Zimapezekanso m'madzi

zamoyo chilengedwe wamoyo kaŵirikaŵiri zosiyanasiyana zinthu kusintha. Zamoyo amatha kusonyeza magawo zachilengedwe. Mu njira ya chitukuko mbiri ya zinthu zamoyo akhala katswiri malo atatu. Madzi - woyamba wa iwo. Mu moyo wake unachokera ndi kusanduka kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Ground mpweya - sing'anga chachiwiri, amene anatuluka ndi kusinthidwa nyama ndi zomera. Pang'onopang'ono kusintha lithosphere, amene ali pamwamba wosanjikiza wa dziko, iwo analenga pansi, anakhala malo lachitatu.

Mtundu uliwonse wa nsomba kuti moyo mu chilengedwe makamaka, yodziwika ndi mtundu wa mphamvu ndipo thupi, kuteteza chimene chiri chofunika chitukuko yachibadwa. Pamene boma la chilengedwe, kuopseza thupi vutoli a kagayidwe mphamvu ndi mankhwala, thupi kapena atasintha ake mu mlengalenga, kapena kuiika payokha zinthu zabwino kwambiri, kapena kusintha ntchito kuwombola.

Zimapezekanso m'madzi

Osati zinthu zonse mbali ofanana mu moyo wa zamoyo za m'madzi. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi akhoza kugawidwa mu pulayimale ndi sekondale. Ofunika kwambiri a iwo - ndi makina ndi zazikulu makhalidwe a nyanja nthaka ndi madzi, kutentha, kuwala kulemetsedwa ndi kusungunuka m'madzi ndipo ena zinthu zina.

Zinthu amadzimadzi sing'anga

M'madzi malo, wotchedwa hydrosphere, amatenga kuti 71% ya dziko lonse. Buku madzi pafupifupi biliyoni 1,46. Kyubu. Km. Awa, 95% - ndi nyanja. Mwatsopano madzi tichipeza glacial (85%) ndi mobisa (14%). Lakes mchere, Madamu, m'madambo, mitsinje ndi mitsinje zatenga pang'ono kuposa 0,6% ya kuchuluka okwana madzi, lagona chinyezi nthaka 0,35% ndi nthuzi mumlengalenga.

Malo amadzimadzi litadzala ndi 150 zikwi mitundu (amene 7% zonse zamoyo Lapansi) ndi 10 mitundu yambirimbiri ya zomera (8%).

M'dera la equator sayenera zotentha za dziko la nyama ndi zomera osiyanasiyana ambiri. Patali mabacteria amenewa malangizo a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa zikuchokera Mkhalidwe wa zamoyo za m'madzi wayamba osauka. World zamoyo m'nyanja anaikira makamaka pafupi nyanjayi. Moyo pafupifupi kwina madzi lotseguka, yomwe ili kutali pamtunda.

katundu madzi

The thupi katundu wa madzi kudziwa ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya zamoyo mu izo. Pakati pawo, poyamba pa zonse, katundu zofunika matenthedwe. Zikuphatikizapo lalikulu kutentha mphamvu, otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe, mkulu zobisika kutentha evaporation ndi kusungunuka, patsogolo chuma pamaso kuzizira.

Madzi - kwambiri zosungunulira. Boma kusungunuka ogula onse kuyamwa zinthu zochita kupanga ndi organic. Malo amadzimadzi facilitates kayendedwe zinthu mwa thupi, mankhwala kudzitsitsa ndi katswiri ndi madzi.

Mkulu padziko mavuto a madzi anapitiriza padziko wa zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo, ndi chimadzaza capillaries, zomera potero lapadziko kudyetsa.

Madzi chilungamo amalimbikitsa dzuwa pa kuya kwambiri.

magulu Environmental zamoyo amadzimadzi sing'anga

• Benthos - izi ndi zinthu zimene zaikidwa pansi, kunama, kapena moyo mu m'dambo wandiweyani (phytobenthos, zoobenthos ndi Bakteriobentos).
• Periphyton - nyama ndi zomera zimene amagwira kapena alipire zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera kapena pamalo alionse kuti apewe pansi ndi akuyandama pansi madzi mtsinje.
• Zomera - ufulu akuyandama zomera kapena nyama zamoyo.
• Nekton - mwachangu kusambira zamoyo ndi mawonekedwe streamlined thupi, osati kugwirizana ndi pansi (nyama, nsomba, anamgumi pinnipeds, etc.).
• Neuston - tizilombo, zomera ndi nyama pa pamwamba madzi pakati pa mapangidwe madzi ndi mpweya. Izi mabakiteriya, mogwirizana, algae, mphutsi.
• Pleuston - hydrobiont pang'ono madzi ndi mwina pamwamba pa. Iwo sailboats siphonophores, duckweed ndi arthropods.

Mitsinje otchedwa potamobiontami anthu.

M'madzi malo amakhala ndi zinthu achilendo wa moyo. Kufalitsa tizilombo pa lalikulu chikoka kutentha, kuwala, madzi, kuthamanga, mipweya kotero, ndi mchere zace. zinthu zokhala m'madzi m'madzi komanso chokhala ndi osiyana kwambiri. M'madziwo ndi malo abwino kwambiri pafupi ndi njira thupi. Ngelezi madzi okhala awo sakhala yabwino.