"Wowononga": mwachidule. "Wowononga" - Nkhani ya Kuprin

Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich anayamba kulemba kumapeto kwa zaka zana. Iyi inali nthawi yovuta kwambiri ku Russia ndi ku Ulaya. Choncho, imodzi mwazitukuko m'ntchito yake ndi kulengeza za malingaliro aumunthu, osasuntha ndi ofunika nthawi zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, kuphunzira za moyo wa munthu yemwe amadzipeza yekha pakati pa dziko lopanda ungwiro, akuwululira mbali ziwiri zowala ndi zakuda, zimakhala zokhazikika.

Mu 1990, wolemba uja anafalitsa nkhani "Don speech" nkhani "Wowonjezera wa Ingolstadt." Ndemanga za anthu zokhudzana ndi anthu ogwira ntchitoyi nthawizonse zakhala zoipa, koma kwenikweni ndi munthu uyu amene amakhala wokoma mtima wa Kuprin ndi kuyankha. Kukonzekera kwa nthawi ndi malo ochitapo kanthu kunatilola kuti tibwezeretsenso moyo wa chirengedwe womwe umalowa mu malo enaake omwe umakhalapo ndipo umapangitsa chidwi cha owerenga kukhala ndi makhalidwe osagwedezeka.

Kumapeto kwa zaka zana

Nkhani yakuti "Wowononga" - dzina lake linakhala losavuta - limayamba ndi kufotokozera zovuta zandale mumzinda wawung'ono ku Bavaria - Ingolstadt. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1199, nkhondo yolimbana kwambiri inagonjetsedwa ku Germany pakati pa magulu awiri amphamvu: Guelphs, Otsatira Papa, ndi otsutsa awo, The Ghibellines. Zinaphatikizapo anthu okhala m'dzikoli, kuchokera ku madera kupita kwa anthu osavuta. Kawirikawiri adaniwo anali mamembala a banja limodzi, ndi zokopa, kusakhulupirika, magulu a asilikali ankadziwika kwambiri. Zinkawoneka kuti chilengedwe chokha chimakhudzana ndi mkangano uwu pakati pa anthu. Nthawi yozizira ndi yozizira yonse yakuda chisanu sanakumbukire ngakhale anthu akale, ndipo m'mwamba mlengalenga ambiri anaona mtanda waukulu wa moto, ndiye miyezi iwiri. Zonsezi, malinga ndi kukhudzidwa kwa akatswiri a zakuthambo ndi okhulupirira nyenyezi, zinkaimira chitsiriziro cha dziko lapansi, ndipo nkhani zoterozo zimakondweretsa anthu nthawi zonse. Ndiye akuyamba nkhani ya A. Kuprin (mukuwerenga mwachidule).

"Wowononga": mlendo wosamvetsetseka

Tsiku la mwambowu likudziwika bwino. Usiku wa Khirisimasi, munthu wina wofooka anayenda pafupi ndi makoma a Ingolstadt. Atavekedwa mu ubweya, koma chovala chovala chovala ndipo ankamenyera chipewa, nthawi zambiri ankabwerera kumphepo ndikuyesa kupuma. Zinthuzo zinali zovuta kwambiri ndi zida zachisanu, zomwe nthawi zina anthu ankagwada pamondo. Poyamba, zovalazo zinapereka chithunzi chonse cha umunthu wake. Komabe, kuoneka kosauka kwa mlendo sikukugwirizana ndi nsapato zazikulu ndi lupanga zobisika pansi pa suti, kusonyeza kuti sizinali zongoganizira chabe.

Ambiri mwa nkhani za Kuprin amasiyana kwambiri ndi malingaliro a chiwembu. Makhalidwe amenewa amapezeka mu "Executioner". Mnyamatayo, yemwe adayima pamtunda, adayendayenda mumzindawu kuchokera kumbali zonse, adakhumudwa kuti mlathowo udali kale. Koma iye, mwachiwonekere, ankadziwa deralo bwino, chifukwa iye anapitirira nthawi yomweyo. Atayenda mtunda wautali mamita mazana awiri, mlendoyo adatsika pansi molimba, napondaponda chisanu pamaso pake. Zinatenga ola limodzi asanakhale mbali inayo. Atatuluka m'dzenjemo, woyendayo adapeza chingwe m'thumba mwake, anamanga chingwe cholimba kuchokera pamenepo, chomwe adachiponya mano ake. Patangopita mphindi zochepa, adasunthira mosamala pazenera ndikupita ku Ingolstadt.

Makamu achiwawa

Mzindawu unkawoneka wosatha. Panalibe anthu pamsewu, ndipo zipata zonse ndi zitseko zinatsekedwa. Pano ndi apo, kupyola ming'alu zitseko ndi zitseko, kuwala kwa moto kunadutsa.

Nkhani yakuti "Wowononga" Kuprin akupitiriza kufotokozera kuti wopambana sakuyesera kupeza malo ogona. Poyamba mlendoyo anapita kunyumba yayikulu ndipo adagogoda pakhomo. Ndinayenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali. Potsiriza, mwiniwakeyo mosakayika anafunsa kuchokera kumbuyo kwa chitseko yemwe mdierekeziyu anabweretsa. Pempho la mlendo kuti amulowe m'nyumba, adayankha ndi kukana ndi kutemberera. Chifukwa cha mantha, adawopsyeza kuti adzamasula agalu. Mnyamatayo anayankha motero ndi matemberero nati: "Tiyeni tiwone, bambo burgomaster, kuti muyimbire mawa." Osati choponderezedwa chokhacho chinali chigonjetso cha nkhaniyi - zokambiranazi zikuphatikizidwa ndi zokambirana zomwe zikufotokozedwa ndi zomwe zilipo mwachidule.

"Wowonongayo" akupitiriza ndi kukambirana kwa alonda otetezeka omwe mwangozi anamva munthu amene akuyenda pakhomo pakhomo. Iwo ankanena kuti moyo mumzindawu unali woipa kwambiri pamene a Gibellines adamuyendetsa Mkulu wa Henry, ndikuti anali okonzekera chirichonse, chifukwa cha kubwerera kwawo. Mawu awa anamupangitsa mlendo kusekerera kosangalatsa komwe kunkawoneka kosadabwitsa pa nkhope ya malungo.

Miyambo yachikale

Woyendayenda amayenda kuzungulira mzinda wonse, koma paliponse: pafupi ndi nyumba yopindulitsa, ndi nyumba yosauka - ndinamva pondipempha kuti andilole ndikugona. Chikhalidwe ichi cha anthu a mmudzimo chinalongosola mawu a mayi wina wachikulire. Anauza mlendo wosayembekezera kuti mawa adakali kulandira ndikudyetsa mbale zokoma kwambiri. Koma lero, nthawi ya Khirisimasi, choncho, pamodzi ndi mlendo, adzalola mavuto ake onse kulowa mnyumba mwake. Palibe moyo wamoyo mu Ingolstadt yense amene adagwidwa chifundo ndi anthu odzazidwa ndi chisanu, omwe anali ndi njala - ichi ndi chigamulo chomwe chigawo cha ntchito ndi zolemba zake mwachidule zikuwerengera. "Wopha" akuwonetsa momwe zikhulupiliro zotchuka zingabweretse mavuto. Mnyamatayo anali atatopa kale: miyendo yake sinamvere, ndipo maso ake anatseguka. Pang'ono pang'ono - ndipo iye akhoza kugwa pa chisanu kuti asayuke konse.

Nyumba yodalirika komanso anthu okhalamo

Pofuna malo obisala, wolimba mtima wa nkhaniyo anafikira Danube palokha. Ndipo mwadzidzidzi, kutali ndi nyumbayi, adawona nyumba yayikulu komanso yowoneka bwino, yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitu yosauka yopangidwa kunja kwa nyumba. Pafupi ndi iye panalibe mpanda, kotero mlendoyo amakhoza kupita kuwindo, osati kutsekedwa, ndi kuyang'ana mkati. M'chipinda mwake adawona chithunzichi. Patebulo panali munthu, wamtali, ndi mapewa aakulu ndi khosi, manja akulu. Chilichonse pa maonekedwe ake chinaperekedwa "mphamvu yoopsa" - anati Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich. Koma chinthu chachikulu chimene chinamukhudza woyendayenda, - nkhope yowopsya, yovunda. Zinkawoneka kwa mlendoyo kuti sanakhudzidwe konse ndi kumwetulira. Pafupi ndi tebuloyo panali mtsikana ndipo anatumikira mwiniwakeyo.

Chilendo chodabwitsa

Wulendoyo adagogoda pakhomo ndipo adalandira chilolezo cholowa. Iye anali mu chipinda chowotcha kwambiri ndipo anamva nyama yophika. Mwadzidzidzi, mnyamatayo anadandaula, kuyambira lero ndipo mawa sakufuna kugwira ntchito. Koma ataona kuti adziwonetsera yekha, adachita mantha. Iye sanakane mlendoyo, pomwe adavomereza mbuye wake, kumalo osungirako ana amasiye, koma adawopa mantha pa kukhala wololera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mlendo amachoka panyumbamo atangodziwa amene akukhalamo. Komabe, woyendetsa wotopa ndi wanjala sanafunse mafunso, koma anayankha yekha kuti samasamala za maphunziro a mbuye wake. Atakhala pa tebulo, mlendoyo adayamba kudya.

Mau oyamba

Mlendo amene adya nyamayo sanazindikire mwamsanga kuti mwiniwakeyo adayima pakati pa chipinda ndipo sadakhala pansi patebulo. Anayamba kunena kuti anali wosasangalala, pamene adasokoneza chakudya cha wina. Koma mwamunayo adafuna kuti asamacheze naye, ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu mlendo anamusiya yekha. Pambuyo pake, atayenda, adamwa vinyo wonyeketsa ndipo adakhala wosangalala pambuyo pa masiku angapo akuyendayenda, adayang'ananso mbuyeyo. Anamupangitsa kumva kuyamikira komanso chisoni chachilendo. Mwadzidzidzi mlendoyo adanyamuka kuchokera patebulo, adadziwonetsera yekha: "Henry II, Lev-Anna ..." ndipo pomvera mawu ake adalamula mwiniwake kuti apereke dzina lake. Wotsirizirayo adagwa pansi pamaso pake pansi ndipo adafuula kuti anali Karl Eisenman, wakupha. Kufufuza za ntchito yake sikunatchulidwe bwino. Izi zikufotokozera chifukwa chake ankaopa kudzidziwitsa yekha mwamsanga.

Zotsatira zosadziwika

Mkuluyu anadandaula poyamba, koma nthawi yomweyo anatenga lupanga lake ndikumubaya mbuye wake pamapewa. Imeneyi inali njira yokonzekera makina. Potsirizira pake nkhaniyo - mukuwerenga mwachidule zake - "Wowononga". Zingotsimikiziranso kuti Carl von Eisenman anamwalira ngati msilikali, kuteteza mtsogoleri wake. Pambuyo pa imfa ya munthu amene kale anali wakupha mnzake wa Ingolstadt, banja lake linatha, popeza analibe ana.

Zosiyana za bukuli

Nkhani za Kuprin zimakonda kunena za munthu amene ali ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ndipo zonyamulira zawo sizinthu zopambana zodabwitsa kunja. Zinthu zofananazi zimawoneka mu ntchitoyi.

M'dziko lamasautso lodzala ndi kusayanjanitsidwa ndi nkhanza ndi umunthu, munthu wodandaula ndi wokanidwa wonyalanyaza amathandiza munthu wamba wosadziwika. Mwachikhalidwe cha ntchito zake ndi kumvera chifuniro cha ena, akukakamizidwa kutaya miyoyo ya oweruzidwa, chotero zimawoneka ngati zopanda pake. Koma ku Ingolstadt, kuphatikizapo udani ndi udani, pamene malingaliro a ulemu ndi udindo anali oiwalika, Eisenman yekha ndi amene ali ndi chifundo komanso umunthu. Sangalole kuti mlendo wathunthu asatayike, ndipo mobwerezabwereza wolamulira wa Saxony amamulemekeza, kuzindikira ufulu wakukhululukira ndi imfa yolemekezeka - mphindi yofunikira ya zaka za m'ma 500.

Kotero amphona a nkhani za Kuprin amalengeza chikondi ndi kudalira anthu, ukulu wa malingaliro awo ndi zochita zawo.