Wazomangamanga Santiago Calatrava ndi ntchito zake zotchuka

Kudzoza, kuphunzira wa Edene, njira luso, zitsulo ndi konkire - ndi Gawo la nyumba zazikulu ndi zinchito, analengedwa ndi wamanga lodziwika bwino amene nyumba sangathe aiwala pamene anawona. Izi Santiago Calatrava. ntchito zake akuyendera Spain, Switzerland, USA, Canada. Chilengedwe cha munthu uyu wapadera kuzindikira onse pa dziko ndi mochititsa manyazi. Calatrava amapangitsira malo aliwonse, kupanga izo wokongola kwambiri ndi zinchito. Spanish wamanga anapeza kuzindikira chifukwa kalembedwe futuristic, luso luso ndi aesthetics mu nyumba cholinga ndi zomwe zagwiridwa kale.

Santiago Calatrava: yonena

Near Valencia July 28, 1951 anabadwa anaumanga tsogolo la milatho, maofesi a masewera ndi nyumba zina zomwe zimakhudza maonekedwe awo zachilendo. Santiago ntchito ya bambo ake, ngakhale lolunjika pa malonda, koma iye ankakonda luso ndi anafuna kuphunzitsa masomphenya luso lolenga la dziko mwana wake. Choncho, ali aang'ono mnyamata anapita Prado Museum ndipo anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi zojambula ndi zosemasema. Mu zaka eyiti, Santiago Calatrava zowoneka kale zitawonetseredwa pa pepala Whatman pa luso sukulu ku Valencia.

zaka yovuta Spain apeza maphunziro zina kunja kwa boma kwawo. Mu zaka 13, makolo ulendo mwana Paris pa pulogalamu wophunzira kuwombola, pamene iye anali wodzazidwa ndi ukulu wa zomangamanga wa mzinda uwu wokongola. Chotsatira kupeza ntchito anali ophunzitsidwa ku University Polytechnic ya Valencia, Santiago Calatrava amene anamaliza mu 1973. Patapita zaka ziwiri, mnyamata anapita ku Switzerland komwe anapitiriza kuphunzira chinthu ankakonda m'munda wa zomangamanga, koma monga injiniya. zaka zinayi Santiago anaphunzira pa University of Technology wa Zurich. Ndi 1981, anakhala katswiri wa sayansi luso ndi woyambitsa wa situdiyo a zomangamanga ndi kumanga mu Switzerland.

Ntchito yoyamba ndi kuzindikira

Imodzi mwa ntchito choyamba, zimene zinabweretsa kuzindikira mayiko wa Santiago, anali malo okwerera sitima (Stadelhofen) mu Zurich. Ngakhale chithunzi cha m'maganizo mapulani anaonekera Santiago sukulu maphunziro. Ndi anzawo sayansi, anaikira ndipo anamanga dziwe. Koma sizinali ndithu losavuta masewera malo, kuzindikira kwake n'zotheka kusunga odutsa kwa osambira pansipa.

Ntchito Santiago Calatrava mu 1986 anawonjezera dongosolo latsopano kukhazikitsa mwakuchita zinapangitsa konkire mlatho galimoto kopita ku Valencia kwawo. Patapita chaka katswiri wamng'ono ntchitoyi anali kupereka Union mayiko a mapulani.

Mu 1989, Calatrava ndi ntchito yake anabwera kulanda French yomanga msika. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anatsegula situdiyo wake mu Paris ndi cholinga okwerera sitima ku Lyon. Santiago Calatrava anatsegula mu 1991 ku Valencia ofesi ya zomangamanga ndi kumanga.

Olympic

M'mayiko makamu zinthu padziko lonse zamasewera, monga ulamuliro, nthawi zonse kuyesa kupeza alendo woona, kudabwa alendo nyumba mapulani ndi gulu la chikondwerero. Choncho, mu zaka zonse akatswiri zabwino ankagwira ntchito yokonza wa Games Olympic. Mu 1992, masewera chilimwe inachitika ku Barcelona, ndi kumasulira mabuku chofunika awo telefoni nsanja. Inde, wamanga Santiago Calatrava asankhidwa kale ndi boma ngati katswiri yomanga nyumbayo mu chosaiwalika malo mu dziko.

Pa phiri la Montjuïc 136-mita nsanja inamangidwa zaka zitatu. Calatrava lingaliro anali kulenga kapangidwe ndi wothamanga muuni. Pa strangeness ili la izo sizinathetse. The spire ndi mtundu wa maola muvi, amene imagwera pa mthunzi nsanja m'munsi, potero limasonyeza nthawi.

Chilimwe Olympic 1992 - osati maseŵera, kumene iye adasiya amaonekera ntchito yake Spanish Mlengi. Mu 2004, Santiago Calatrava, anaitanidwa ya kukhazikitsanso Athens masewera zovuta.

Movement - Kodi maziko a ntchito za katswiri wa zomangamanga

The wamanga wa polojekiti akuyendera kunachokera kukopa wake dongosolo zoyendera ndi kusintha kayendedwe ka anthu. Koma mwa ntchito za mbuye tisaiwale inawomba nyumba yaitali zogona mu Malmo. Klauzury Santiago Calatrava, omwe anakhala maziko kwa chilengedwe cha nyumba modabwitsa wopangidwa ndi lingaliro kuyenda. Mu umodzi ndi nkhani unachitikira ku Institute Moscow, Santiago anati: "Zomangamanga pali anthu, ndi thupi bwanji zomangamanga mu mawu a kufanana, kayimbidwe kotani ndi makulidwe."

nyumba tichipeza naini zigawo pentagons, aliyense limene lili apansi asanu. Aliyense gawo anapotoza ndi kulemekeza yapita ndi lomaliza formations madigiri 90 wachibale woyamba. zaka zinayi kumanga nyumba. Mu 2005, 190-mita nsanja inali yololedwa anatsegula. Lero ali mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu mu Sweden, ndi nyumba chachiwiri yaitali kwambiri Europe.

Chiyambi cha m'ma 21: Mwayi Africa latsopano

Mu 2001, Boma la Wisconsin, pafupi alipo luso owonetsera zakale zovuta, anauka hema lachitatu Kvadrachchi. kudenga Vaulted, makina dzuwa visor ngati zikulilima wa mapiko a mbalame - lenileni structural kamangidwe ka nyumbayi, analengedwa ndi wanzeru ngati Santiago Calatrava. Photo zazikulu kapangidwe chidwi ndi zokongoletsa ake ndipo amachititsa khamu la alendo Nyanja Michigan. Galasi Pavilion modutsa ali mawonekedwe a parabola a. nyumba zonse owonetsera zakale Calatrava ogwirizana mu umodzi zovuta zovuta zopezera milatho pansi.

kukopa wina, kokha nthawi iyi mu South America, yagwiridwira mu 2001 ndi lingaliro Spanish wamanga a. Inasanduka Puente de A La Mujer. Engineering Kutulukira ali mlatho sayenda ofunika ndimeyi ziwiya lalikulu. Malinga ndi Mlengi, izo anamuuza kuti ichi kumanga nyimbo wamba. Ndipo wamanga ophatikizidwa kaimbidwe anamva mu kupanga mlatho Buenos Aires.

"Mzinda wa Tirhana na Sciences"

Injiniya Santiago Calatrava Kutulukira sanathe kunyalanyaza dziko lakwawo. Suli kutali Valencia, m'dera la 350,000 mamita ^2, ndi wapadera zovuta odzipereka kwa chikhalidwe ndi sayansi. Zinthu woyamba wa "mzinda" ndi: a planetarium, ndi mafilimu a kanema ndi chuma zisudzo laser. Mu 2000 iye anatsegula Museum of Science, komanso paki landscaped. Patapita nthawi, kutsegula kwa Ulaya oceanarium waukulu mu mawonekedwe a maluwa. ntchito a Felix Candela, wazomangamanga, pamodzi ndi Calatrava nawo ntchito yomanga malo chidwi Valencia. Nyumba lotsiriza la 'mudzi' anakhala Opera House. Mapulani zovuta lakonzedwa dziŵani munthu ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za luso, chikhalidwe, sayansi.

Usiku pamene kuwala amachokera mkati nyumba ndi kuzungulira mdima, zolengedwa zimenezi onse amafanana mafupa a nyama.

kutsutsa

ntchito Santiago osati anazindikira, komanso mtengo. Komanso, mtengo komaliza ntchito kuposa Ziwerengero koyamba, ndipo pali mikangano pa mawu kukhazikitsa. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, nyumba Calatrava ndi likulu la kumuyalutsa lapansi.

"Mzinda wa Tirhana na Sciences" ali asamalidwe mayuro miliyoni 900, zomwe katatu kuposa ndalama koyamba. The nyumba ya zovuta pa nthawi ya kutumidwa ake analibe lotulukira mwadzidzidzi ndi pothawira moto, ngakhale pambuyo zolakwika kuti inathetsedwa Santiago, koma likuvutika ndalama za boma.

Kupanga Santiago Calatrava, kukonza ndege akayakaya ku Bilbao, kuganizira mphamvu kukonza. Choncho, okwera amene zapita ulamuliro miyambo, amayenera kupatsidwa katundu pa msewu. Mu 2000, ndege nazonso pansi kuwonongedwa kwa zolakwa.

Bridge zubizuri kunapangitsa ndi slabs wa galasi mu nyengo mvula anatsimikizira malo zoopsa. Constitution Bridge ku Venice nayenso anyozedwa. Pali zifukwa osati kokha ndi katatu mtengo wa ntchito, komanso magwiridwe. Palibe ndiziwunda, ndi inunso phompho, zikhale zovuta kusuntha okalamba.

Okwerera sitima ku New York City

Yomanga mobisa siteshoni S-Bahn ku New York City pa malo a nsanja mapasa ndi anagwiritsanso pa ntchito ya Calatrava. Kulengedwa nyumba pamwamba pa nthaka amaoneka ngati mbalame anamasulidwa ku manja a mwanayo. Mkati pali subways, m'malo okwerera basi, okwerera, amene makoma opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi. Akamaliza ntchito zakonzedwa 2016 ndi mtengo wa biliyoni 4, ngakhale poyamba cholinga yomanga anali $ biliyoni 1,9.

buku lina odalirika m'buku amanena kuti mtengo wa zomangamanga siteshoni mwadala anakokomeza. Umboni wa olimba kafukufuku, amene anatumidwa polojekiti ku Spanish wamanga.

Pomaliza

Poyankha kutsutsa tinganene Poteteza katswiri wa zomangamanga kuti makasitomala ake apano - ndi kubwereza ogula. "Cholinga cha nyumba yanga - kuchita mzinda wapadera ndiponso kupangitsa zinachitikira anthu," - anati Santiago Calatrava. Zowoneka - izi ndi maitanidwe ake. Zingatanthauze kuti zimene akhoza kudabwa Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zofunika kamangidwe, monga milatho okwerera? Ntchito mwa Spanish mlengi, ndi nyumba, zipilala, nyumba, kuchilingalira.

Iye ndi woyambitsa wa nyumba makumi asanu kamangidwe, ndipo woposa khumi ndi ntchito akadali pansi chitukuko.