"Yaroslavets", Russian anapanga bwato (Project 376): makhalidwe, cholinga

Kuika la mauthenga pansi madzi kufufuza olowa maboti, ntchito kupulumutsa anthu mitsinje, nyanja ndi malo, kufufuza azamalamulo - m'madera izi zingakhale zothandiza kuthandiza osiyanasiyana oyenerera. ntchito pamadzi ikuchitika pa mtsinje komanso nyanja expanses wa Russia, osati amafuna mtima ndi ungwazi za mitundu mitundu ndi. Nkofunika kuti zida zina zofunika ndi Chalk. Ntchito pansi madzi kuchitidwa popanda kukonzekera bwino. Musanayambe, onani Kutukula awo luso chotengera zimene kunyamula osiyanasiyana kumalo a ntchito. Monga ulamuliro, kwa ntchito m'madzi pa mitsinje ndi amatunga kuti akuya mamita makumi asanu umagwiritsidwa "Yaroslavets" - bwato ntchito 376. Mtundu wa luso lakonzedwa makamaka zosoŵa za Navy Russian apanyanja.

Mbiri ya yatsoka chotengera

Russian bwato "Yaroslavets" (Project 376) anaonekera mu makumi asanu zaka mazana makumi awiri. Zosoŵa za Navy ndi chuma ankafunika asilikali a tugboat yomwe ntchito kusambira komanso miyambo ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito ngalawa ovomerezeka mu 1948, nambala ya 376 ndi "North" cipher. Iwo amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zombo wake ndi madera ena a chuma. Mu kamangidwe ka chombo anapangidwa chikhalidwe kofunika maboti Russian zopangidwa ayenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe zonse zofunikira pa mayendedwe a zombo ndi njanji.

Mu 1953 Yaroslavl doko la zombo zapanyanja, zikomo kumene mndandanda wa theka-boma afika dzina linatuluka mu ngalawa madzi mutu ntchito 376. The Court yomweyo anapezerapo mndandanda lalikulu. Koma zitapita zaka ziwiri izo anasintha zina za polojekiti, amene amaloledwa bwino ntchito chotengera ndi Sinthani kupanga luso lake. Pali latsopano "Yaroslavets" - 376U bwato ntchito. Pambuyo kusintha mtundu wa ziwiya wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama ntchito osati asilikali komanso anthu wamba mautumiki ndi mabungwe, komanso makontena kunja. The kampani chachiwiri, amene anayamba zotsimikizira maboti anakhala Sosnovsky doko la zombo zapanyanja (Kirov Region).

mbali kunja

"Yaroslavets" - bwato, umene ndi ngalawa ndi wononga mmodzi, adzikometsa obweretsa deckhouse kuyimitsidwa ndi superstructure, ndi Kapoma pamwamba pa chipinda injini ndi kumbuyo bilge chipinda. alumikizana chotengera cha nthawi anachita lonse mtanda ulusi. The boti okonzeka ndi asanu bulkheads watertight, atatu akasinja mafuta ndi wokwera pansi pa chotengeracho.

Zilibe kanthu ntchito anaukira wodula malire, miyambo kapena galimotolo maonekedwe a mtundu uliwonse chotengera ndi: cutters kutalika pafupifupi twente-imodzi mita m'lifupi ndi anayi. Kuzama - mamita 2.1. chombo akhoza kumakhalamo anthu khumi ndi ziwiri. Mu ufulu kuthamanga liwiro la chombo kungakhale kwa mfundo khumi.

makhalidwe luso

Amadziwika kuti Russian kupanga mndandanda bwato "Yaroslavets" tinapangidwa mu njira yakuti ntchito zawo adzalola kuchepetsa zoyendera za mitundu mitundu kapena katundu kuti ikupita ndi kuonetsetsa vuto lililonse ntchito mu amatunga, mitsinje kapena nyanja. Anaukira chingwe chabwazi bwato kapena bwato alembedwera njira yotero kuti mosavuta kuchita ayendetsa m'madzi osaya komanso osaya oundana pamwamba. Komanso, amapereka njanji mayendedwe chotengera, kotero kukula kwa ngalawa Calculated amaganizira mavuto amenewa. Chifukwa ntchito mu madzi pamene pali waung'ono wosweka ayezi mu ngalawa kapangidwe amapereka ayezi Kingston. Kusamutsidwa maboti - 46,9 m, pafupifupi matope ndi katundu wina - 1,27 m, popanda katundu - 0,97 m, liwiro freewheel - 10,5, kudziyimira pawokha - masiku 5.

Kukhazikitsa kukonzedwa

Kukonza sitima angathe kuchitidwa paokha. Komabe, kukonza imeneyi idzachitika ndi gulu la chotengera kapena mwini wake pokha pokha kumene ngalawa adzakhala kuwonongeka zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera m'malo plating muyezo kupewa ikudontha bwato.

Nthawi zina, sitima kuwapititsa ku doko la zombo zapanyanja, m'nyumba ya kupenta wathunthu wa nyumba ya amaperekedwa kuti zamagetsi kufufuzidwa njira hatches ndi portholes. Bwato laperekedwa kwa malo a mpandawo yokonza njanji. Pali Kuthi mabwana kukonzanso, kenako ngalawayo anabwerera mwini.

alumikizana chotengera cha

Monga structural zolimba maboti okonzeka ndi zigawo wamphamvu babu, amene ntchito ngati maziko a matabwa kapena zitsulo mtanda nthiti alumikizana ndi matabwa mtanda chinthu chimodzimodzi owonjezera. Onse pamodzi alumikizana sitimayo wokwera chotetezera. Mipiringidzo anapangidwa zitsulo kapena matabwa. Mipope akhoza anawerama kapena semicircular, ndi nthiti kotenga (khalidwe kwa fendering zachitsulo).

Ntchito kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino shipbuilding zitsulo, mbale ndi n'kupanga kupanga zina stiffeners. cutters mafupa ndi mchimake ndi mapepala zitsulo amene soldered wina ndi mnzake ndi matabwa china chotulutsa m'lifupi ku millimeters anayi khumi. Zofala kwa riverboat ndi zikamera pakapita kudziletsa kukonza mapepala nthenda. Komabe, si akamagwiritsa ntchito zake anapitiriza.

Chakudya ndi Komanso analimbitsa mphuno cutters shtevnyami kwa structural zolimba ndi kugwirizanitsa pa chotengera madzi pamwamba. Pa ena zitsanzo mabwato "Yaroslavets" anapereka towing Arc kuti kuteteza chiwonongeko cha towline pa ayendetsa yoyenera. Towing Arc anapereka mlandu kumene Zotsatira zake zimakhala shipbuilding chingwe chabwazi bwato.

gudumu ngalawa

Bwato mu ndondomeko ya zomangamanga wayikidwa kugwirizanitsa gudumu streamlined. Linapangidwa, zambiri dzenje, pepala zitsulo. limagwirira The akulamulira chiwongolero nthenga, omwe amatanganidwa ndi kutembenukira pankhondo. Izo zakhala ngati nkhafi ndikupita maboti. 376 Ntchito anali zowongolera chimodzi chokha. Komabe, m'kati kukulitsa chombo panali zambiri. Zowongolera tsamba ndi pepala zitsulo ndi nthiti. Iwo Ufumuyo ngalawa ndi akapichi asanu pa flange wa mawonekedwe zozungulira kapena anayi. polojekitiyi ali thandizo palibe zowongolera m'munsi zambiri kumayambitsa imfa ya nthenga pa chotengera. Pa sitimayo chapamwamba magawo mbali ya zida akonzedwa chiwongolero, mmodzi kapena awiri mapulagi. Ndi mtundu mabowo wononga kapu imene amaika ndi wolima. Mbali yaikulu ya limagwirira chiwongolero, n'cholinga choti chifuniro ntchito kukachitika kuti akagwire zingwe zimene zimafalitsa mphamvu kwa wolima gudumu ndipo kenako mwachindunji ku chiwongolero. Ngati inu kukumana Zikatere, chotengera akhoza opareshoni pamanja.

pilothouse

Mu ndondomeko ya ntchito yomanga maboti zimamangidwa mng woyendetsa nyumba yake ndi kapu. Pa mbedza kumbuyo khoma Ufumuyo - zitsulo mbedza Ufumuyo zingwe ndi unyolo. Ntchito kunyamula maboti, katundu ndi towing ziwiya zina. Kulinso zochotseka kapena Ufumuyo-makwerero m'mabokosi, wopita ku chipinda flybridge engine. Pakuti "Yaroslavets" yodziwika ndi wheelhouse zochotseka, walola mtsinje kusamutsira chingwe chabwazi chombo njanji. Komabe, mu zonse ntchito Mabaibulo bwato 376 zisoti sanali zochotseka, makina chipinda. Adzakhala ankaiphwasula umodzi wokha wa mapepala burl. Ndipo makhalidwe ake malingana zosintha kukhala osiyana. Maboti Project 376 ntchito lathyathyathya zitsulo pepala ndi nthiti, pamene ntchito ya 376U agwiritsidwa ntchito profiled mapepala opanda fasteners china chotulutsa.

Pa wheelhouse kuti doko anaika zitseko atatu ndi amakona anayi zenera. chitseko Middle linasindikizidwa, kumam'phunzitsa zina mwachindunji chipinda wailesi. Khomo loyamba pa kumakhaliro kumabweretsa fungo loipa ndi chishango kuwaza.

Kumanja anaika zitseko ziwiri, amakona anayi zenera ndipo portholes awiri ozungulira. Zitseko ndi yosiyanasiyana. M'kupita kwa nthawi, maloko pa zitseko kusanduka, anasintha makhalidwe sayansi ya khomo hinge.

Portholes ndi hatches chombocho

Model doko la zombo zapanyanja "Yaroslavets" - bwato, amene okonzeka ndi portholes asanu mbali doko la chotengeracho. maboti Starboard ndi anayi okha portholes. Pafupi ndi kumbuyo zina welded, monga iwo akhale pafupi ndi pamwamba madzi. Izi zimachitikira pamene refitting bwato, pamene munakonza kuika ballast, kuwonjezera kusodza riverboat.

Kamangidwe amapereka bwato sitimayo zimaswa kutsogolera mu imalankhula mkati mlengalenga. Pa cutters wamakono zambiri bwino ntchito ndi hatches ndi zitseko.

Mapulogalamu chotengera

Bwato "Yaroslavets" ukhalebe zolinga za asilikali ndipo ena minda, amene katundu kunja pa mtsinje. "Yaroslavets", monga ulamuliro, sinafike ntchito ndekha, koma pali zambiri, mabungwe mwakuthupi komanso malamulo kuti ake.

Chibwenzi chombo ntchito zambiri ngati chingwe chabwazi bwato. Ndi kuti towed ndi kudzikonda injini m'timabwato mtsinje. Komanso, "Yaroslavets" ntchito ngati ngalawa zonyamula. Iwo akhoza kugwira mu akunyamula anthu khumi ndi ziwiri.

Mwakhama ntchito chombo bwato kunkhondo. Iye akubweretsa osiyana malo a ntchito m'madzi. Pa bolodi amakhala zida kusambira komanso zipangizo ntchito m'madzi.

Mu magwiridwe chombo akhoza kusamutsidwa kunja matani khumi pa katundu. Komanso, oyendetsa asunga malire mtsinje thambo ndi kumenyana poaching, kotero "Yaroslavets" ntchito monga m'mphepete wodula.

riverboat mtengo

Mu 50s wa bwato atumwi wotsiriza Yaroslavsky Shipbuilding Bzalani anali kupanga madzi mtsinje ankagwiritsa ntchito pa zofuna za yapamadzi, komanso ena zigawo za ulimi. Komabe, tsiku watsopano bwato ntchito 376 salankhula pa madzi. Komanso pa nthawiyo, monga takambirana kale, ambiri a zombo ntchito mtsinje ali wokwatibwa ndi anthu.

Russian bwato, amene mtengo zingasiyane malingana chaka chotengera madzi komanso chiwerengero cha kukonza, n'zosavuta kupeza pa msika lotseguka. Chifukwa chakuti mtundu wa ziwiya kawirikawiri kwambiri anamanga lero, mugule maboti okha amene kale ntchito kale.

Purchase kungakudyereni miliyoni rubles. Nkofunika mosamala kuyendera ngalawa, mtengo amaoneka ngati lowoneka. Ndipotu, nkofunika kwa makasitomala aliyense mu nthawi yochepa kulandira benefiti kwa kugula, popanda amacheza ndalama zina kwa kukonza sitima.

Pomaliza

"Yaroslavets" Ndi mmodzi wa maboti angakwanitse, ndipo inu mukhoza kugula pafupifupi mumzinda uliwonse mu Russia. Ngakhale tsopano, iye ndi M'modzi wa ziwiya yabwino kwambiri ndi zothandiza mtsinje chifukwa makhalidwe ake apamwamba luso.