Zilonda za Clinker - ndi chiyani? Mitengo ya Clinker ya facade

Pansi pa mawu akuti "clinker" amabisa zingapo zomaliza ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku dothi la shale pogwiritsa ntchito njira yapadera yopumira. Zimakulolani kuti mukwaniritse mphamvu, chitsimikizo ndi chisanu chotsutsa. Chinthu chofunikira ndi chakuti khungu ndizooneka bwino pamakinala, omwe amadziwika ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Ntchito zake zambiri ndizitali: kuyang'anizana ndi madzi, ziwonetsero, misewu, masitepe ndi zina.

Zilonda zamagetsi: Dzina ili ndi lotani?

Clinker inali ndi dzina lake kudziko lakwawo - ku Holland. Izo zinachokera ku mkokomo wa khalidwe, wopangidwa ndi njerwa ndi matalala kuchokera ku dongo, kudutsa siteji ya kukanikiza ndi kukhetsa, pamene akugwedeza. M'dziko lino, anthu okhalamo amafunikira zinthu zomwe sizikanakhala zosiyana ndi mwalawo malinga ndi machitidwe ogwira ntchito komanso ngakhale zoposa izo. Umu ndi momwe adayambitsira luso la kupanga makina, omwe ali ndi dongo. Unyinji umenewu unkaphikidwa muvuni, kumene zipangizozo zinkawonekera pa nthawi zonse.

Kotero poyera panali tayi yachitsulo, njerwa ndi zina zotere zomwe zimapereka. Onse a iwo sanali otsika mu makhalidwe awo kwa mwala wachirengedwe. Ndichifukwa chake luso la makina a clinker lafala kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, ndipo lagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ntchito, kumanga kunja, kugwira ntchito pamsewu, kumalo okwerera kumtunda, kumtunda, ndikukongoletsera mkati. Ndicho chifukwa chake makampani opanga makampani opitilirabe adakalipo m'mayiko a kumpoto ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya.

Mapulogalamu

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa ndi matani a clinker. Zomwe izi, zimakhala zomveka, ngati tikuziganizira mwatsatanetsatane. Ndizo zomaliza - matabwa a ceramic a kuwombera umodzi. Zimapangidwa kuchokera ku dothi la shale, lomwe limasakanizidwa ndi fluxes ndi ma oxides. Ndondomeko yoyendetsera nyumba yomwe inayang'anizana ndi nyumba inabwera kuchokera ku Germany. Kwa nthawi yaitali akhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pofuna kuteteza ndi kukongoletsa nyumba.

Mitengo yowonongeka ya falayi yakhala yotchuka osati pakati pa okonza mapangidwe, komanso pakati pa makasitomala, chifukwa amadziwika ndi pulasitiki yolemera kwambiri, komanso mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana. Komabe, tsopano mukhoza kupeza zojambula zopangidwa ndi njerwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nkhope yonse. Pazifukwa zomveka komanso zachuma, izi ndi zomveka. Kawirikawiri, kutsanzira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga makina a clinker a facade.

Zizindikiro

Mitundu imeneyi imakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso yooneka bwino. Mlingo wa kukwanira kwa zinthu ndi chinyezi uli ndi zotsatira zoyamba pa kukana kwake kozizira ndi kudumpha, komanso kukhazikika. Madzi ozizira otsika kwambiri amapanga matabwa a clinker osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Ndipo izi zimapereka mpata wogwiritsa ntchito mwakhama mmalo mwa malo oopsa, mwachitsanzo m'malo ogulitsa mafakitale ndi m'madzi oyendamo, kuti amalize kumanga nyumba zomwe zimafunikira chitetezo ku zinthu zoipa zomwe zimachitika m'mlengalenga. Izi zimapangitsa kuti akhale osasunthika, komanso sapereka zosowa zokonzanso.

Gwiritsani ntchito

Chokondweretsa kwambiri ndi momwe matani a clinker amapangidwira. Zomwe ziri, zanenedwa kale, koma ndondomeko yopezera izo sizinafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane. Kuphatikiza pa dothi lodziwika bwino, popanga matani a kinkhaka, komanso nkhondo zowonjezera kapena zowonjezera, zimawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchulukanso kwa zinthuzo kuwonjezereke komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zamtsogolo.

Kodi muli ndi chidwi ndi matani a clinker? Chimene chiri ndi momwe amalandiridwa kale. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chophimba cha konkire, chithovu konkire komanso ngakhale matabwa. Mtolo wake pa mazikowo ndi wosayenerera, ndipo ndi yunifolomu yeniyeni, ndiko kuti, chipinda cha mtundu uwu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubwezeretsa kuti chitalikitse moyo wa nyumba zosawonongeka, komanso kumanga nyumba zambiri. Kutalika kwa matayala nthawi zambiri kumakhala 9 mpaka 25 mm. Pamwamba pa ndondomeko iyi, apamwamba amatenga mphamvu.

Malo ogulitsira katundu ogulitsira mankhwala akutsimikizira kuti iwo adzatumikira zosachepera kuposa nyumbayo yokha.

Kupanga

Kumaliza matani a clinker amapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi extrusion, chifukwa pa izi zili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Zomwe zimawombera zowonjezereka zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kupanga mapulasitiki. Chofunika chake ndi ichi: Dothi la shale limaponyedwa mumabowo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe oyenera, kenako matayala omwe amafunidwa amatha. Gawo lotsatira ndi kuwombera kwa mankhwalawa. Zimapangidwa m'ng'anjo yamtunda, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi mamita 150. Ndondomeko yokha imachitika pa kutentha kwa digrii 1300 mpaka nthawi yomwe kudula kwathunthu kumachitika. Ndi kuwombera bwino bwino, n'zotheka kupanga chimbudzi cholimba kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, omwe mulibe zikuluzikulu zopangira, maphala kapena voids. Pambuyo pa kuwombera, zidazi zimapezanso katundu wotere ngati chiwerengero chapamwamba cha kukana kutaya, kutsika kwa kutentha, kutentha kwa mankhwala owopsa, chisanu. Kotero izo zimatuluka matani a khungu. Zomwe izi zili ndi zomwe ali nazo zidzafotokozedwa mtsogolo.

Zamtengo Wapatali

Chikhalidwe chachikulu - kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi, omwe ndi 3%, kotero zakuthupi zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu. Pali matalala a clinker a njerwa, omwe amathira 4-10%, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi osambira ndi malo ogulitsa.

Zamakono zamakono zomwe zili m'gulu lino zimadziwika ndi zosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yomwe ilipo imakhala yoyera mpaka yofiirira. Matayala a Clinker a facade sangakhale ndi zonyezimira pamwamba, koma amasiyana mosiyana ndi mkangano. Muzinthu zina, zonsezi zinagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomweyo, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zithe kupeza malo omwe akuwoneka ngati akuwonekera.

Mapulogalamu

Kodi matani a clinker amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji? Kodi izi zimapereka chiyani kumanga? Pakali pano pali njira zambiri. Popeza chinthu chodziwika kwambiri ndi chophimba chovala, ndiyenera kuzindikira ubwino wokhudzana ndi mfundoyi.

Mitengo ya njerwa ya njerwa imapangitsa nyumbayo kukhala yokongola, yotetezera ku chisanu, komanso kutentha kwa chilimwe. Pokhapokha, imakhala yotalika, yosagwirizana ndi malo osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi yamphamvu. Chifukwa cha kuwombera uku, n'zotheka kuteteza nyumba kusiyana kwa nyengo. Kusankha kachitidwe kotereku kukumasulirani ku zochitika zilizonse posachedwapa. Ngati makina opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi clinker angagwiritsidwe ntchito, mtengo umene umayamba kuchokera pa 1200 rubles pa mita imodzi, ndiye kuti ukhoza kuiwala za kufunika kokonzanso zodzoladzola kwa nthawi yaitali. Poyerekeza ndi kuyang'ana njerwa, ndipindulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito. Pankhaniyi, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe angasankhidwe kotero kuti si akatswiri onse adzazindikira kuti iyi si njerwa.

Mikangano yokondera nkhaniyo

Akatswiri amanena kuti matalala a clinker a facade ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, yomwe panthawiyi ingangoganiziridwa. Pali lingaliro lakuti palibe chabwino chomwe chimaimiridwa pamsika wa zomangamanga. Ndicho chifukwa chake ziyenera kuwonetsa zopindulitsa zina.

Masentimita otentha omwe ali ndi matayala a clinker ndi zinthu zokonda zachilengedwe zomwe sizikhoza kuvulaza munthu kapena chilengedwe. Kupangidwa kwa nkhaniyi kumachokera ku dothi loyera ndi mchenga wotsika, ndipo palibe zosafunika zina zomwe zimapangidwa. Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chakudetsa panthawi yokazinga, kufunika kokhala ndi diso lapadera kumachotsedwa.

Kumaliza ndi kubwezeretsa

Kapangidwe kake kamene kamadziwika ndi thermopanels ndi matabwa a clinker ndi ofanana mofanana ndi owopsa, palibe zotsalira kapena zazikulu. Mbaliyi imapereka nkhaniyo ndi kuuma ndi mphamvu zomwe zikufanana ndi mwala wogwira ntchito.

Njira yomalizayi ndi yoyenera kwa nyumba zakale, komanso nyumba zatsopano. Makoma a nyumbayo akhoza kupanga zipangizo zosiyana, ndipo glue amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matayala.

Monga mukuonera, matalala a clinker angatchedwe njira yodzikongoletsera zinyumba.