Zhigulin Anatoliy Vladimirovich: mwachidule mbiri, zithunzi

Mwa odziwika ndi chidwi andakatulo Soviet lofunika kwambiri Zhigulin Anatoliy Vladimirovich. Mwachidule yonena za chithunzi zolembalemba zikuphatikizapo kwambiri ndithu chochitika chisoni ndi zomvetsa chisoni, koma cholowa chake zolembalemba ndi woyenera kuphunzira ndi kuzindikira.

kotero banja

Anatoly anabadwa mu January 1930 Podgornoye (Voronezh dera). bambo ake anali wogwira ntchito ku positi ofesi dzina lake Vladimir, amene wabwera kuchokera Amaya. Kwa nthawi yaitali iye ankalota akuthamanga mowa (lotseguka mawonekedwe a chifuwa chachikulu). Pachifukwa ichi, tsogolo ndakatulo Anatoly Zhigulin ngati m'bale ndi mlongo wake, ankakonda ndi mayi wake Eugenia Mitrofanovna. Kugwira ana ake atatu ndi kudzikonda kukwaniritsa pafupifupi ntchito zapakhomo, anapeza nthawi nyimbo, kuwerenga ndakatulo ndi kuphunzitsa ana kukonda ndakatulo.

Kukhala mkazi ophunzira ndi mizu apamwamba, Eugene Mitrofanovna ali anakwanitsa kulera mu ndakatulo m'tsogolo, osalemekeza choonadi, kukonda Mama, ndi kuphunzira kumvetsa kukongola ndi kuona zosiyanasiyana chinenero cha Chirasha. Great-agogo Anatoly mayi anali membala wa nkhondo kukonda dziko lako la 1812, a Decembrist ndakatulo Vladimir Fedoseevich Raevsky (iye anali membala wa kwakukulu phiko Ryleeva).

zaka zoyambirira

Pamene Anatoly zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, banja lake anasamukira ku chuma cha agogo ake. Mu nyumba iyi zinasungidwa laibulale ya banja. Pamafunikanso chiwerengero cha mtengo wapatali kwambiri heirlooms Albums kuti anadzazidwa ndi mibadwo ingapo Rajewski. Komabe, pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, bomba, nyumba akadali kutenthedwa. Ngakhale kuti aliyense m'banja anapulumuka, naimirira kupatukana ndi mavuto nkhondo.

miyezi eyiti Voronezh anali mu zone kutsogolo. Anatoly Zhigulin mwachidule yonena kuti Limati nthawi imeneyi ndi lolemera kwambiri banja lonse, wotopa ndi njala, kukanidwa, ndipo anakakamizika kupulumuka mu theka-imawonongeka mzinda. Mothandizidwa zidindo ndakatulo analemba osati wina ndakatulo.

Moyo mu ulamuliro wankhanza

Anatoly akula limodzi ndi kuwuka mantha Stalinist. Pansi chiwonongeko kapena m'ndende mu mtengo zipinda HC anali mamembala a nthambi ina ya Rayevskys (Rostov). Pachifukwa ichi Zhigulin Anatoly sankadziwa kwa nthawi yaitali za chiyambi chake wolemekezeka ndi ufulu kukoma makolo. Ngakhale mosamala ndi makolo chozemba, mnyamatayo anapeza coonadi, kuphunzira ntchito ulemerero wa abale awo Albums banja ku laibulale kunyumba.

Zhigulin Anatoliy Vladimirovich (lalifupi yonena): unyamata

Zolembalemba talente Anatoly anali kale kuonekera pa ulendo wa makalasi mkulu sukulu. Kuyambira ndi kulemba nkhani sukulu mu mawonekedwe a ndakatulo, m'chaka cha 1949 Zhigulin Anatoly ikupita patsogolo ndipo imafalitsidwa nyuzipepala. Panthawiyo iye anali ndi zaka 19 zokha ndipo pa mapeto a sukulu mnyamata azikamugwirira kuphunzira pa Institute of Nkhalango. Kusankha bungwe linapangidwa zifukwa zingapo. Choyamba Anatolia anali kukhala kunyumba ndi kusamalira azibale ake aang'ono. Kachiwiri, mnyamatayo anali achilendo kwa chikondi ndi luso ndi chilengedwe.

Yambani zinthu mobisa

Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi yogwira ntchito zandale, zomwe zinachitika mu chiwerengero cha Communist Party achinyamata Anatoly Zhigulin. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo kumaphatikizapo ankadziwa wake ndi amene anayambitsa chipani Borisom Batuevym.

Monga mwana wa mkulu wa Komiti Party Regional Voronezh, Boris kamodzi anakumana ndi mantha kwambiri ataona wamba ndi alimi amene ankakhala m'madera akumidzi. Njala ndi zinthu mumamva za moyo wa anthu amenewa sanali oyenera chithunzi cha dziko, amene adatunga okopa mu mzinda. Ataganiza kupatukana ndi kutsatira choonadi cha m'Baibulo, Boris anayamba kuphunzira mbiri ya zinthu zisinthe, ndipo pamodzi ndi anzawo apamtima anadziwa kuti anali angasokonezeke ndi molakwika Leninism m'manja mwa Stalin. Pangani PCF mu 1947 chinali chiyambi panjira Boris kubwerera chipani Leninist Inde. Mfundo zikuluzikulu za ntchito yawo anali kugwiritsa ntchito njira mtendere. Komabe, pulogalamu CPM munali mzera chinsinsi kupereka n'zotheka kuchotsa Stalin kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa.

Zhigulin Anatoly anali mmodzi mwa anthu makumi asanu ndi limodzi chiwembu bungwe pamene mu 1949 kumangidwa loyamba la gululo kukhala itapangidwa. Ngakhale makwerero chithunzi ntchito kukopa mamembala atsopano, ophunzira, ndipo posachedwapa, ana asukulu poyera.

Agwire ntchito ya kalavula gaga

Pa miyezi nayini, pamene panali ndondomeko investigative, akaidi anali pansi mafunso ambiri yaitali. Kawirikawiri inatenga maola ambiri ndipo anali limodzi ndi chiwawa.

Kumbuyo mipiringidzo Kodi kugunda ziwalo zonse za gululi, mitsuko mwachinsinsi kutetezedwa pafupifupi theka la chipani chawo, koma ena anali kwambiri chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Anatoly Zhigulin, amene yonena ndi "chokongoletsedwa" m'ndende kwa zaka khumi mu m'misasa okhwima-boma. Panthawi imene m'chipinda pamaso chigamulochi, ndiye gawo la m'misasa Taishet ndi Kolyma Wolemba ndakatulo wasonkhanitsa chuma cha chuma ntchito ngati maziko ambiri a ntchito zake. The nkhani wotchuka "Black Miyala", limene limafotokoza moyo ndi zokumana akaidi ndale. Ambiri a ndakatulo nawonso, mulimonse, amatiuza za nthawi imeneyo yovuta Anatoly.

Nthawi m'ndende Anatoly ntchito mwakhama mu gawo kudula mitengo ndi mu ndende. Inali nthawi anakhala ku Kolyma anamaliza "hule nkhondo" ndi Stalin atamwalira.

Kumasuka ndi ntchito zolembalemba

Mwamwayi, Zhigulin Anatoly sanakhale m'ndende kwa zaka khumi - zaka zinayi pambuyo anamangidwa, anatulutsidwa m'mikhalidwe Amnesty, ndipo kwathunthu anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso patapita zaka ziwiri.

Anatoly udzabwerera kwa maphunziro linasokonekera, ndi 1960 anamaliza Institute of Nkhalango. Likufanana ndi maphunziro ake anazisindikizitsa mu Voronezh, gulu laling'ono la ndakatulo, imene inkatchedwa "The Kuwala kwa City wanga" (1956). Buku lotsatira inafalitsidwa mu Moscow mu 1963, icho chinali kutchedwa "njanji" ndipo m'gulu ndakatulo yekha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Anatoly anadzakhala wophunzira wa maphunziro apamwamba zolembalemba ndipo kenako kuthetsedwa kalekale mu Moscow.

Chaka chotsatira, mu 1964, mu Voronezh mu Mabaibulo yaing'ono (zikwi zitatu makope) kamodzinso anatulutsa buku la ndakatulo amene analemba Anatoly Zhigulin. Mwachidule yonena za kope ana amafotokoza kuti bwino kwambiri, monga mmene yakhala moni ndi kutengeka ndi anthu ndipo atolankhani.

waweruzidwa kutchuka

M'kupita kwa ntchito ndakatulo wake zolembalemba zambiri analankhulana ndi otchuka a nthawi. A zimakhudza kwambiri pa ntchito yake anali ubwenzi ndi ndakatulo A. Twardowski mu 1961. Pamodzi ndi ntchito za Koltsov, Esenina ndi Klyuyev, pazochitika yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe chinenero ndakatulo ndi kalembedwe Zhigulina.

Kwa zaka zingapo Twardowski amathandiza achinyamata Anatoly mu kusindikiza zopereka ndakatulo ndipo wakhala akuyesetsa kulimbikitsa mabuku ake.

Nthawi imeneyi tinaona kuwala kwa buku longa la ndakatulo mu Voronezh ndi Moscow, monga "Memory", "pankakhala mawu", "kumalo ozizira Maluwa". Kukhala pa nsonga ya kutchuka, wolemba ndakatulo umabala zosonkhanitsira akutiakuti, ndipo mu 1980s mochedwa anabwera mkombero wa ndakatulo, wolemba ndakatulo wotchedwa "Nsembe kope."

Kukhala wotchuka ndakatulo analoŵa Mgwirizano wa Soviet Writers ndi zolembalemba Institute kwa iwo. Gorky mu Moscow kwa zaka zambiri anadalira kutsogolera zokambirana ndakatulo.

Makhalidwe Anatoly Zhigulina

Moyo m'misasa anachoka mu moyo wa ndakatulo abwino chizindikiro kukoma. kuvutika maganizo si anamuletsa ku cynic, koma amawamvetsera bwino maganizo. Kukhala kunja kwa mpanda wa msasa, Anatoly Zhigulin (Wambiri ana kulankhula za izi okha m'kupita) anali kuchitiridwa mabungwe bongo.

Kusindikiza ndi mkaidi ndale kugona pa ntchito ambiri a ndakatulo iyi. Mu ena ndakatulo Anatoly mwatsatanetsatane zoopsa ndi chilungamo m'ndende. Anatoly Zhigulin chithunzi limene lili pamwambapa, osati sanayese kupewa msasa lathu, komanso anaumirira chitukuko. Malinga ndi olimba wake motsimikiza, nkhani oona za zonse zimene akuona komanso nkhanizi ntchito yake yaikulu. Udindo wa ndakatulo zinali zovuta kuti sanazindikire malonda-offs ngakhale mu nthawi patsogolo.

Autobiographical buku "Black Miyala"

Ntchito imeneyi sanali kufotokoza mbiri ya moyo wa Anatoliya Zhigulina. Inasindikizidwa mu "Chabwino" magazini mu 1988, ndipo analandira kwambiri cha kutchuka, kuchititsa kumveka ndithu m'dziko lapansi.

Mu bukhu, ndakatulo za ubwana wake ndi achinyamata, komanso achibale ndi mabwenzi. chiwembu chimazungulira mbiri ya Party Communist wa Youth chake yochepa ndale ntchito, maganizo ndi zolinga za kayendedwe ndi Olinganiza zoikidwiratu momvetsa chisoni.

Popanda kukokomeza yosafunikira kapena mwadala Apatu Zhigulin limafotokoza nthawi m'ndende yake, ntchito yokakamiza ndi yaitali kumasulidwa. Nthano lowonjezera ndi ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi, omwe analembedwa nthawi imeneyi.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale tsoka zovuta za ndakatulo ndi mitu onena za ntchito, pali chiwerengero chachikulu cha ndakatulo wokongola m'nyimbo, zimene zinalembedwa Anatoliy Vladimirovich Zhigulin. Wambiri ana akuyerekeza chikondi mawu Zhigulina ntchito Esenina, chifukwa ali chimodzimodzi wozingwa chithumwa. ndakatulo zingapo zodabwitsa inasandutsidwa nyimbo zachikondi kuti akhala wotchuka kwambiri.

Wolemba ndakatulo anafa zaka 70. Izo zinachitika mu Moscow kwawo anakhala August 6, 2000. mwezi A asanamwalire Anatoly Zhigulin kutsirizidwa kamodzi, monga kunapezeka, zosonkhanitsira otsiriza "ndakatulo". Bukuli linasindikizidwa makope ochepa, pamene wolemba ndakatulo sanalinso.

Zotsatira za ndakatulo iyi

Okumbukira moyo ndi ntchito laibulale ndakatulo ndi dzina lake №9 mu Voronezh, ndi pa khoma la nyumba yake anaika mbale chikumbutso. Komanso, mu ulemu wa Anatoly Zhigulina 2010 mu kwawo anali wodzipereka kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. chochitika anali kuyamba ndi Dipatimenti ya Culture zakayendesedwe ka mzinda, komanso Akuluakulu a mabuku.