Weldability cha chitsulo: gulu. weldability wa gulu zitsulo

Zitsulo - ndicho structural zakuthupi. Ndi chitsulo mpweya aloyi ndi okhutira ndi zosafunika zosiyanasiyana. Onse zigawo zikuluzikulu m'gulu kapangidwe kake, zimakhudza katundu wa ingot lapansi. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zamakono zitsulo ndi luso kupanga welds apamwamba.

Zinthu kudziŵa weldability wachitsulo

Kufufuza weldability wa zitsulo opangidwa ndi mtengo waukulu index - mpweya ofanana C _Eq. Izi koyefishienti makonzedwe kunyezimiritsa digiri ya chikoka zili mpweya ndi alloying zinthu zazikulu mu makhalidwe china chotulutsa.

Weldability wa zitsulo anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. The mpweya okhutira.
2. Kupezeka kwa Mankhwala oipitsa.
3. Mlingo wa alloying.
4. View microstructure.
5. mmene chilengedwe.
6. zitsulo makulidwe.

The chizindikiro kwambiri nkhani ndi mipweya.

steels magulu weldability

Popeza zinthu izi zonse, weldability wa zitsulo ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana.

Gulu la steels kwa weldability.

• Good (a mtengo wa C _Eq ≥0,25%): pakuti mbali otsika mpweya zitsulo; zimadalira pa kakakulu mankhwala, nyengo, kupezeka kwa ntchito kukonzekera.
• Zokhutiritsa (0,25% ≤S _Eq ≤0,35%): pali zofooka za mikhalidwe chilengedwe ndi awiri a dongosolo kuti welded (kutentha kwa -5, mu nyengo bata, makulidwe 20 mm).
• Otetezedwa (0.35% ≤S _Eq ≤0,45%): mapangidwe khalidwe china chotulutsa pamafunika kuwonetsera m'mbuyomu. Imathandiza kuti 'kusalaza "kusintha austenitic, mapangidwe nyumba khola (ferrite-pearlite, bainitic).
• Osauka (P _Eq ≥0,45%): mapangidwe china chotulutsa umakaniko khola N'zosatheka yapita m'mbali kukonzekera kutentha zitsulo, komanso wotsatira kutentha mankhwala a dongosolo welded. Kupanga microstructure anakhumba, Kutentha zina ndi kuzirala madzimadzi.

weldability wa Magulu zitsulo kophweka kuyenda mbali zamakono zopangidwa enieni kuwotcherera chitsulo mpweya kasakaniza wazitsulo.

kutentha mankhwala

Kutengera ndi gulu la lolingana weldability wa steels ndi makhalidwe luso, makhalidwe a olowa welded zikhoza kusintha mwa makhalidwe motsatizana kutentha. Kuonetsetsa 4 lofunika njira ya kutentha mankhwala: kuumitsa, tempering, annealing ndi normalizing.

Ambiri ali oipa ndi tempering chifukwa chakulimba ndi mphamvu imodzi china chotulutsa, nkhawa akuvutika, kuteteza akulimbana. tempering digiri zimadalira chuma ndi katundu kufunika.

Kutentha mankhwala a nyumba zitsulo ntchito kukonzekera ikuchitika:

• annealing - kuthetsa mavuto mkati zitsulo, kuonetsetsa softness ake ndi pliability;
• yapita usavutike kuti kuchepetsa kusiyana kutentha.

Good ulamuliro vliyaniemi kutentha zimathandiza kuti:

• kukonzekera ntchito katunduyo (kuchotsa nkhawa zonse za mkati mwa akupera mbewu);
• kuchepetsa kutentha gradients pa zitsulo ozizira;
• kusintha khalidwe la chinthu welded ndi kutentha microstructure uphungu.

Notebook Sinthani katundu ndi kusintha kutentha kungakhale wamba kapena ambiri. m'mphepete ndi usavutike ndi mpweya kapena zida za magetsi. Kutenthetsa gawo lonse ndi ng'anjo apadera ntchito kuzirala yosalala.

Mmene microstructure pa katundu

Akamanena za njira kutentha mankhwala zochokera masinthidwe structural mkati ingot ndi zotsatira zawo pa zitsulo solidified. Choncho, pamene mkangano ndi kutentha kwa 727 C ndi wosakaniza mbewu austenitic dongosolo. Yozizira njira amasankha njira kutembenuka:

1. Mkati ng'anjo (liwiro 1s / Mph) - anapanga pearlite kapangidwe ndi kuwumitsa 200 HB (Brinell kuuma).
2. Mu mlengalenga (10 ° C / Mph) - sorbitol (ferritic-pearlitic tirigu) kuuma 300 HB.
3. Mafuta (100 ° C / Mph) - troostite (ferrite-cementite microstructure), 400 HB.
4. Madzi (1000˚S / Mph) - martensite: olimba (600 HB), koma osalimba dongosolo acicular.

Kuwotcherera pawiri ayenera kuuma zokwanira, mphamvu, zizindikiro khalidwe la ductility Koma martensitic makhalidwe china chotulutsa si zovomerezeka. Low mpweya kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi ferritic, ferritic-pearlitic, ferritic-austenitic dongosolo. Sing'anga ndi srednelegirovannye zitsulo - pearlite. Mkulu mpweya ndi mkulu - martensitic kapena troostite kuti ndikofunika kubweretsa ferritic-austenitic malingaliro.

Kuwotcherera wa steels mpweya

Weldability anatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa steels mpweya ndi zosafunika mpweya. Iwo amatha kuwotcha, osatembenukira ku mawonekedwe gaseous ndi kupereka otsika khalidwe china chotulutsa porosity. Sulfa ndi phosphorous ndi anaikira pa m'mbali mwa mbewu, kuwonjezera fragility dongosolo la. Kuwotcherera wa chosavuta kwambiri, amafuna munthu njira.

Mpweya zitsulo mwachizolowezi khalidwe m'magulu atatu: A, B ndi C. The ntchito kuwotcherera ikuchitika ndi zitsulo za gulu B.

Weldability wa zitsulo sukulu VSt1 - VSt4, malinga GOST 380-94, yodziwika ndi kupanda zoletsa ndi zofunika zina. Kuwotcherera mwatsatanetsatane awiri mpaka 40 mamilimita sikuchita magetsi. Zotheka zizindikiro masitampu: T - mkulu manganese zili; kp, Masalmo, SP - "kuwira", "theka-kuphedwa," "kudzilimbitsa", motero.

Wofatsa khalidwe zitsulo ukufanizidwa ndi chizindikiro m'pamene hundredths mpweya nusu, kusonyeza mlingo wa deoxidation ndi wokhutira manganese (GOST 1050-88): zitsulo 10 (komanso 10PP, 10ps, 10G), 15 (komanso 15kp, 15 Sal, 15g), 20 (komanso 20kp, 20ps, 20g).

Kuonetsetsa khalidwe msoko china chotulutsa dziwe ayenera kuchititsa ndondomeko machulukitsidwe ndi mpweya manganite C ndi MN.

Njira kuwotcherera:

1. MMA ntchito yapadera poyamba calcined elekitirodi awiri a mamilimita 2 mpaka 5. Mitundu: E38 (kwa sing'anga-nyonga), E42, E46 (kwa mphamvu wabwino mpaka 420 MPa), E42A, E46A (mkulu mphamvu nyumba zovuta ndi ntchito zawo mu zochitika zapadera). Kuwotcherera ndodo 5 ndi GMM UONI 13/45 anachita pansi panopa zonse. Ntchito ndi maelekitirodi masentimita 7, OMA-2, masentimita 11 akutsatiridwa iliyonse makhalidwe panopa.
2. Gasi kuwotcherera. nthawi zambiri si zofunika, koma n'zotheka. Imagwiridwa ntchito filler waya St-08, St-08A, 08GA-St, St-08GS. Woonda zitsulo nizkouglerodistyj (d 8mm) welded kumanzere njira, wakuda (d 8mm) - bwino. Kuipa china chotulutsa katundu n'zotheka kuchotsa ndi normalizing kapena annealing.

Kuwotcherera otsika mpweya steels ntchito popanda magetsi zina. Kuti mumve mawonekedwe ophweka palibe malamulo. Volumetric ndi truss nyumba kofunika kuteteza mphepo. Zovuta zinthu zofunika kuti china chotulutsa mu mbewu pa kutentha m'munsimu 5 ° C.

Choncho, sitampu VSt1 - VSt4 zitsulo 10 - zitsulo 20 - wabwino weldability, pafupifupi popanda chiletso, muyezo amafuna kusankha munthu wa njira kuwotcherera, mtundu elekitirodi ndi makhalidwe panopa.

Sing'anga ndi mkulu mpweya structural zitsulo

Machulukitsidwe mpweya aloyi amachepetsa mphamvu yake kupanga mfundo zabwino. The ndondomeko kutentha kwa Arc zotsatira mpweya lawi kapena sulfa anapeza pa m'mbali mwa mbewu, zikubweretsa brittleness, phosphorous - kuti brittleness ozizira. Nthawi zambiri welded zipangizo doped ndi manganese.

Izi zikuphatikizapo ochiritsira structural zitsulo khalidwe VSt4, VSt5 (GOST 380-94), khalidwe 25, 25G, 30, 30G, 35, 35g, 40, 45G (GOSTt 1050-88) osiyana zitsulo.

Akamanena za ntchito ndi kuchepetsa mpweya mu china chotulutsa dziwe zitsulo machulukitsidwe m'menemo pakachitsulo ndi manganese, kuonetsetsa luso mulingo woyenera. Nkofunika kuteteza kwambiri mpweya zomvetsa, kungachititse destabilization katundu mawotchi.

NKHANI steels kuwotcherera ndi sing'anga ndi mkulu mpweya okhutira:

1. Primal anasonyeza 100-200˚S m'mbali kuti m'lifupi 150 mm. Only mtundu VSt4 ndi zitsulo 25 welded popanda magetsi zina. Kwa a sing'anga ndi weldability zogwira mtima, isanayambe ntchito kutulutsa normalization zonse. Mkulu mpweya kofunika kukonzekera annealing.
2. Arc kuwotcherera ikuchitika calcined maelekitirodi TACHIMATA kuyambira kukula 3 mpaka 6 mm (matchalitchi anayamba-2, UONI-13/55, ELN-7) pansi panopa zonse. zotheka kuti ntchito kamwazi sing'anga kapena mpweya zoteteza (NKHA _2, argon).
3. Gasi kuwotcherera anachita carburizing lawi kumanzere unsembe kwa yapita mkangano 200 ° C kutentha pa yunifolomu otsika magetsi acetylene.
4. The malamulo kutentha mankhwala mbali: Kuthetsa ndi tempering kapena osiyana yobwereka kuchepetsa nkhawa mkati popewa akulimbana, pokonza wa martensite ndi mtima nyumba troostite.
5. Fundo malo kuwotcherera ikuchitika popanda malamulo.

Choncho, medium- kwa mkulu mpweya steels structural ndi welded ndi pafupifupi palibe ufulu pa kutentha kunja osati poyerekeza 5 ° C. Pa kutentha m'munsi chofunika Kutentha ndi kuyamba apamwamba kutentha mankhwala.

Kuwotcherera otsika aloyi steels

Alloyed zitsulo - zitsulo ndi pa kusungunuka ladzala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana pofuna kupeza katundu kufunika. Pafupifupi onsewo ndi zotsatira zabwino pa kuuma ndi mphamvu. Chromium ndi faifi tambala m'gulu kutentha kasakaniza wazitsulo kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Vanadium ndi pakachitsulo ALIMBIKITSENI elasticity, ulusi ntchito kupanga akasupe. Molybdenum, manganese, titaniyamu, kumapangitsanso avale kukana, tungsten - wofiira kuuma. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira zabwino pa katundu wa mbali, iwo amanyoza weldability chitsulo. Komanso, kuwonjezera mlingo wa oipa ndi mapangidwe nyumba martensitic mavuto mkati ndi chiopsezo Ming'alu matabwa a.

Weldability steels aloyi linanena ndi mankhwala awo zikuchokera.

Low mpweya, otsika-alloyed 2GS, 14G2, 15g, 20g (GOST 4543-71), 15HSND, 16G2AF (GOST 19281-89) ndi kuti welded. M'mikhalidwe muyezo musati amafuna Kutentha zina ndi kutentha mankhwala pa kumalizidwa kwa ndondomekoyi. Pankhaniyi, ngakhale pali zoletsa zina:

• Yopapatiza osiyanasiyana zovomerezeka modes matenthedwe.
• Ntchito ikuchitika pa kutentha -10˚S osati m'munsi (m'mikhalidwe kutentha otsika mumlengalenga, koma osati m'munsi -25˚S ntchito preheating 200 ° C).

njira zotheka:

• Arc kuwotcherera ndi DC mphamvu ya 40 mpaka 50, ndi maelekitirodi E55, E50A, E44A.
• Makinawa kuwotcherera Arc adalowetsedwa ntchito filler waya 08GA-St, St-10 ha.

Weldability 09G2S 10G2S1 komanso wabwino, zofunika ndi njira zotheka kuchita chimodzimodzi ngati kuti kasakaniza wazitsulo 12GS, 14G2, 15g, 20g, 15HSND, 16G2AF. Yofunika khalidwe 09G2S kasakaniza wazitsulo 10G2S1 palibe kufunika kukonzekera m'mphepete kwa zinthu cm 4 awiri.

steels Srednelegirovannoj kuwotcherera

Srednelegirovannye zitsulo 20HGSA, 25HGSA, 35HGSA (GOST 4543-71) kutulutsa kukana wamkulu mapangidwe seams unstrained. Iwo ali gulu ndi weldability zogwira mtima. Amafuna Pre-Kutentha kutentha 150-200˚S, ndi matabwa multilayered, lakhala ndi tempering kumapeto kwa kuwotcherera. Embodiments:

• Mphamvu panopa ndi awiri a elekitirodi pamene kuwotcherera Arc mosamalitsa anasankha malingana ndi makulidwe zitsulo, amaganizira kuti n'kakang'ono m'mphepete mphamvu pansi othetsa pa ntchito. Choncho, pamene tinachita 2-3 mamilimita awiri mtengo wa panopa ayenera kukhala mkati 50-90 A. Pamene makulidwe a m'mbali mwa 7-10 mamilimita DC mphamvu zosiyana polarity masiku ano kuchuluka kwa 200 A ntchito 4-6mm maelekitirodi. Ntchito ndodo ndi mapadi kapena kashiamu zokutira fluor oteteza (18HGSA-St, St-18HMA).
• Ntchito, kutetezedwa mpweya NKHA ₂ m'pofunika ntchito St-08G2S waya sv-10G2, 10GSMT-St, St-08H3G2SM awiri mpaka 2 mm.

Nthawi zambiri zinthuzi ntchito njira TIG kuwotcherera kapena m'madzi.

Kutentha zosagwira ndi mkulu-mphamvu steels

Kuwotcherera ndi thermostable chitsulo mpweya aloyi 12MH, 12H1M1F, 25H2M1F, 15H5VF ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi preheating kutentha 300-450˚S ndi kuzima chomaliza mtima.

• Arc njira kuwotcherera kugwa chilolezo multilayer msoko ntchito calcined maelekitirodi TACHIMATA UONII 13 / 45MH, CCR-3, 30-63-CL, CL 39.
• kotunga mpweya wa kuwotcherera acetylene 100 DM ³ / mamilimita ntchito zipangizo filler sv-08HMFA, St-18HMA. kugwirizana chitoliro imagwiridwa ndi mpweya Kutentha yoyamba olowa onse.

Pamene kuwotcherera mkulu-mphamvu zipangizo srednelegirovannoj 14H2GM, 14H2GMRB zofunika kutsogoleredwa ndi malamulo mofanana steels kutentha zosagwira, kutenga nkhani zina mokoma ndi:

• Mokwanira yoyeretsa ya m'mbali ndi zopalira ntchito mphika.
• Mkulu kutentha calcination elekitirodi (mpaka 450˚S).
• Preheating kuti 150˚S mfundo makulidwe kuposa 2 cm.
• Wosakwiya kuzirala msoko.

mkulu-aloyi zitsulo

Kugwiritsa ntchito luso lapadera n'kofunika pamene kuwotcherera mkulu-aloyi steels. Zikuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana yaikulu zosapanga dzimbiri, kutentha zosagwira ndi kutentha zosagwira kasakaniza wazitsulo, ena mwa iwo: 09H16N4B, 15H12VNMF, 10H13SYU, 08H17N5MZ, 08H18G8N2T, 03H16N15MZB, 15H17G14A9. Weldability wa zitsulo (GOST 5632-72) wa gulu 4.

weldability wa zitsulo mkulu mpweya mkulu-Mbali:

1. M'pofunika ndichepe pano pafupifupi ndi 10-20% chifukwa awo matenthedwe madutsidwe otsika.
2. Kuwotcherera ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi kusiyana ndi, maelekitirodi mpaka 2 mm.
3. Kuchepetsa wa phosphorous, kutsogolera sulfure, antimony, kukulitsa cha kukhalapo molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten TACHIMATA pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo wapadera.
4. Kufunika kupanga china chotulutsa wosanganiza microstructure (ferrite + austenite). Izi amapereka ductility zitsulo unayikidwa ndi kuchepetsa nkhawa mkati.
5. Amafuna Kutentha m'mbali madzulo kuwotcherera. kutentha amusankha mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 100 mpaka 300˚S, malingana ndi machenjerero a microstructure.
6. Kusankha maelekitirodi lokutidwa mu kuwotcherera Arc ndi chimafotokozera mtundu wa tirigu, katundu ndi zinthu opaleshoni mbali: chifukwa austenitic zitsulo 12H18N9: UONII 13 / nkhanza, RLA-7 RLA 14 lokutidwa-06H19N9T St, St-02H19N9; chifukwa martensitic zitsulo 20H17N2: UONII 10H17T, AN-B-10 St-08H17T ❖ kuyanika; chifukwa austenitic-ferritic 12H21N5T zitsulo: CL 33 St-08H11V2MF ❖ kuyanika.
7. Pamene acetylene mpweya kuwotcherera chakudya ayenera zikugwirizana mtengo 70-75 ^dm3 / mamilimita ntchito filler waya - 02H19N9T-St, St-08H19N10B.
8. N'zotheka kugwira adalowetsedwa ntchito nkhanza-8.

Zitsulo Weldability - wachibale chizindikiro. Izo zimatengera mipweya ya zitsulo, microstructure ake ndi thupi katundu. Choncho luso kupanga mkulu khalidwe kugwirizana zikhoza kusintha kudzera dala zamakono njira, kuwapatsa zipangizo zina zapadera ndi zinthu ntchito ntchito.