Cuckoo mwana wankhuku: kufotokoza, zithunzi. Chifukwa ndi zimene zisa za cuckoo kutchera mazira?

M'nkhaniyi tiphunzira za mbalame chachilendo kwambiri kuti khalidwe lake n'zosadabwitsa zachilendo chosiyana ndi mbalame zina. Ndi cuckoo, mfundo odziwika kuti kutchera mazira kapena chitaya mu zisa mitundu ina mbalame.

Iwo likukhalira kuti anapiye ake kudyetsa alendo enieni, "omulera" makolo. khalidwe amatchedwa chisa parasitism. Ndipo aliyense wa mbalame chitaya mazira zisa ndi mitundu ya mbalame kuti iye yekha ntchito kuti breastfed.

Za zizindikiro zawo, zimene chisa cuckoo ndi kutchera mazira amene anapiye ake kuposa iwo kudya, mungaphunzire ndi kuwerenga nkhaniyi. Koma ife tisanati kupereka zambiri za iwo.

Anthu ambiri akudziwa kuti chisamaliro onse a ana awo, akazi cuckoo kosangalatsa pa mapewa wina, titero, Kuchepetsa kufufuza zisa mlendo wokonzeka ndi kuomba iwo mu mazira.

Chick cuckoo otchedwa? Cuckoo. Ndicho za izo ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

General zokhudza cuckoo ndi

mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cuckoos ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a mbalame a m'banja la cuckoo, kulemera amabadwa 100 magalamu, ndi kutalika kwa thupi si woposa makumi anayi masentimita.

Koma anthu onse a m'banja la yodziwika ndi mchira mwachilungamo yaitali, miyendo amphamvu ndi thupi woonda. mchira A zambiri osati yowala kwambiri mtundu. Ndipo dimorphism kugonana ochekenera kapena bwino kwambiri, kapena kwina.

No cuckoos okha Arctic ndi Antarctic. Koma ambiri, dera kufalitsa yotakata awo padziko lonse, ankakonda m'mayiko awo ofunda. Ena mitundu akukhala M'madera a zitunda kotentha, ambiri a iwo - zosamukasamuka, ndi zina - kuthetsedwa.

mafotokozedwe

Pamaso ife tikupeza kodi cuckoo mwana wankhuku, fotokozani makolo ake.

Cuckoo kukula pang'ono kakang'ono kuposa njiwa a. Amuna ndi akazi ndi ambiri mutu phulusa-imvi ndi thupi chapamwamba. Pansi ali ndi mtundu striated ( "Mphamba" mtundu). Pali akazi amene dzimbiri-utoto mitundu ya mbali chapamwamba za thupi. Mchira ndi wautali - mpaka 15-19 masentimita, ndi mapiko amakula 20-30 masentimita. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndipo zikuoneka lalikulu cuckoo mbalame, makamaka ndege. Ndipotu, ndi ang'ono, ndi kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 120 okha (pazipita).

Kuti mudziwe zambiri pa zimene tingachite cuckoo mwana wankhuku (onani chithunzi. Mmunsimu), angapezeke kenako m'nkhani ino.

Akukhulupirira kuti cuckoo wa - sing'anga-kakulidwe mbalame: mitundu zing'onozing'ono zokha zazikulu pang'ono kuposa mpheta, ndi lalikulu - ngati akhwangwala. Ali ndi mchira osasinthika bwino koyenera kwa thupi. Koma m'malo ofooka anayamba kufwanyulira.

Elongated nthenga tibia pa mbalame kupanga mtundu wa "mathalauza". Mapiko a anthu ambiri m'banja la yaitali ndi lakuthwa (nthenga ndege yaikulu 10 chabe, wautali kuposa omwe - wachitatu).

Analowa yaitali mchira kawirikawiri 10 mchira nthenga. Tetradigitate miyendo cuckoos yochepa.

Young cuckoo (mwana wankhuku) achibale awo akale ali ndi mtundu zambiri bulauni thupi chapamwamba, monga ulamuliro, ndi dzimbiri mikwingwirima Red Cross. Mchira ndi nsonga woyera wa Cuckoo, pamene akazi ali ndi mdima wofiira lamizeremizere pa mphepete.

mfuu ya mwamuna limatulutsa ndi "cuckoo", nthawi zina kutembenukira mu kubangula wosasamala. Kwa akazi a khalidwe yemweyo anafuulira phokoso "cus-cus-cus". Childs cuckoo cuckoo si nthawi zoposa khumi mu mzere.

za mitundu

chiwerengero cha okwana detachment kukushek pafupifupi 150 mitundu mu 39 genera merging. Iwo anawagawa 2 suborders: Cuckoo weniweni munali banja lina kukushek ndi Turaco munali banja lina Turaco (kapena bananoedy).

Ambiri mwa anthu a banja - zitsamba ndi mitengo. moyo wawo chikuchitika mu korona wa mitengo. Pakati pawo pali mitundu, kutsogolera moyo lapansi. zisa zawo zimamangidwa pansi.

Ambiri cuckoo - monogamous. Pa nyengo kuswana, iwo apanga awiri, kodi kumanga zisa, mazira ndiponso kudyetsa ana.

Pafupifupi 50 mitundu - mitala, amene bwino anasonyeza chisa parasitism.

Nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsa, "N'chifukwa chiyani cuckoo chitaya anapiye ake?" Iwo likukhalira kuti ndi khalidwe chabe la cuckoo-mitala.

malo, moyo

Izi chisa cuckoo pa dziko ku England kuti Japan ndi Kamchatka, agwilitse pafupifupi buku lonse Russian gawo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa. Mu kumpoto, mu gawo Loona za dziko, dera yogawa mbalame adza kwa Arctic Circle ndipo ngakhale pang'ono. Koma kum'mwera, m'chigawo Cuckoo "anawoloka" malire a boma, kufika Asia Minor ndi Africa North.

Mbalame amakhala mu Titafika pamalo ndi theka-zipululu, ndi wosankhidwa zitsamba, nkhalango ndi mapiri elfin. Izo wakudya zosiyanasiyana tizilombo (wothandiza chiwonongeko kukukhala wa mbozi acheya amene mbalame zina zambiri sadya). Zimene amadyetsa cuckoo mwana wankhuku, angapezeke m'munsimu.

chisa parasitism

Zofunika ndi chidwi mbali ya cuckoo ndi podkladyvanie mazira mu chisa cha mbalame mitundu ina. Pa chisamaliro chofanana nthawi ya incubating ndipo anayamba kulera ana ali anapatsira "makolo oterewa". Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Pa lino.

Cuckoos kuikira mazira mu zisa za ena. Ndipo chifukwa kuti mkazi amatenga malo ena a gawo, kumene amayang'ana nyumba yoyenera mbalame. Pali cuckoo, amene makamaka jacks White Wagtails, ena - kamyshevok zisa, ndipo ena -. Skates, etc. Malinga ndi asayansi, cuckoo lagawidwa ngati "mabanja kwachilengedwenso," ndinazolowera parasitize ku mitundu ina ya mbalame yaing'ono.

Pafupifupi aliyense m'banja amakhala Chigawo kum'mawa, ndi kumadzulo moyo monogamous. Choyamba, ngati inu mukukumbukira, musati kupanga awiri ndi: m'dera lina pali mkazi mmodzi yekha ndi amuna angapo, kupatula chiŵerengero cha n'zosiyana zimachitika.

Mitundu parasitic mazira ndi ochepa kukula, iwo ndi pang'ono zambiri mazira a mbalame zambiri laling'ono, limene chisa mayi awo ndi kuponyera. Ndipo mawonekedwe a kupenta kuti iwo ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zimene mazira kapena mbalame pang'ono ndithu osiyana khamu.

Amene chisa cuckoo kutchera mazira?

Mu gawo European la Russia, izi nthenga kuponya mazira zisa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana dazeni: a wren kakang'ono, ndi wren, nightingales, swifts, etc. chitaya mmwamba "anatengedwa" ndi mpheta ..

losiyanasiyana cuckoo ndi chiwerengero cha chitaya mazira. Mwachitsanzo, tufted masamba a mazira angapo mu chisa chimodzi osankhidwa ndi izo, ndiponso anthu wamba - chimodzi chokha. Ndipo iwo amachita izo mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo kuikira mazira mwachindunji mu gulu zitsulo, ndi zina - pansi, kenako anasamutsa mu mlomo wake. Mu nyengo ndi parasitic mitundu kuikira mazira 10-25.

Features

Cuckoo mazira ali osiyana mu mitundu yonse, chifukwa zazikazi a mizere osiyana cholowa. Aliyense wa iwo amagwirizana ndi mtundu winawake wa mbalame makamu, kotero mazira anaika mtundu kake. Pali mfundo ina chidwi. Anakulira ndi cuckoo pang'ono mu chisa amakankhira anapiye ena amene makolo kupitiriza kudyetsa foundling.

Malinga malo okhala dera ndi mbalame-eni ndi cuckoos angakhale osiyana. Mu gawo European izo mu malo oyamba redstart, wagtails, warblers ndi shrikes-Tathagata. kuswana nthawi yawo - kuchokera May kwa July.

Cuckoo mwana wankhuku: photos, ikulongosola

Wabadwa kukushata zambiri chabe amafanana anapiye chisa makamu. Ndipo mawu a cuckoos anapiye a kadzidziyo parasitic zambiri amafanana ndi mawu eni wamng'ono. Anapiye mwamtheradi cuckoos onse amabadwa wakhungu wausiwa.

Wosabadwayo, analimbikitsa mwakhama nkhuku kusiyana mofulumira kwambiri. Cuckoo mwana wankhuku ukuonekera dzira patapita masiku 12, ndi kale kuposa anapiye ambiri a mbalame yaing'ono. kukula mwamsanga overtakes ana mbadwa ya makolo oterewa.

Chodabwitsa pasanapite nthawi kuchokera kuswa (10-12 maola) pa cuckoo pali kufunika makamaka kuthamangitsa a chisa zinthu zosiyana ogwira msana wake (maliseche khungu kwambiri kwa mathero owonetsetsa mitsempha). Ngati mwadzidzidzi foundling kumbuyo afika dzira ofunda ndi kale oyambitsa mwana wankhuku, cuckoo, kuwayika iwo mu poyambira sacral ndi kugwira mapiko awo kukwawa kumalire a chisa kuponya iye pansi. Komanso akhoza kubwera ndi mwana wankhuku yaing'ono.

mayendedwe

Okwana pa masiku 3-4 ya moyo, pamene mwana wankhuku zikuoneka ngati reflex, ndi cuckoo mwana wankhuku (anatengera mwana) ndi n'kuthamangitsidwa chisa 10 mazira, kapena zayamba onse a eni anapiye. Kawirikawiri makolo awo pups imayambira okha zisa, kotero ana amamwalira otayika.

The anapiye lonse la mbalame khamu zambiri kukhalabe chidutswa chimodzi, ngati kutaya mmwamba cuckoo dzira mu chisa ndi aswa kale atagona, chifukwa wayamba kukhala ndi iwo kukula. Ndiye muli ndi makolo ovuta kwambiri kudyetsa pakamwa ambiri.

Cuckoo mu chisa chete kwathunthu. pang'ono Patatha akuyamba udzafunidwa chakudya, mokweza squeak. Ndipo atachoka chisa, iye squeaks, racking makolo ake omulera.

chithunzi chachilendo kwambiri zikuwoneka pamene pafupi lalikulu ndi nthenga utoto, kale zouluka cuckoo zonse kukangana mbalame ziwiri zazing'ono, monga warblers ndi flycatchers. chithunzi m'munsimu inu mukhoza kuwona, zikuwoneka ngati cuckoo mwana wankhuku kuti kudyetsa mbalame ndi mphamvu zonse za mtundu wina.

Kukushonok kotero ambiri amatsegula pakamwa pake, iwo amapereka kuganiza kuti angathe kumeza mbalame ndi mbozi. Nthawi zambiri pali chithunzi: mbalame akukhala pa mapewa ndi pamwamba pa cuckoo ndi pops m'kamwa chakudya wake, ndiyeno kachiwiri mofulumira nyama.

mphamvu cuckoos

Mbalame kudya chakudya yekha nyama. Childs, kupanga ati zitsamba, mitengo, ndi pang'ono pokha kuchokera pansi. Zimachitika kuti igwire tizilombo touluka pa ntchentche mu mpweya bwino ndinazolowera m'kamwa mwawo lonse.

The pachifukwa cha mphamvu kwambiri za mtundu wa cuckoos zosiyanasiyana tizilombo ndi mphutsi yawo. Pasanathe iwo kudya invertebrates ena (mwachitsanzo, akangaude).

Pali mitundu cuckoos (makamaka otentha), kudya mazira mbalame ndi anapiye a kadzidziyo, achule, nyama zing'onozing'ono ndi zokwawa.

Ndipo kuti kudya cuckoo anapiye? kukushata wamng'ono amasiyana zodabwitsa voracity. Kudziwa za vuto limene wamng'ono kwambiri mwana wa mbalame za mtundu anakulira mu khola, anadya tsiku 39 lalikulu ziwala wobiriwira, 18 abuluzi, 3 zikwa agulugufe, 5 mphutsi za kachilomboka mu May, 43 mbozi wa kabichi, + 4 akangaude, nyongolotsi 50 ufa ndi ambiri "mazira "nyerere.

mfundo zosangalatsa

• Kuseli wovuta kwambiri pankhani kudya, kotero koti wake. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti akudyetsedwa osati "omulera" makolo, koma mbalame zina.

• The cuckoo ali maina osiyanasiyana ofanana m'mayiko ena: Bulgarians icho "kukovitsey" mu Romania kufalitsa mawu "Cook", dziko la Germany kuti "kukukom" Czechs - "kukachkoy", ndi French amatchedwa "keke", ndi Italy - " Cucolo ".

• Mtundu wa cuckoo makamaka mofanana mu Sparrowhawk. Mwina N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa kuyamika cuckoo ichi mosavuta galimoto kuchoka eni chisa.

• anamkungwi wamng'ono cuckoos ndi nthawi zambiri redstart ndi warbler.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale mbali amenewa akufotokozedwa ndi mbalame, amaona zothandiza. Chinthu chokha ayi zabwino ndi kuti, kuponya mu chisa wina mazira kwawo ndi maitanidwe Pankhani imeneyi imfa ya anapiye eni, cuckoo amachita ena kuwonongeka, kuwononga zothandiza mbalame insectivorous.

Pali malo ambiri miyoyo cuckoo, mogwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zina kuti warbler m'chilimwe musatenge aliyense wa mwana wankhuku wake. Ndi zidule onse amayi ndi cuckoo anapiye okha. Zimenezi mbalame voracious ya chilimwe wawononga waukulu mbozi zambiri zoipa (mwachitsanzo, acheya), zomwe kawirikawiri musakhudze mbalame yaing'ono. Ntchito imeneyi zothandiza, mosakayikira, ndi cuckoo chimakwirira zinawonongedwa ndi parasitism ake mu zisa za mbalame ina ing'onoing'ono.