analowa usilikali Academy ku West Point. Ngakhale tsiku chizolowezi ovuta Poe kuti nthawi zinthu zimenezo m'kalasi ndakatulo zina zachidule satirical wa moyo mu sukulu ya. Iye anali kutumikira zaka zisanu Komabe nthawi yotsiriza, pachiyambi penipeni maphunziro anazindikira kuti ntchito ya usilikali sanali iye. Edgar anayesa potembenuka ndi bambo, koma kukangana wina anathyola mapulani ake. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo sanataye: kuleka kutsatira lamulo, iye anapangidwa zosiyana ku sukulu mu 1831.

Kuyesa apeze kuzindikira

Wambiri ya Edgar Allan Poe zimasowa pa mfundo za moyo wake pa nthawi kuchokera 1831 mpaka 1833. Amadziwika kuti iye anakhala kwa nthawi mu Baltimore, Maria Clemm. Pali anagwa mchikondi ndi mwana ake ndi msuwani wake Virginia. Mtsikanayo anali ndi zaka 9 zokha. Popeza m'dzinja la 1831 za moyo ndakatulo ndi chilichonse amadziwika. Akatswiri ena amaganiza yonena wake kuti apite pa ulendo kudutsa Europe. Mokomera mfundo imeneyi ndi njira zina anatsimikizira ndi mawonekedwe ambiri mwatsatanetsatane za World Old, anapeza mu masamba a wolemba. Komabe, umboni wina wa chiphunzitso chimenechi si. biographers ambiri aona kuti Poe anali ochepa kwambiri pa TV, ndi kumalephera ulendo wautali ndalama.

Komabe, akatswiri amavomereza kuti zaka zitatu anatsata anamuponya kunja kwa West Point, anali waphindu. Edgar Allan Poe, amene mabuku akhala wotchuka, iye anapitiriza kugwira ntchito. Mu 1833 anaperekedwa pa mpikisano wa mlungu nkhani Baltimore Loweruka Mlendo asanu lalifupi ndi ndakatulo. Onse ankatengedwa zabwino. Chifukwa nkhaniyo "Manuscript anapeza botolo" Monga anadalitsidwa ndi mphoto ndalama za $ 100 kukula.

Kuwonjezera ndalama, Edgar nawo ena otchuka, limodzi ndi kuti ndikatumikire mu magazini. Iye anayamba ntchito ndi Loweruka Mlendo, kenako ndi Kumwera zolembalemba Mtumiki, lofalitsidwa mu Richmond. Mu wolemba yamasika iye lofalitsidwa mu 1835 buku "Morella" ndi "Berenice" ndipo kenaka - "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Hans Pfallya".

zazikulu Virginia

Mu chaka chomwecho, Edgar Allan Poe, amene zochita anali wotchuka kwambiri kuposa kale, kuti ndikachite kukhala mkonzi wa Southern zolembalemba Mtumiki. Pakuti chotsegulira, ndi malipiro a $ 10 mwezi kunali koyenera kuti asamukire ku Richmond. Malinga anavomera koma asanachoke ankafuna kukwatira Virginia wake wokondedwa, amene anali pasanathe zaka 13. Bakuman okongola kwambiri kale chidwi wolemba. The heroines ambiri ntchito zake zikhoza anaganiza fano lake. mayi Virginia a anavomera, ndipo mwachinsinsi ndidakali wamng'ono, kenako anapita ku Richmond, ndi chikondi chake kwa chaka china ankakhala Baltimore. Mu 1836, boma mwambo.

Pasanathe chaka Edgar Allan Poe akangana ndi wofalitsa Kumwera zolembalemba Mtumiki anatsanzika ngati mkonzi ndi Maria Clemm ndi Virginia anasamukira ku New York.

New York ndi Philadelphia

zaka ziwiri, ndinkakhala ku New York, anali wosanganiza wolemba. Edgar Allan Poe, amene ndakatulo ndi prose lofalitsidwa mu masamba a magazini angapo mzinda ogwira ntchito ndi ochepa. Iye lofalitsidwa ntchito monga "Ligeia" ndi "Arthur Gordon Pym," koma movutikira kwambiri mu womuongola n'chimene, umene unali Baibulo adzafupikitsidwa a pulofesa Scottish ntchito.

Mu 1838 banja anasamukira ku Philadelphia. Edgar nawo ntchito njonda ya Magazine mkonzi, kumene lofalitsidwa zina za ntchito zake. Zimenezi zinaphatikizapo "Kugwa kwa Nyumba Escher" ndi chiyambi cha yosatha "Mfundo Yuliya Rodmana."

Kulota ndi Zenizeni

Ndikugwira ntchito mabuku osiyanasiyana, Edgar Allan Poe anali kuyang'ana chinachake kwambiri. Anali kulakalaka magazini ake. Pafupi ndi chimake cha malingaliro Iye anadza kwa Philadelphia. kulengeza magazini atsopano otchedwa Penn Magazine linasindikizidwa. Kuti zija za analibe pang'ono - ndalama, koma kunapezeka kuti chopinga chachikulu.

Mu 1841, magazini ya njonda wakhala teamed ndi The bokosi lamaliro - anali magazini atsopano Graham wa Magazine, amene mkonzi anali Edgar Allan Poe. Nkhani ndakatulo ndi mabuku, olembedwa kufikira posachedwapa asonkhane mu mabuku awiri ndi lofalitsidwa ntchito anasonkhana kwa "Grotesque ndi Arabesque" kumapeto kwa 1840. Zinali yochepa pamene zinkaoneka kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino. Komabe, mu March 1842, Edgar analinso ntchito. Magazine anakomoka, ndi njonda ya Magazine mkonzi anaitanidwa Rufu Wilmot Griswold. Otsiriza, malinga n'kunena kwa Baibulo lina, n'chifukwa kusiya Pamene iye anayika izo modekha, sanali Griswold.

Pambuyo ntchito Loweruka Museum ndi kufalitsa nkhani zingapo Fairy ndi nkhani kwa makobidi chabe. Kupatula, mwina, anali yekhayo "golide cholakwika". Edgar anamutuma pa mpikisano zolembalemba. "Golden Chikumbu" anagonjetsa ndipo anabweretsa wolemba ake $ 100. Pambuyo nkhani anali republished nthawi zambiri, izo nzoona, musati kupanga ndalama ndi wolemba, chifukwa lamulo kukopera anali ndiye nkhani m'tsogolo.

tsoka latsopano

yonena Poe ndi odzala ndi zachisoni. Monga ofufuza za kuona moyo wake, chifukwa ambiri a iwo anali khalidwe lake mokhudza, chizolowezi maganizo ndi mowa. Koma wina mwa mavuto aakulu - imfa ya Virginia - panalibe vuto lake. mkazi wolemba ndakatulo anali kudwala chifuwa cha TB. Chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu, magazi pakhosi, anaonekera mu 1842. Wodwalayo pafupi imfa, koma patapita anachira. Komabe, kumwa, chimene chinapha mayi wa Edgar, sanafooke. Virginia anali akufa pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zingapo.

Pakuti mantha dongosolo wosakhazikika, wolemba zinandipweteka lolemera. Iye anangotsala pang'ono kusiya kulemba. Banja kachiwiri mavuto osowa ndalama. Mu 1844 anabwerera ku New York. Apa ntchito yatsopano afalitsidwa zinalembedwa ndi Edgar Allan Poe. "Nkhungubwi", wotchuka kwambiri ndakatulo ya ndakatulo iyi, linasindikizidwa mu magazini Madzulo Galasi.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa zilandiridwenso

Lero, Edgar Allan Poe ndi mmodzi wa olemba bwino American. Iye anaika chiyambi cha mtundu wanyimbo a "yopeka", wolemba buku ndi zitsanzo loyamba la anthu ofufuza lachinsinsi. Monga waukulu mankhwala, napita naye kutchuka ndi kuzindikira, koma osati chuma, anali "nkhungubwi." Ndakatulo mwangwiro amapereka maganizo wolembayo kwa moyo. Man anamasulidwa kokha mphindi yochepa, wodzazidwa ndi mavuto ndiponso khama, ndi ziyembekezo ake onse pachabe. M'nyimbo ngwazi amafunitsitsa amakonda anatayika akufunsa mbalame akulankhula, ngati muona iye. Izi ndi Edgar Allan Poe, "nkhungubwi" chosiyana mkati mavuto ndi matsoka kuti analanda owerenga kwathunthu, ngakhale kusowa pafupifupi chiwembu.

Chifukwa cholemba wolemba anali $ 10. Komabe, "nkhungubwi" anakwera naye kwambiri kuposa ndalama. Wolemba ndakatulo anatchuka kwambiri, anaitanidwa wophunzitsa pa m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana kuti zingapo analimbitsa ake ndalama. Kwa chaka mpaka inatenga "woyera" gulu lofalitsidwa chopereka Mu "nkhungubwi ndi Other ndakatulo," lofalitsidwa angapo mabuku atsopano, ndipo anaitanidwa akonzi Brodway Journal. Komabe, pali khalidwe wofunitsitsa salola iye bwino kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu 1845 iye anagwa kuchokera ofalitsa ena, anali mkonzi yekha, koma chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama posakhalitsa kuti achoke ofesi.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

nyumba inabweranso umphawi, ndi izo ozizira ndi njala. Virginia Anamwalira kumayambiriro 1847. biographers ambiri aona kuti akuvutika ndakatulo anali pafupi misala. Kwa kanthawi, iye sakanakhoza ntchito chifukwa cha chisoni ndi mowa ndi okha anapulumuka zikomo kwa chisamaliro ndi abwenzi angapo oona. Koma nthawi zina ndinasonkhanitsa mphamvu ndi kulemba. nthawi anaona kulengedwa kwa ntchito monga "Yulalyum", "mabelu", "Annabel Lee" ndi "Eureka." Iye anagwa mu chikondi mobwerezabwereza atatsala pang'ono kufa ankati kukwatira. Mu Richmond, pamene wolemba lectured pa "ndakatulo Mfundo", maphunziro ake zolembalemba, Poe anakumana ubwana bwenzi, Sarah Elmira Royster. Iye analumbira mkwatibwi ndi kumwa zovuta ndi maganizo yatha. Pamaso pa ukwati akanangokhoza kuthetsa zina mu Philadelphia ndi New York.

Chinsinsi cha Edgar Allan Poe

October 3, 1849 Edgar Allan Poe anapezeka mu mkhalidwe theka misala pa benchi Baltimore. Iye anamutengera kuchipatala kumene anakafa popanda ayambirenso manyazi, pa 7 October. Kuti zimayambitsa imfa yake komabe palibe vutoli. Akatswiri ambiri timakonda kufunsa otchedwa kupinge. Tidapeza pa tsiku chisankho. Kenako mu Baltimore rampaged magulu lankhosa nzika mu chitetezo chinsinsi. Anthu amawapopa mowa kapena chamba, ndipo kenako amakakamizidwa maulendo angapo kuti kuvotera phungu "Chabwino". Pali umboni kuti Poe pa anapeza anali ataledzera, ndipo kutali na kudwala-fated benchi anali mmodzi wa m'misasa izi. Komano, wolemba panthawiyo anali wotchuka mu Baltimore ndi n'zokayikitsa anasankha ngati wovulalayo.

Zina mwa zifukwa zotheka lero amatchedwa zosiyanasiyana matenda, kuchokera hypoglycemia ndi ubongo zotupa mowa ndi laudanum ambiri osokoneza. Chifukwa chisokonezo ichi - chosowa zolemba zamankhwala ndi mbiri loyamba Edgar Allan Poe, lolembedwa ndi Griswold, mdani wa wolemba. Iye anaika ndakatulo kuledzera ndiponso misala, si ofunika kukhulupirira ndi chidwi. Chotero mawonedwe kuti tawonani predominated mpaka cha m'ma XIX.

kulenga cholowa

Baibulo lina ali kuti kufa anali anakonza wolemba ngati zoterezi manja wotsiriza kwa anthu, okonda chinsinsi ndi mantha. Ndakatulo amamva zimene iye akufuna wowerenga. Iye anazindikira kuti Romanticism kwambiri wolephera kutchuka kwa zongoganiza, tickling misempha ndi kusunga pa zala zawo. Edgar Allan Poe, amene nkhani zinadzala liwuli wosangalatsa, mwaluso ophatikizana ndingaliro ndiponso mfundo zomveka. Anakhala mpainiya wa mtundu wanyimbo wa anthu ofufuza lachinsinsi. Ndithu danga ntchito za wolemba amatenga yopeka. Mabuku Edgar Allan Poe kusiyana ndi osakaniza m'maganizo ndi mfundo zomveka. Iye anaika mwambo oopsa mabuku American, kukonza mfundo za yopeka, anapereka dziko ofufuza lachinsinsi.

Lero, Edgar Allan Poe, amene mabuku ndi kudzoza kwa anthu ambiri, imatengedwa nthumwi ya intuitionism - nzeru zaumunthu malangizo imazindikira ulamuliro wa yodziŵiratu zinthu pasadakhale mu kuphunzira. Komabe, wolemba ankadziwa bwino kuti ntchito - komanso khama. Iye analenga mawonedwe wake zokongoletsa ndi ntchito zingapo pa chiphunzitso cha ndakatulo: "The Philosophy wa Art", "Nataniela Gotorna yochepa nkhani", "ndakatulo Mfundo". The "Eureka," wolemba anafotokoza ndi akatswiri epistemological malingaliro. chopereka Edgar Allan Poe kuti chitukuko cha mabuku, kuphatikizapo Mitundu ambiri ankakonda owerenga ano, ndi yofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa mbiri yake bwino mumadabwa kuti asawononge ndi tsogolo. Amene amadziwa, kuti alenge Poe ngati moyo anali abwino kwambiri kwa iye?