"ZIL" mbewu. Likhachev Bzalani (ZIL) - adiresi

Galimoto mafakitale - gawo lofunika kwambiri la dziko la Kudzidalira dziko lililonse kapena zochepa lalikulu. Inde, dziko lathu pali malonda ambiri ofanana, mmodzi amene ali fakitale ZIL. Nkhani ya maonekedwe ake ndi malongosoledwe a zikuchitika akhazikitsidwa mu nkhaniyi.

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Mu 1915, izo potsiriza zinaonekeratu kuti backwardness luso la Russian Ufumu, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kutsogolo. imfa imodzi chimphona amachititsa mu anthu oti ndi luso kutsogolo anali mfundo kuti mzere woyamba wa chitetezo analibe nthawi kuti akatenge zipolopolo ndi zipolopolo. Panalibe magalimoto, ndi nyama samatha sanali ogwira zokwanira.

N'chifukwa chake mu 1916 m'dera Tyufelevoy minda anaika mwala omangira oyamba Amo mbewu. yomanga ake anali zinadzala ndi mavuto ambiri, chifukwa dziko chabe analibe makina limodzi kwa kupanga mbali zofunika. Sami makina mu Russia pakhale panalibe njira, choncho onse ayenera analamula mu United States.

Pambuyo Red October

Mu 1918, pambuyo October kuukira boma, ogwira ntchito kupeza njira popanga zida zosinthira monga chakudya ochokera m'mayiko sanaonekenso. Woyamba mu November 1924 anapangidwa woyamba Soviet galimoto Amo, yomwe inamangidwa kwathunthu zikuluzikulu za m'banja. deti limeneli ankaona kuti tsiku la chiyambi cha makampani ano Russian magalimoto.

Mu 1927, malo Director anavomereza IA Likhachev. Iye anabwera ku mtengo mu mavuto aakulu, pamene dziko sanali antchito aluso kapena mphamvu kutulutsa ngakhale mmene okwanira zitsulo apamwamba. Kupanga zinthu zikatere kunatero mtengo kuti magalimoto ankalengeza ku United States, mtengo 30% (!) Mtengo!

Kupirira, ndi kukhazikitsanso zikuluzikulu za mbewu zinachitikadi mu 1931. Monga mmene yaikulu kuchuluka womwewo wa ntchito, umboni ndi mawu akuti wa Likhachev: "Ndipotu ife anasoka malaya kwa mabatani ...". Pamene mmera akadali otchedwa ZIL ZIS. Mpaka 1939 kampani anali wokhoza kumasula magalimoto okha 40 zikwi Amo, osanenapo za nambalayi magalimoto American anapanga pa nthawi ya chiphaso cha. Kumbukirani kuti kuyambira 1917 kuti 1920 anasiya chipata magalimoto osachepera zikwi ziwiri. Ndi 1939, fakitare wachita anthu 39747.

1941-45

Nkhondo wakhala wadutsamo dziko lonse ndi gulu fakitale. Popeza kampani anamasulidwa mankhwala lalikulu (osati magalimoto komanso mfuti regimental, zipolopolo, etc.), antchito kutsogolo sakutchedwa. Komabe, iwo ankagwira ntchito ku mavuto kotero kuti achinyamata amakonda kuti kutsogolo.

mavuto Kwambiri anawonjezera kuti 1941, mbewu anasamuka ku mizinda ina, m'madera. Mu 1942, chifukwa zinthu zovuta kutsogolo, ndi kuopseza adani a Nazi kupanga maziko analamulidwa wa chiwonongeko cha kumalo a ntchito. Ndi opulumutsidwa fakitale ZIL okha yozizira counteroffensive pafupi Moscow, chifukwa cha zomwe dongosolo anali anathetsedwa.

Kumene posachedwapa kampani anali antchito makamaka achikulire, amayi ndi achinyamata. Theka njala, zokambirana unheated, iwo anali kusonkhanitsa mfundo kutsogolo-mzere. Ndipo iwo kupirira. magalimoto okha kuposa 100 zikwi linapereka zaka zoopsa anayi!

nthawi unawonongedwa

Panthawi imeneyi, mbewu ZIL anayamba mwachangu kusintha ndi angakwanitse. Pafupifupi zaka zofanana, Soviet Union anayamba mgwirizano wachangu China. Malinga ndi zotsatira za zokambirana mu China, linamangidwa fakitale, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga zolembedwa Union. Komanso, mu Soviet Union tinaitanidwa akatswiri Chinese maphunziro.

zonse nthawi wotsatira mpaka mapeto a 80s, ndi ZIL fakitale Moscow kuonjezera mabuku kupanga. Akatswiri a kampani nawo ntchito zonse zikuluzikulu za dziko: mankhwala ndi danga, nkhondo ndi mafakitale magalimoto - izo zonse zinachitidwa kuphatikizapo manja awo.

manda 90

Theka loyamba la 90 chomera zomvetsa chisoni akugwiritsabe. Mwanjira anapulumutsa otsalira Mapangano Soviet-nyengo, ndipo ambiri amalonda zinachitika akuwagulabe magalimoto. Mu 1994, conveyor lamba unapangidwa ndi "lotsiriza la Mohicans," ZIL 130. Zinaoneka kuti Zil (ZIL) wamoyo masiku otsiriza.

Kuyambira chaka cha 1995, zinthu zinafika abwino. Anthu oposa theka la masitolo kulowa ziyambe kukonzedwa, antchito anachotsedwa paulendo gulu lonselo ankaliphera pamodzi chifukwa adalibe mabanja awo chakudya. Pang'ono kupulumutsidwa chuma malamulo ang'onoang'ono umene nthawi zina otsala maofesi kupanga kupita magulu ang'onoang'ono kupanga. Ndi 2011, zinthu wakhala anakula kotero kuti anasiya fakitale gawo kukula wakhala mofanana ndi dera lonse Russian Exhibition Center.

zaka 1996-2011

Mu 1996, eni kumalo a ntchito mofulumira asamathe zitsulo wotchedwa Dmitry Zelenin ndi Alexander Efanov. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti iwo anali asanaonepo pa malo oterowo, koma sanathe angadutse magawo mbewu, imene pa mtengo kuti nthawi kwenikweni makobidi.

Chinthu choyamba anapeza zachilendo dongosolo alamu, zigamba mabowo yaikulu kwambiri mipanda ya (ngakhale kuba makina), komanso anayambitsa chikudutsa watsopano, monga kachitidwe kakale kwa nthawi yaitali kwenikweni ntchito. M'mwezi woyamba wakhala kupewedwa kuba madola za miliyoni. Zinaoneka kuti zinthu anapita bwino, ogula anapezeka ZIL. Likhachev zomera pang'onopang'ono anapeza makasitomala atsopano kunja.

kulephera latsopano

Kalanga, Luzhkov ndinaganiza mwinamwake. Choncho m'mene angayambitsire zomera lipindulitsa anakhala chokoma kwambiri mbamu kuti "ntchito zapakhomo" ndi Efanova Zelenin msanga anakakamizika kugulitsa pamtengo akufuna. kampaniyo linadzazanso katundu wa Moscow, lomwe asanafe automaker anali mwamtheradi zofunika.

Mwalamulo, ulimi wa mamilioni a madola anatsanulira, phindu la magawo anakula ... Koma zinthu anapita chiipire, antchito kachiwiri miyezi sanalandire malipiro. Kotero zinthu anapita mpaka 2010. Ndi nthawi mmera anali kale pafupifupi anasiya. Kodi mu 1939 iye ntchito pafupifupi 40 zikwi anthu 7000 anasiya "zaka demokalase." Mu 2010, anatola 1258 (!) Waliwiro. Conveyor anayima.

Iwo amapulumutsa zomera zokha kuti mbali yaikulu zimapezeka msonkhano umene kwenikweni padera ndalama, koma chifukwa kutulutsa chinachake chogwirika. ndalama amapita ngakhale ku Japan.

2011

chaka chino ndi losaiwalika kwa chakuti Sobyanin anafika. Iye zipolopolo si bwino lomwe za wotsogolera nkhani, wakana kupereka kugulitsa mbewu, anayamba kuthira ndalama ku kampani. Kodi bwino? Ngakhale kanthu amadziwika. Komabe, pa August 30 2011 izo potsiriza kachiwiri anapezerapo ndondomeko kupanga anayamba zambiri kapena zochepa khola kumanga magalimoto. Munthu akhoza kungowauzira ndikuyembekeza kuti mbewu Likhachev koma kuthetsa vutoli.

mumaganiza latsopano

Popeza kuti lero ndi rearmament yogwira wa asilikali, kasamalidwe kampani wayamba ziyembekezo okwezeka malamulo boma adzaikidwa pa mphamvu zake. Popeza mbiri ndi pang'onopang'ono kutsitsimuka kalasi okonza, uyu ali ndi zifukwa zomveka. Mulimonsemo, boma mobwerezabwereza ananena kuti kuvomereza kwa looting womaliza wa kampani Mulimonsemo zosatheka.

Makamaka, kampani potsiriza wobvomerezedwayo mwa udindo wa mzinda kupanga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti upitiriza kaya maphunziro kuthekera. Okhumudwa lero ZIL mbewu. Company adiresi - 115280, Moscow, up. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.