Ntchito za Leo Tolstoy: Lembani

Monga Pushkin mu ndakatulo, kotero Tolstoy mu prose ndi chirichonse chathu! Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale kuti Lev Nikolaevich ali ndi mabuku asanu okha, omwe ndi ma buku ochepa okha ndi "trilogy". Adolescence. Achinyamata ». Nkhani, nthano, nthano, ndakatulo, matembenuzidwe, ntchito zodabwitsa - zimadziwika kuti ndizochepa, zomwe sizikuyenerera konse. Mwina, powakumbukira nthawi zambiri, ambiri angapeze Tolstoy yatsopano.

Chiyambi cha wolemba pulose, malemba ake

Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ntchito ya Leo Tolstoy ndi chithunzi chochokera kwa wolemba mwiniwakeyo: kukhala pakati pa "ojambula okhazikika" ndi "woganiza bwino". Izi ndizo zomwe ofufuza a ntchito ya wolemba akhala akuyesera kuti awonongeke mu ma atomu kwa zaka zambiri. Ntchito za Leo Tolstoy ndi nyumba yosungiramo zosangalatsa zawo. Makhalidwe abwino ndi filosofi, kumizidwa kwathunthu mu mafilimu awiriwa, amapangitsa owerenga kukhala osangalala powerenga, kuchokera kwa olemba, otsutsa, olemba mbiri - chikhumbo chosamvetsetseka chofuna kufufuza, kulingalira ndi kutsutsana.

Zina mwa izo zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa mlembi mu zigawo ziwiri, makina osiyana ndikumenyana wina ndi mzake. Ali kale kuntchito yake yoyamba - "Ubwana ndi unyamata" - filosofi ya mafano mu mawonetseredwe ake abwino akuwululira kwa owerenga tsatanetsatane yodabwitsa ya wolemba monga Leo Tolstoy. Nkhani za wolemba ndi ntchito zake zonse zimapangidwa mwachizolowezi chosayenerera chomwe chinamupatsa ulemerero wa mlembi wamkulu wa Russian.

Ntchito 5 zapamwamba za Leo Tolstoy

Zamakono zathu zimachokera ku tanthauzo la "Zabwino Kwambiri" (mwa ife, "Best Books of Writer"), m'malo mwake ndi Top-10, Top-100. Tiyeni tiyese kupanga a Top-10 omwe amawoneka bwino kwambiri a Lev Nikolaevich.

Malo oyamba adayankhulira mabuku awiri - "Anna Karenina" ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere." Aliyense wa ife ali ndi zifukwa zake zokha pofuna kukonda mmodzi wa iwo, amene tikanamukweza pamwamba. Kuwabweretsa - ndizosavuta, ndipo mkangano ukhoza kuyendetsa. Mu Top Parade yathu timapereka malo oyamba kwa awiriwa, ndipo timapita ku yachiwiri.

Buku la "Sunday", trilogy "Childhood. Adolescence. Achinyamata ", buku loti" Kreutzer Sonata "," Notes of the Madman "," Morning of the Landowner "- onse amawerengeka, okondedwa komanso akufunidwabe ndi ojambula mafilimu ndi otsogolera maofesi padziko lonse lapansi. Ngati nkhaniyi ndi yowonjezereka kuti yatsimikizidwe pachitatu, ndipo buku la trilogy ndi trilogy linachokera pa yachiwiri, ndiye kuti mphoto yamtengo wapatali imawerengera ntchito zisanu ndi ziwiri zabwino kwambiri za Tolstoy. Kwa malo atatu otsalawa, pamwamba pa 10, timagwirizana ndi "Sevastopol Stories", nkhani "Hadji Murat" ndi ntchito yovuta "Power of Darkness, kapena Claws yatha, nkhuku yonse ndizovuta".

Zoonadi, khumi ndi awiri, omwe tinatchula ntchito zabwino za Leo Tolstoy - zongoganizira za mutuwo, koma zikuthekanso kuti zimagwirizana ndi maganizo a owerenga ambiri.

"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - za ndani ndi za chiyani

Wowerenga wosawerengeka sanadzifunse funso, koma kwenikweni, ndi buku liti? Ponena za nkhondo ndi Napoleon komanso kulimba mtima kwa asilikali a Russia, za kulimbika mtima ndi kulimba mtima kwa asilikari athu, za ulemu ndi ulemu wa olemekezeka kapena zokhudzana ndi ubale wa anthu omwe akuyesedwa chifukwa cha zovuta za boma?

Ntchito yodabwitsa, kumene wolembayo akuyesa Leo Tolstoy - "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"! Wolemba ngati kuti akuitanira wowerenga aliyense kuti apeze yankho la funso: Ndani amasamala za nkhondo - kufotokoza kwa nkhondo zazikulu zili ndi kulondola kovomerezeka kwathunthu, yemwe akufuna kuti alowe m'mawu okongola omwe amachitidwa ndi olembawo - adzapeza mu buku lomwe akufuna.

Mwachidule, mawonekedwe, chinenero cha ntchito, yomwe ili buku la "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", mzere uliwonse umakhudzidwa ndi chinthu chachikulu - chimwemwe cha moyo wamba, kuti mwachisoni, kuti mu chimwemwe. Mmenemo, zonsezi ndi zofanana, sitepe ndi sitepe, zimagwirizanitsa ndi mayesero ndi zopinga zonse. Zabwino, mwachibadwa, zogonjetsa, ndi imfa zoipa zimagonjetsedwa.

Kodi Anna Karenina anamvera chisoni Mlengi wake?

Monga mu Nkhondo ndi Mtendere, mu Anna Karenina pali chikondi chachikondi cha polar: chokwezeka, choyera, chopanda uchimo, ndipo antipode yake ndi yoipa kwambiri, pafupifupi yakuda. Tolstoy amachititsa wophunzirayo kutanthauzira ubale wa Anna ndi Vronsky pamakutu a "kuwala," kumulola kuti asankhe kuchuluka kwa kukwezeka kwawo kapena kudzichepetsa kwawo. Wolemba amayesa kuti asamange makoma a konkire pakati pa tanthawuzo izi, kusintha kuchokera ku dziko lina kupita ku china sikuwonekere: pa mzere umodzi timakumana ndi chidziwitso chonse cha chikondi ichi, pamzake - chilango chake chonse. Ndipo ngati milatho yovuta, koma nthawi zambiri pakati pa mizereyi - kuzunzidwa kwa anthu otchuka, kukayikira kwawo ndi kusankha kotsiriza, ziribe kanthu.

Ndiye kodi wolembayo amapereka chiyani kwa khalidwe lake? Kulikonza, kumvetsa chisoni, chifundo, zothandizira? Tolstoy pano amachita ngati chikhalidwe chosagwirizana - mu ntchito zake zonse, chikondi chophwanya malamulo chidzawonongedwa. Mlembi adamulenga iye, kuti amusonyeze kupha kwake pomangirira ena. Chithunzi chomwe chimayambitsa chifundo sichikupangitsani kuti muvutike kwambiri.

"Ubwana" ndi umodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za Tolstoy

Malo otchuka mu choloweza cha wolemba ndi nkhaniyi. Osati ntchito yoyamba, kumene adadziwika yekha ngati Leo Tolstoy wolemba mabuku - "Ubwana". Osati chifukwa chakuti wowerenga amavutika ndi mavuto a munthu wamng'ono yemwe sitingathe kumvetsetsa anthu akuluakulu, omwe amawona dziko limene akukhala mwanjira yayikulu, samamva zabwino ndi zoipa, zowona komanso zabodza. Wowerenga akutsatira Nikolenko wa sukulu ya kukula kwake, amamufufuza ndi zochita za ena, amaphunzira kulandira dziko lapansi momwe akuliwonera.

Kukhoza kwa mnyamata kuganiza mwakuya, chinyengo, zochitika zake podziwa kuti makhalidwe awa osamvetsetsa omwe iye amawona mwa iyemwini, amamupangitsa wowerenga kuti ayang'ane mmbuyo ali wakhanda ndikukambiranso zochita zake. Nicholas angaphunzire kukonda anthu, osati anthu okhawo amene amakhala nawo, komanso omwe ali ochezeka ndi iye kapena chinachake chimene chinamukonda mtima wa mwana wake. Ndipo nkhaniyi imaphunzitsa momwe sitiwononge chikondi ichi. Kukhoza kuwerenga pakati pa mizere kudzapereka zambiri kwa iwo omwe amayesa kumvetsa ntchitoyi, komanso pulogalamu yaing'ono yolembedwa ndi Leo Tolstoy - nkhani.

Nkhani za Lev Nikolaevich

Za zamoyo ndi zinyama zopanda chitetezo, za ana aluntha ndi achikulire anzeru. Palibe nkhani zambiri zochokera kwa iye, pali mayina anayi okha omwe amagwira ntchito mndandandawu, ndipo zambiri zomwe zatchulidwa kale sizidziwika kwa owerenga osiyanasiyana. Zopindulitsa pang'ono zinali mitundu yochepa ya maulendo ang'onoang'ono ochokera ku Tolstoy monga cholowa cha "Tolstoy", "Kuthamanga," "Chopopera Champhongo," "Mphamvu ya Ubwana," "Kuyankhula ndi Wodutsa," ndipo, ndithudi, kuzungulira kwa "Sevastopol Stories."

Kuzindikirika kwakukulu mu kulembedwa kwa nkhani kumachitika kuyambira 1905 mpaka 1909 - womaliza mu moyo wa Lev Nikolaevich, anamwalira, monga momwe amadziwira, mu 1910th. Nthawi yayikulu ya moyo wake inali yoperekedwa kwa mitundu yina ya mabuku, momwe munalibe malo opanda nkhani. Nkhani za ana, zomwe ziyenera kuyankhulidwa mosiyana, monga momwe dziko lapansili likudodometsa ndi kuya kwake, kusamutsidwa kwachinsinsi kwa maganizo a mwanayo pa mavuto a moyo, kufotokoza mapangidwe a umunthu wake. Mutu uwu umasonyezedwa mu mtundu wina monga fano la Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.

Nkhani zokhudza ana ndi ana

Chofunika kwambiri pa ntchito ya wolemba ndizolembera ana komanso za iwo eni. Utatu wambiri "Ubwana. Adolescence. Achinyamata "Tolstoy sanangophunzira chabe njira zomwe umunthu wa munthu umapangidwira kuyambira nthawi yoberekera komanso asanakhale wamkulu. Nkhani zakuti "Zimbalangondo zitatu", "Momwe agogo Semyon anafotokozera zomwe zinali m'nkhalango pamodzi naye" ndi "The Cow", zomwe zili m'gulu la "New Alphabet", zimakhudzidwa ndi chikondi kwa ana komanso chifundo pa mavuto awo ang'onoang'ono. Ntchito za Leo Tolstoy ndizoziganizira kwambiri za ana.

Nkhani "Filippok" inabadwa atatha kuona mosamala mlembi wa ana osauka ndi kulankhulana kopanda pake. Lev Nikolaevich nthawi zonse ankapeza nthawi kwa anthu osauka, ndipo adawatsegulira ana awo sukulu. Ndipo imodzi mwa nkhani zoyamba zomwe zingatchulidwe ndi ana, mungatchule ntchito yaying'ono ponena za galu Bulka, kudzipereka kwake kwa chilengedwe chimodzi - mbuye wake. Kufikira imfa yake Leo Tolstoy anakumbukira ubwana wake komanso momwe ankafunira kupeza "green wand", zomwe zingamuthandize kuti aliyense padziko lapansi akondwere.

Malo a nthano ndi nthano mu ntchito za Tolstoy

Mofanana ndi ndondomeko ya Ivan Andreevich Krylov, timakumbukira kuyambira ubwana ndi maphunziro m'chinenero chathu, komanso ziphunzitso za Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, zovomerezeka ndi makhalidwe abwino.

• "Nkhandwe ndi Mwamuna Wakale."
• "Mkango ndi Galu".
• "Crane ndi Stork".
• "Mutu ndi mchira wa njoka".
• "Ferret."
• "Galu ndi mthunzi wake."
• "Monkey ndi nandolo."
• "Gologolo ndi nkhandwe".
• "Mkango, bulu ndi nkhandwe."
• "Mkango ndi Mphuno".

Ichi ndi kachigawo kakang'ono chabe ka nthano zotchuka zomwe zimapereka ntchito zazikulu za Leo Tolstoy, zomwe timakonda. Kupyolera mu nthano iye ankanyoza chinachake chimene iye sakanakhoza kufotokozera mwa anthu, ndipo icho mwa iye mwini sichinali chovomerezeka: chinyengo ndi kuchenjerera, mkwiyo ndi udani, kutengeka ndi kusakhulupirika. Zosiyana ndi zina zinkasonyezedwa pulogalamu yake, nthawi zina osatetezedwa, otseguka kuti awononge, komanso kuchokera ku izi zokongola kwambiri. Tolstoy ankawoneka kuti akuganiza kuti pa ntchito za ana, ndipo adalemba zambiri za nthano zake, palibe malo oti awonetsere zochitika zochepa, ndikofunikira kufotokozera mosavuta ndi "zabwino" ndi "zoipa". Ndipo nthawi zonse ankakhulupirira kuti ana ndi anzeru komanso amamvetsetsa makhalidwe abwino kwambiri kuposa anthu akuluakulu.

Kutsutsidwa kwa chikondi ndi ntchito ndizosiyana ndi anthu otchulidwa mu Tolstoy

Katswiri yemwe Leo Tolstoy adalenga panthawi ya moyo wake - "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", "Anna Karenina," malemba ake, nthano, nkhani ndi nkhani, anaonetsa makhalidwe ake oyambirira. Anasuntha ziphunzitso zake zachipembedzo, kuponyedwa kwake kwauzimu ndi kukayikira, zikhulupiriro zake, ndi kuwapatsa anthu omwe amamumvera chisoni pamapepala. Mu zina mwa ntchito zake panali ngakhale pang'ono kuseketsa, ndipo mawu aliwonse mwa iwo adatsimikiziridwa, akuwonedwa momveka bwino. Nthawi zambiri ankalemba zomwe zasindikizidwa kale m'magazini, kusonyeza zoyenera, malingaliro ake, khalidwe.

Makhalidwe abwino amadza patsogolo pathu ndi Konstantin Levin ku Anna Karenina ndi chikondi chake chokwanira Kitty komanso kuti ali ndi udindo wochita zomwe amakhulupirira. Pierre Bezukhov wosamvetsetseka ndi wamtengo wapatali wa Nkhondo ndi Mtendere, Nikolai Rostov, yemwe adatenga ngongole za atate wake ndipo sanatengere ndalama zawo kuchokera ku dowry ya mkazi wake - Princess Bolkonskaya. Ambiri mwa anthu ake amatha kuzunzidwa ndi zilakolako ndi ntchito zenizeni. Mlembi amawadutsa kupyolera m'mayesero ndi mawonetsedwe a maganizo omwe ali amphamvu komanso oyenera kulemekezedwa. Iyi inali dziko la mwiniwake, Leo Tolstoy anasiyira ife. Ntchito kwa ana - nkhani, nthano, nthano, kwa anthu akuluakulu - ma buku, ma buku, ma dramaturgy. Iwo ali pafupi kwambiri ndi ife komanso okondedwa kwa ife.