Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo

The zaka miyala ya dziko lapansili zaka pafupifupi mabiliyoni 4.5 zaka. Nthawi imeneyi, Dziko Lapansi wasintha kwambiri. The zikuchokera m'mlengalenga, unyinji wa dzikoli, nyengo - kumayambiriro kuli chirichonse chinali chosiyana. Osungunula mpira pang'onopang'ono kukhala ngati tikugwiritsa ntchito powona lero. Anakumana mbale tectonic, kupanga ranges latsopano phiri. Pang'onopang'ono yozizira pansi dziko anapanga nyanja ndi nyanja. Iwo anaonekera na ciyezezo m'maiko, kusintha mawonekedwe awo ndi kukula. Earth pang'onopang'ono sangathenso. Panali zomera woyamba ndiyeno moyo weniweniwo. Choncho, pa mabiliyoni m'mbuyomu zaka pa dziko lino lapansi pakhala kusintha kwakukulu mu mkombero hydrologic, kutentha ndi kuzizira ndipo mumlengalenga zikuchokera. kusintha kwa nyengo zikuchitika paliponse kuli dziko lapansi.

Holocene lothandiza

Holocene - gawo la nthawi Quaternary wa Cenozoic nyengo. M'mawu ena, izi ndi nyengo imene unayamba pafupifupi 12,000 zapitazo ndipo akupitiriza pano. Holocene anayamba ndi mapeto a Ice Age, ndi kuyambira kusintha kwa nyengo pa dziko anapita kwa likutentha. nthawi iyi mChipangano interglacial, monga kwa mbiriyakale yonse nyengo ya dziko panali angapo aisi.

Last lonse kuzirala zinachitika pafupifupi zaka 110,000 zapitazo. 14 zikwi zapitazo anayamba n'kumawotha pang'onopang'ono wokhawokha dziko lonse. Oundana kuti anaphimba pa nthawi imeneyo ambiri a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi anayamba kusungunula ndi apasuke. Mwachibadwa, zimenezi sizikuchitika zonse mwakamodzi. Kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri a dziko agwedezeka kusinthasintha amphamvu kutentha, kuwundana patsogolo, ndiye anabwerera kachiwiri. Zonsezi amakhudza mlingo wa nyanja.

Holocene nthawi

Pophunzira ambiri, asayansi anaganiza kugawanitsa Holocene mu nthawi zingapo nthawi, malingana ndi nyengo. Pafupifupi 12-10 zikwi zapitazo, ife tinapita zisoti ayezi, kubwera pambuyo glacial. Ku Ulaya, Titafika pamalo anayamba kutha, izo m'malo ndi birch, paini ndi nayonso nkhalango. nthawi imeneyi imatchedwa Arctic ndi boma Arctic nthawi.

Pambuyo nyengo boreal lapansi. Nayonso Chipululu chamatalala chaka chonse akankhidwira patsogolo kumpoto. Ku Southern Europe, panali nkhalango yotakata-Ndalankhula. Pa nthawi imeneyo, nyengo anali makamaka ozizira ndi youma.

Pafupifupi 6000 zapitazo ya Atlantic nyengo, imene mpweya anali ofunda ndi chinyezi, wotentha kwambiri kuposa masiku ano. Nthawi imeneyi akuti ndi nyengo akadakwanitsira Holocene. Theka la Iceland chidafundidwa ndi nkhalango birch. Europe mwadzaza zosiyanasiyana zomera kutentha wachikondi. Pa nthawi yomweyo kutalika kwa nkhalango kotentha anali zoposa kumpoto. M'mphepete mwa Nyanja Barents kukula nkhalango coniferous, nayonso, n'kukafika Cape Chelyuskin. Pa malo a Sahara makono savannah, ndi mlingo wa madzi a m'nyanja Chad anali pamwamba pa nthawiyo mamita 40.

Pomwepo adadza kusintha kwa nyengo kachiwiri. Panali kuziwerenga ozizira kuti unatha pafupi zaka 2000. nthawi iyi akutchedwa subboreal. Mapiri a ku Alaska, Iceland, ndi Alps muli oundana. Malo mabacteria kuti ankatembenukira kuyandikira kwa dziko.

Pafupifupi 2.5 zikwi zapitazo anayamba nthawi yomalizira ya Holocene zamakono - Subatlantic. Nyengo ya nthawi iyi anakhala kuzizira ndi wetter. Anayamba kuoneka bogs peat, Titafika pamalo anayamba pang'onopang'ono kukhazikika mu nkhalango, ndi nkhalango - pa steppe lapansi. Mozungulira m'ma 14 nyengo yozizira, wopita ku Little Ice Age, chimene chinafika mpaka cha m'ma 19. Panthawi imeneyi, ife analemba nkhondo ya madzi oundana mapiri a Kumpoto kwa Ulaya, Iceland, Alaska ndi Andes. M'madera nyengo dziko anasintha osati synchronously. The zifukwa isanayambike wa Little Ice Age akadali osadziwika. Mu maganizo asayansi nyengo akhoza zimasiyana chifukwa ukuwonjezeka kuphulika ndi kuchepetsa mpweya ndende mu mlengalenga.

Chiyambi cha kuzipenya nyengo

Woyamba nyengo siteshoni anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tsopano pansi polojekiti mosalekeza kusiyanasiyana nyengo. Zimakhala credibly amanena kuti kwanyengo kuti linayamba Little Ice Age, ndipo akupitiriza pano.

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 19, atathana lonse pafupifupi kutentha kwa dzikoli. Mu zaka za m'ma 20, kunja kunali kukuzizirira pang'ono, amene anali ziribe mphamvu pa nyengo wonse. Popeza m'ma 70s anakhalanso otentha. Asayansi amati zaka za m'mbuyomu chawonjezeka ndi 0,74 madigiri lonse kutentha kwa Dziko Lapansi. Kukula apamwamba chizindikiro ichi analembedwa zaka 30 zapitazi.

Kusintha kwa nyengo likukhudza boma la nyanja. Global kutentha kuwonjezeka kumabweretsa kukula kwa madzi, choncho ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wake. Komanso kubwera kusintha mu dongosolo mpweya, limene pamapeto zingasokoneze otaya mitsinje ndi oundana.

Malinga ndi kuyang'anila, ndi mlingo wa nyanja kwa zaka 100 zapitazi wakula ndi masentimita 5. Kutentha kwa asayansi nyengo asonyeza zichuluke ndende wa carbon dioxide ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri mmene kutentha.

zinthu nyengo

Asayansi maphunziro ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndipo anaona kuti nyengo lathuli Osangopereka asintha. malingaliro ambiri achita patsogolo pa nkhani imeneyi. Malinga ndi maganizo amodzi, ngati mtunda pakati pa dziko ndi dzuwa sizinasinthe, komanso liwiro rotational ndi ngodya ya dziko chitsulo chogwira matayala, nyengo adzatsala khola.

zinthu zina kusintha kwa nyengo:

1. Kusintha cheza dzuwa kumabweretsa kusintha cheza fluxes dzuwa.
2. Movement mbale tectonic bwanji orography m'dziko, komanso mlingo wa nyanja ndi makope ake.
3. The mpweya zikuchokera mlengalenga, makamaka wa methane ndi mpweya ndende.
4. Kusintha kuweramira wa kasinthasintha olamulira.
5. Kusintha magawo a kanjira wa dziko poyerekezera ndi dzuwa.
6. Padziko lapansi ndi za kuwonongeka kwa dziko.

zochita za anthu ndi imakhudzira nyengo

Zoyambitsa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo umanena kuphatikizapo mfundo yakuti anthu kwa linakhalapo, kusokoneza chirengedwe. Kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, yolima reclamation dziko ndi m. P. masinthidwe kuyambitsa chinyezi ndi mphepo zinthu.

Pamene anthu kusintha kwa chilengedwe, kukhetsa zithaphwi, kulenga amatunga yokumba, kudula nkhalango ndi chodzala atsopano, namanga midzi yawo ndi zina zotero. N., Kusintha kwa nyengo. Wood kwambiri umakhudza mphepo boma, lomwe chimasonyeza chisanu adzagwa, monga dothi chilled.

Green zomera m'mizinda kuchepetsa chikoka cheza dzuwa, kuchuluka chinyezi, kuchepetsa kutentha kusiyana masana ndi madzulo, kuchepetsa dustiness mpweya.

Ngati anthu kudula nkhalango mapiri, m'tsogolo, zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Komanso, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mitengo amachepetsa kutentha lonse. Komabe, izi zikutanthauza kuwonjezeka mu ndende ya mpweya woipa mu mpweya osati chosakanikirana ndi mitengo, komanso Komanso allocated ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitengo. Zonsezi compensates kuti kuchepa mu kutentha padziko lonse ndipo kumayambitsa kuchuluka kwake.

Makampani ndi imakhudzira nyengo

Zimayambitsa kusintha kwa nyengo kugona osati kutentha wonse, komanso mu zochita za anthu. Anthu kuchuluka ndende mu mpweya wa zinthu monga carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, tropospheric ozoni, hlorftoruglevody. Zonsezi n'kukumana ndi mmene kutentha ndipo zotsatira zake zingakhale sizingasinthe.

Daily zomera mafakitale zimatulutsa mu mlengalenga kwambiri mpweya oopsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito magalimoto uwononge m'mlengalenga ndi exhausts awo. Ambiri mpweya woipa anapanga pa kuyaka wa mafuta ndi malasha. Ngakhale ulimi amayambitsa kuwonongeka ndithu kuti m'mlengalenga. Pafupifupi 14% ya mpweya onse kutentha ali mu mpweya m'munda. Izi minda yolima, ndi kuyatsa zinyalala, moto wa m'tchire, manyowa, fetereza, ulimi nyama ndi N. Kufunda zotero. Amatithandiza kusungabe matenthedwe muyezo wa dzikoli, koma zochita za anthu amakulitsa amenewa nthawi zina. Ndipo kungachititse kuti tsoka.

Ndichitirenji mantha ndi kusintha kwa nyengo?

97% ya zanyengo dziko amakhulupirira kuti kwambiri kusandulika pa zaka 100 zapitazi. Ndi vuto lalikulu kusintha kwa nyengo - ndi zochita za anthu. Inu simungakhoze molondola onena mmene lalikulu zinthu, koma pali zifukwa zambiri zoti nkhawa:

1. Ife redraw mapu a dziko. mfundo ndi yakuti ngati kuwundana kusungunula wosatha Arctic ndi Antarctica, apanga 2% ya nkhokwe dziko la madzi, madzi a m'nyanja an'dzamuka mamita 150. Malinga Asayansi akhakula kuneneratu kuti Arctic adzakhala ayezi m'chilimwe cha 2050. Lolani ndimidzi ingati m'mphepete mwa nyanja, angapo limati chilumba idzapita kwathunthu.
2. Kuopseza njala padziko lonse. Kale anthu onse padziko lapansi ndi pa biliyoni asanu anthu. Mu zaka 50 kuyembekezeredwa kuti anthu adzakhala kuposa wina biliyoni. Ngati azimuth ichi cha kuchuluka kwa moyo amayembekezeka ndi kuchepetsa imfa za khanda mu 2050, chakudya adzafuna ndi 70% kuposa kanjedza pano. Pa nthawi imeneyo, m'madera ambiri akhoza anasefukira. Kuwonjezeka kutentha adzakonza kumveka mu chipululu. Mbewu ali pachiopsezo.
3. Kusungunuka Arctic ndi Antarctic patsogolo kwa mpweya lonse mpweya woipa ndi dziko. Pansi ayezi wamuyaya ndi kuchuluka yaikulu mpweya woipa. Kuswa m'mlengalenga, zimasonyeza mmene kutentha, chifukwa mu mavuto adzaoneni kwa anthu.
4. Ocean acidification. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi la mpweya uyikidwa m'nyanja, koma kuti mpweya supersaturation zidzapangitsa kuti makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa madzi. Industrial utasintha zachititsa kuti kuwonjezeka makutidwe ndi okosijeni 30%.
5. Misa akuti mitundu ya. Kumene, ikutha ndi masoka njira chirengedwe. Koma posachedwapa zinatha nyama zambiri ndi zomera, ndi chifukwa cha izi - ntchito anthu.
6. Oika zochitika nyengo. likutentha zimadzetsa mavuto aakulu. Chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo, zivomezi, tsunami - izo zifika ndi kwambiri. Tsopano nyengo kwambiri kuphedwa kwa anthu 106.000 chaka, ndi chithunzi ichi mudzakhala.
7. Zikukhalira za nkhondo. Chilala ndi madzi osefukira adzasintha zigawo lonse aziopa, choncho, anthu mpata kuti apulumuke. Yambani nkhondo chuma.
8. Kusintha nyanja mafunde. Waukulu "chotenthetsera" Europe ndi Gulf Stream - panopa ofunda ukuyenda pamodzi Atlantic Ocean. Kale pa n'kugwera pansi ndi kusintha malangizo ake. Ngati ndondomeko akupitiriza, Europe adzakhala pansi wosanjikiza wa chisanu. Padziko lonse lidzakhala vuto lalikulu ndi nyengo.
9. Kusintha kwa nyengo kale kugulitsidwa mabiliyoni ambiri. Sizikudziwika mmene kulili angadwale nambala ngati apitiriza.
10. Kuwakhadzula Dziko Lapansi. Palibe anganeneretu mmene kusintha chilengedwe kuti dzikoli likutentha. Asayansi kupeza njira kuteteza zizindikiro. Mmodzi wa iwo kuponya ndalama zambiri sulfure m'mlengalenga. Izi yesezera zotsatira yaikulu kuphulika ndi kuyambitsa kuzirala kwa dziko chifukwa blockage dzuwa. Sizikudziwika zimene zimakhudza dongosolo kwenikweni ngati anthu ndidzalizindikiritsa poipa.

Convention The UN

Maboma a mayiko ambiri a dziko akuda mantha pa zimene zingatigwere zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Chimango Convention - zaka zoposa 20 zapitazo, mgwilizano mayiko unakhazikitsidwa ku United Nations pa kusintha kwa nyengo. Apa tikambirana miyeso n'kotheka kupewa likutentha. Tsopano Convention wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano m'mayiko 186, kuphatikizapo Russia. ophunzira onse kusiyanitsidwa m'magulu 3: m'mafakitale m'mayiko olemera, ndi vuto la zachuma ndi m'mayiko osauka.

Msonkhanowu UN pa kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kumenyera kuchepetsa kutentha mpweya kuwonjezeka mu mlengalenga ndi olimba zina zizindikiro. Izi chingapezeke kaya ndi kuwonjezeka mpweya woipa otaya ku mlengalenga kapena kuchepa umuna awo. Pakuti chimake choyamba tiyenera ambiri nkhalango wamng'ono, umene kuyamwa mpweya woipa mlengalenga ndi chimake chachiwiri chikwaniritsidwa ngati kuchepetsa kumwa mafuta okumba pansi. Onse linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi dziko amavomereza kuti dziko lili padziko lonse kusintha kwa nyengo. The UN ndi wokonzeka kuchita zonse zotheka kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha kunyanyala inali pafupi.

Ambiri a mayiko nawo msonkhanowo, anazindikira kuti adzakhala mtima kwambiri ntchito olowa ndi mapulogalamu. Pa nthawi, pali oposa 150 ntchito zimenezi. Mwalamulo, Russia lili 9 m'ndondomeko zotere, ndipo mwamwayi - 40.

Chakumapeto 1997, Convention pa kusintha kwa nyengo anasaina Kyoto protocol, amene n'kukulemberani kuti chuma kusintha anachita okha kuti kuchepetsa mpweya mpweya woipa. Protocol wakhala linalowa nawo m'Pangano ndi mayiko 35.

dziko lathu komanso nawo kukhazikitsa Protocol izi. Kusintha kwa nyengo ku Russia anatsogolera chakuti chiwerengero cha masoka achilengedwe ali kawiri. Ngakhale ngati timaona kuti dera la nkhalango boreal ili, iwo sangathe kulimbana ndi mpweya onse mpweya woipa. M'pofunika patsogolo ndi patsogolo zachilengedwe zimadalirana nkhalango, kugwira ntchito zikuluzikulu kuchepetsa mpweya ku makampani mafakitale.

Maulosi a likutentha

Akamanena za kusintha kwa nyengo m'zaka otsiriza likutentha. Malinga ndi koipa muno zina zinthu zopanda chilungamo anthu angathe kuonjezera kutentha Dziko Lapansi pa kuzungulira 11 madigiri. kusintha kwa nyengo adzakhala sizingasinthe. Wosakwiya kasinthasintha wa dziko adzafa nyama ndi zomera zambiri. misinkhu nyanja World adzauka mwakuti adzakhala paliponse zilumba zambiri ndipo ambiri m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Gulf Stream idzasintha yake, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti latsopano Little Ice Age mu Europe. Zidzachitike ambiri achilengedwe, kusefukira kwa madzi, Anthufe tikuvutika, mphepo, chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi zina zotero. N. Kodi kuyamba kusungunuka ayezi mu Arctic ndi Antarctica.

Kwa anthu, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zoopsa. Kupatulapo kufunika kupulumuka mu zikhalidwe za anomalies amphamvu chibadwidwe anthu ambiri mavuto ena. Makamaka chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha matenda a mtima, matenda ndi kupuma matenda amaganizo, miliri kuyamba. Mudzamva ndi kusowa pachimake chakudya ndi kumwa madzi.

Kodi kuchita?

Kupewa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo, choyamba tiyenera kuchepetsa mlingo wa mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga. Anthu ayenera kusuntha kwa zopangira magetsi watsopano, amene ayenera kukhala otsika-zashuga ndi zongowonjezwdwa. Pasanapite nthawi yaitali, pamaso pa khamu lonse adzauka zikuchepa nkhaniyi, kuyambira gwero panopa ntchito - utsi mchere - sanali zongowonjezwdwa. Tsiku lina asayansi adzalenga latsopano, njira zamakono zophera.

M'pofunikanso kuchepetsa mlingo wa mpweya woipa mu mlengalenga ndi kuwathandiza wenewu m'madera reforestation.

Zimayenera kugwiritsa ntchito khama lalikulu kuti zithetse bata la dziko lonse lapansi. Koma ngakhale izi sizikuyenda bwino, anthu ayesetse kukwaniritsa zotsatira zochepa za kutentha kwa dziko.