Zazikulu Parthenon ku Athens

The Parthenon ku Athens. Ndani amene anamva zimenezi? Zikuonekeratu kuti ndi chizindikiro cha Greece ano ndi likulu lake, ndipo kwa zaka chinaoneka ndipo akupitiriza kuti anazindikira ngati lokongola, mmodzi wa incarnations bwino chikhalidwe wakale. Koma kodi wina tikudziwa za chipilala ili a zomangamanga? Tiyeni tiyese mwachidule mwachidule mfundo kudziwika.

Location

The Parthenon ali Athens. Iwo anamangidwira okwera (mamita 156) ndi mosamala mumbali phiri pamwamba unali mu tawuni - pa Acropolis. Acropolis - mfundo za m'mbiri yakale Greek. Monga makolo athu, Asilavo, okhala Greece wakale gawo lofunikira mumzinda wawo inali pokwera komanso kulimbikitsa. Kumbuyo makoma yomwe imakhala wolamulira yachifumu, ambiri a akachisi ndi ziboliboli ambiri anadzipereka kwa milungu ogula. The Asilavo wotchedwa awo achitetezo mzinda detintsem kenako boma la Russia, ndi Ahelene - ndi acropolis. Pa ya Acropolis wa Athens sikuti Parthenon, koma nyumba zina Nthawi osiyana.

kumanga nthawi

The Parthenon ku Athens inamangidwa zaka 10, ndi 446 pa 438 zaka BC. Kenako zina zaka 6 ndinapitiriza sculptural ulemerero wa nyumbayi. Panthawi imeneyi, Athens sanali Pamudzi, ndi mzinda boma. Malamulo a mini-boma Pericles - munthu amene anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa oratory wake ndi luso yolamula ndipo anakhala woyambitsa wa demokalase. Mu ulamuliro wake, Athens chokongoletsedwa ndi akachisi zapadera, maguwa, ziboliboli.

Parthenon ku Athens ndi chiyani?

Kachisi odzipereka kwa mulungu Greek Athena. Limodzi la matanthauzo a mwana wamkazi wa Zeu anali "Parthenos" - "namwali, namwali," kotero Parthenon - malo a kulambira Athena, Virgo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa zaka linakhalapo izo anakwanitsa kukaona osati opatulika wakale, komanso pa tchalitchi Mkhristu wa Wodalitsika Virgin Mary (VI-XII atumwi), ndipo mpingo wa Katolika (XIII-XIV atumwi), ndipo mzikiti Muslim (XV-XVII zaka).

Mbiri ya nyumba

Ntchito pa ntchito yomanga kachisi anatsogolera chidwi wakale Greek ziboliboli Phidias. Ofufuza amakono apeza kuti ungwiro wa zomangamanga chifukwa kugwilizana kwambiri ndi malamulo a wotchuka "Molingana Mulungu", umene chiŵerengero zina za lonse m'kukoma zonse, "Golden zikutanthauza."

Kwa Parthenon anayang'ana mgwirizano wa Acropolis wakhala kuchuluka anamanga mulu wamphamvu. Pakati pa kutalika kwa kachisi, ndi mbali za phiri kutsogolo kwa Parthenon ndi chiŵerengero golide ubale akhalipo. Kapangidwe anamangidwira ku nsangalabwi zoyera, nakonza mkuwa, minyanga nkalati, paini. The Parthenon ku Athens wakhala mpingo moona dziko - chilengedwe cha amisiri mbiya, akalipentala, coppersmiths, osema miyala, amisiri, enameller, Engravers. Malinga ndi nthano, pamene mmodzi wa abulu aakazi amene ananyamula miyala ya Acropolis, monga senile ndi anamasulidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, iye anapitiriza kulankhula m'mawa uliwonse "ntchito" kwa Parthenon.

Yomanga anasonyeza kuti mtengo kwambiri. Koma pamene Pericles anapereka kwa anthu kuti atenge ndalama zonse mu akaunti yanu (ndi kulemba dzina lanu pa nyumba), Aatene anakana ndipo ndalama zinachitikadi ndi anthu a.

likamalowa

Kachisi wotchuka anali likulu la mzinda kwa zaka zoposa 17. Koma mu 1687 ndi dongosolo la ambiri Swedish Königsmark Avenetia anawononga Parthenon. Athens anagonjetsedwa, mazana a akazi ndi ana anaphedwa. Mwatsoka, kachisi anavutika kwambiri kwambiri mu zaka kudza sizikanatha kugwira ntchito yake. Mpaka pakati pa XIX atumwi, anthu (onse Agiriki ndi alendo) mwankhanza anakokera makoma anagwa ndi makombo a mafano, anali zimagulitsidwa kunja ntchito kwambiri luso.

nyumbayi inamangidwa zaka 10, ndipo pafupifupi zaka mazana aŵiri, kuyesera kuti achire. Ngati ndinu mwayi zokwanira pitani ku Greece, onetsetsani kuti apite pa ulendo "Athens Acropolis. Parthenon "kuti umboni umodzi wa zipilala wamkulu wa masiku amakedzana.