Zazikulu - mtundu uwu kanema ndipo komabe fano lonse la 1: 1 kapena okulirapo. zazikulu zida

Zazikulu - njira imene ambiri pafupi-mmwamba chithunzi mphukira anagwirizira zinthu zing'onozing'ono zooneka ndi diso la munthu.

Kodi ndi zazikulu

Choyamba muyenera kusankha chimene inu kuwombera zazikulu. Pakuti mayiko, tiona kuti zazikulu - ndi zithunzi zinthu zazing'ono dongosolo yokulirapo. Potsilizira pake zochotseka chinthu chithunzi limasonyeza kwambiri kuposa ndi choonadi. The anthu ambiri ankakonda kuganizira closeup ankaona tizilombo, maluwa, udzu ndi ndalama.

Zithunzi zogwiritsa ntchito zazikulu kujambula

Pakuti zikugwira akatswiri zazikulu pomwepo anafunsa funso lakuti, mtundu wa zida kamera ndi bwino kusankha kwa gawoli? Mu zenizeni, makrofoto zabwino kwambiri ndi mwayi kutenga zithunzi mu kamera losavuta, chifukwa iwo palinso mode anakhumba ndi luso disolo ndi mkulu, koma SLR makamera yabwino.

ntchito yawo amalola kusankha disolo anakhumba ndiponso limapereka mwayi kupulumutsa pokha-mu zonse cheke, pamene tikwaniritse zotsatira zabwino. Ngati kulankhula za galasi njira, mmene katswiri komanso oyamba ndi ambuye woyenera chitsanzo ichi a kamera pansi monga Canon ED kapena ngati iye.

Mandala kwa zazikulu kujambula

Ngati kulankhula za unit yaying'ono, kusankha zazing'ono, chifukwa cha cholinga sangathe m'malo. Ngakhale ngati muli ndi mwayi kugula odzipereka zazikulu mandala kwa SLR, Ndi bwino kuchita zimenezi. Wotchuka kwambiri imatengedwa Canon EF-S 60mm f / 2.8 zazikulu USM.

Zazikulu - ndi zithunzi ndondomeko ndi ntchito magalasi, anakonzedwa kuti "kropnutyh" (zing'onozing'ono) wa mawerengetsedwe m'zipinda za. Amaonedwa kukhala masanjidwewo makamaka makamera sanali akatswiri. Ngati ife kuganizira za masanjidwewo pang'ono, mtengo wa patali cholinga ndi zana millimeters.

Kamera zazikulu chimathandiza kuwombera zazikulu kujambula, imene lonse la 1: 1, ndiyo fano akhoza ntchito kumtunda masanjidwewo, pamene lonse la 1: 1, chifukwa ndi zotsatira za kukula kwawo. Siyense kamera inu mukhoza kuchita izo.

The katswiri akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito Canon mbo 5d. Disolo wa kamera ntchito zake makumi asanu millimeter masanjidwewo Canon EF 100mm f / 2.8 zazikulu USM.

Komanso, pali kuthekera ntchito wotchipa zumobektivy ndi ntchito zazikulu ndi mtundu Sigma AF 70-300mm f / 4-5.6 APO. Zazikulu pa mtundu ukugwira kutalika chofunika kwambiri pa mndandanda wa 200-300 mm, ndipo n'zotheka kuganizira pa mtunda wa masentimita 95 kutsatira phunziro. Lonse mu nkhani iyi ndi 1: 2,9-1: 2.

Sinthani mandala ndi ntchito zazikulu

Komanso bajeti SLR wina zazikulu ndi macrocycle. Chifukwa cha ntchito zawo pamaso pa mandala ochiritsira ali ndi mwayi kufikako nkhani yanu ili pafupi kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphete sachiza zazikulu basi gawo Zithunzi. Izi kwambiri complicates ndondomekoyi. Chifukwa cha ichi tiyenera zida lathunthu zazikulu kujambula.

macrocycle

Komanso kupeza mandala zazikulu pafupifupi chilichonse n'zotheka, ngati inu atembenuza kamera ndi zazikulu ndi angagwirizanitse kwa miyendo itatu ndi. Koma zimenezi si kophweka ndipo mwatsoka, akutembenukira kutali ndi chotero kulamulira mandala.

Cheza pa zazikulu kuwombera

Osavomerezeka kwa zodziwikiratu kukhudzana mphukira pafupi. Amaona zinthu zoipa. Ndi bwino kuti anapereka kabowo patsogolo. Kumbukirani kuti chifukwa cha chithunzi mphukira pa mtunda wa pafupi ayenera kukhala laling'ono monga zotheka kuti akuya m'munda akhoza kukhala osachepera poznachitelnoy pang'ono! Mwachitsanzo, F / 11, kapena ngakhale F / 22 kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri.

Chifukwa chakuti zakulera yotsekedwa ndi kuwala ku masanjidwewo si kudyetsa mokwanira, liwiro shutter zochuluka ndi miyendo itatu pamene kuwombera closeup zabwino kwambiri kupirira kuwombera lonse.

Zazikulu ali ndi kusamala pang'ono chifukwa kutsekedwa kwa kabowo ndi kumaonjezera ngozi ya kutaya wina kuchuluka kwa sharpness chifukwa mapindidwe akuwala. Izi zikhoza kuoneka mu kabowo wa F / 9.

Kuyatsa kwa zazikulu kujambula

Kuchepetsa kukhudzana mukufuna kuwonjezera malo Illuminability. Pa ntsiku ya dzuwa n'zotheka kuchita popanda kung'anima, koma mu chipinda mdima kapena usiku pamene chosowa kuwala pa kuwombera nsikidzi kapena pa nthawi imene waya zazikulu tizilombo mliri n'kofunika kwambiri.

Kung'anima mu zazikulu

Zazikulu Kamera Canon ndi Nikon, komanso zopangidwa ena, ali mu zikuchokera awo n'cholinga makrovspyshki, koma ena a iwo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Chifukwa ichi, anthu amakonda ntchito improvised makrovspyshki amene bwino ntchito Integrated kapena kunja.

Pali anakonza zotheka malongosoledwe. Zitsanzo makamera amenewa amasonyeza zithunzi pansipa. Ndipo kuyang'ana zithunzi bwino. Cholinga chachikulu cha kusintha zimenezi akuti kukhala ofewa kwambiri kuwala chifukwa cha ntchito zake.

Mfundo kuganizira nthawi zazikulu kujambula

Pa akuya munda "nsinga" pafupifupi 1 mamilimita mukhale Cholinga cha phunziro ili chabe Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri. Mukhoza akudwala nthawi yaitali cholinga, ngakhale ndi mu kukhalapo kwa miyendo itatu wabwino ndi mutu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa zithunzi ndi chithunzi, amene yekha tinyanga kachilomboka ndi mutu anali pakati pa cholinga.

Chifukwa cha okonda awa ndi akatswiri amakonda njanji moganizira. Chitsanzo ndi Adorama zazikulu Mukuyang'ana njanji. Koma ichi ndi akatswiri oposa okonda ndi okonda zazikulu kujambula.

Background wa kujambula zazikulu

The njira zophweka kwambiri kulimbana inaccuracy cholinga imatengedwa pang'ono kayendedwe ka kamera ndi ambiri mafelemu, mmodzi amene Mulimonsemo adzakhala kwambiri. Ngati kumene nkhani Zithunzi mapulani n'zotheka kusuntha pamaso pa kamera. View akadali chithunzi pa kusintha yomweyo.

Background gawo zithunzi izi nthawi zonse sawona bwinobwino chifukwa ichi m'pofunika kuganizira chidwi chathu chokha pa kamvekedwe ambiri. The "kunyumba" ngati maziko ndi zimakhala zoyera, ndi kusintha izo, izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuti ena khama, chifukwa mu msewu mitundu yonse ndi mithunzi ngati achilengedwe. Kukongola maziko, zimene mwakambirana pamwamba, ali ndi kugwirizana kuti mandala, makamaka chipangizo zakulera.

Kumene, mokoma kuchititsa zazikulu neischislyaemy. Pa iwo mukhoza kulemba umasinthasintha.

Kodi kugwira kamera pa zazikulu kujambula

Kamera pa zazikulu asungike wekha. Mwina kugwira kuwombera wabwino amapereka kawirikawiri mu choncho kumene nthawi iyi m'pang'ono. Chifukwa cha ichi, muyenera osati kusiya kamera kunyumba. Musaphwanye purposefully kutenga zithunzi pofuna wabwino chithunzi chimango.

Pa kuyenda, ulendo ena zachilendo malo kapena msonkhano abwenzi kamera ayenera kukhala nawo. Mwina pa nthawiyo adzatha kugwila kuwombera wabwino. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kukhala pang'ono otakasuka unprofessional kamera.

Pa zazikulu n'kofunika kulabadira yosangalatsa zinthu chithunzi mphukira kapena nkhani. M'pofunika zindikirani zinthu, ndikuganiza kuti n'zotheka adani kotero kuti anasiya chithunzi chabwino. Inu mukhoza kutenga zithunzi, kuyenda panjira ntchito kapena kuphunzira. Komanso, inu mukhoza kutenga zithunzi pa njira sitolo. Ngati mukufuna chinthu, koma palibe mwayi kapena nthawi Chithunzi izo, mu kope kapena kope lembani kuti ndi malo mukufuna kukhala m'tsogolo kutenga chithunzi. Mwina sizichitika tsiku lomwelo kapena Patapita miyezi yochepa, pamene padzakhale nthawi ufulu. Izo zidzakhala zofunikira kubwerera ku malo awa ndi kupanga chithunzi chabwino.

Muyenera kuyang'ana pa dziko kupyolera mu maso a wojambula zithunzi. Kuti ndi kulabadira onse kuti isawonongeke. Kungakhale maluwa pa zenera, maganizo ozungulira kwa izo, mbiya ndi zipatso ali pa tebulo khitchini. M'pofunika Kuphunzitsa maganizo wojambula zithunzi. Kunyalanyaza zinthu kwambiri wamba Komano, si monga mwachizolowezi.

Pali mawu akuti "chisanadze zowonera". zithunzi zodabwitsa isanayambe kamera atengedwa mu dzanja. A nambala yaikulu zithunzi lili kutsogolo cha maso, mwinanso kumene pa nthawiyo ndi tsogolo mbuye. Tiyenera kuphunzira kuona zinthu zimene anthu ena osaganizira. Mwina Ngokhoza kulenga mwaluso wa kunyumba kwanu.

Zithunzi ndondomeko m'pofunika kukhala zosangalatsa. Pakuti ambirimbiri zithunzi si ntchito, ndi zosangalatsa. chizolowezi A, monga ife tikudziwira, ayenera kusangalala, osati kukhala zotsatira. Kusangalala ayenera kukhala ochokera ndondomeko fotogrfirovaniya, akuti:

• kuphunzira ndi kuonera nkhani pa chithunzi;
• ndi kusakatula si ntchito yawo;
• chilakolako kulenga chinachake zawo.

Atalingaliranso chifukwa cha zithunzi, n'zotheka kwambiri kusintha wapadera zithunzi zawo Komabe, kulenga mwaluso lenileni limene muyenera kukhala kwambiri chidwi ndi zinthu zambiri kuyesa, nkhawa popanda misempha kuti tsoka ndi kuyesa kuwamvetsetsa chimene chalakwika ndi mmene kunali koyenera kuchita . Pankhaniyi, ife kukwaniritsa mlingo wabwino.

Chifukwa osauka khalidwe closeup

Pakuti oyamba, ambuye zazikulu - ndi sharpness mu chimango pa nthawi ya kuwombera, amene chimodzi cha zizindikiro chofunika kwambiri chithunzi chabwino kwambiri. Osati lakuthwa zithunzi sawona bwinobwino ndi zifukwa zinayi:

1. "Zoyenda blur". Kumachitika pamene kamera kugwedeza chifukwa cha padzuwa yaikulu. Nayenso analandira pamene kuwombera kumachitika zinthu zounikira otsika. Mu kugwedezeka izi kamera zingakhudze kuchedwa chipinda masekondi 10.
2. The kuyenda kwa mutu, ngati si onse a iwo adzakhala malo amodzi nthawi zonse wogwira naye ntchito. Ngakhale gulu zing'onozing'ono "kuchepetsa" cithunzithunzi, ngati inu kuwombera akuchedwa chachikulu.
3. Kuzembera autofocus. Chifukwa chakuti dongosolo autofocus si wangwiro ndipo amakonda kuphonya ndi cholinga pa chinthu makamaka.
4. Cholakwika kusankha kuya kwa munda.