Zitsulo zosinthika za Ion: ntchito. Kodi ndi okhwima bwanji mu kuyeretsa madzi?

Zitsulo zosinthana za Ion zimakhala zosakanikirana pamagulu akuluakulu a maselo, zomwe zingasonyeze zomwe zimachitika mukamagwirizana ndi njira zothetsera vutoli. Iwo ali ndi gel osakaniza atatu kapena macroporous structure. Amatchedwanso kuti "ion exchangers".

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitengo imeneyi ndi kusinthana kwa mchere (iwo amagawikana kwambiri ndi acidic ndi pang'ono acidic), kusinthanitsa kwa nyama (zowonongeka, zosafunikira kwenikweni, zogwirizanitsa ndi zosakaniza) ndi bipolar. Mafakitale amphamvu kwambiri ndi osinthana nawo omwe amatha kusinthanitsa nsomba popanda kudalira pH mtengo. Koma ofooka acidic akhoza kugwira ntchito ndi mtengo wa osachepera asanu ndi awiri. Ogulitsa ochepa kwambiri a anion ali ndi udindo wosinthanitsa anions mu njira zothetsera kusiyana, pa pH iliyonse. Izi, ndizo, sizikhala ndi osinthanitsa osakaniza kwenikweni. Mkhalidwe umenewu, pH iyenera kukhala 1-6. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, resin ikhoza kusinthana ions m'madzi, kulandira imodzi, ndipo pobwezera imabwezeretsanso zomwe poyamba zinasungidwa. Ndipo popeza ndi H ₂ O-multicomponent structure, tiyenera kukonzekera bwino, kusankha mankhwala anachita.

Zida

Zitsulo zosinthika za Ion ndi polyelectrolytes. Iwo samaphwanya. Ion yowonongeka imakhala yosasunthika, chifukwa imakhala ndi maselo akuluakulu. Amapanga maziko a ion exchanger, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi zomwe ziri ndi chizindikiro chosiyana, ndipo, zowonjezera, zikhoza kuwatsinthanitsa iwo mu njira.

Kupanga

Ngati pulomer yomwe ilibe katundu wa ion exchanger, imachiritsidwa mankhwala, ndiye padzakhala kusintha - kubwezeretsedwa kwa utomoni wosinthika wa ion. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mapuloteni, komanso polycondensation ndi polymerization, ion exchangers amapezeka. Pali mchere komanso mitundu yambiri yamchere. Choyamba chimatanthauza sodium ndi kloride, ndipo yachiwiri - sodium-hydrogen, hydroxyl-chloride mitundu. Muzochitika zoterezi, zotsatsa malonda zimapangidwa. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pakapita nthawi amawatumiza ku fomu yogwira ntchito, yomwe ndi hydrogen, hydroxyl, ndi zina zotero. Zida zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera osiyanasiyana, monga mankhwala, mankhwala, mankhwala ogulitsa chakudya, komanso magetsi a nyukiliya. Chitsulo chosinthidwa ndi ion kwa fyuluta yothandizira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.

Ntchito

Chotsitsa chosinthika cha Ion chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakompyutayi ikhozanso kutsegula madzi. Pachifukwa ichi, zitsulo zosinthanitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu udale wa mphamvu ya kutentha. Mu ma hydrometallurgy, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zopanda fere ndi zowonjezereka, mu makampani, amatsukidwa ndipo zinthu zosiyana zimagawanika. Ion exchangers akhoza kuyeretsa madzi osambira, ndipo organic organic iwo onse othandizira. Choncho, zitsulo zosinthika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Kuyeretsa mafakitale

Pa malo otentha, kutsika kwake kumawoneka, ndipo ngati kufika kwa 1 mm okha, mafutawa adzawonjezeka ndi 10%. Ndidawonongekabe. Komanso, zipangizo zimanyamula mwamsanga. Pofuna kupewa izi, muyenera kukonzekera bwino mankhwala. Pachifukwachi, fyuluta yomwe ili ndi resin yosinthika ion imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukutsitsa madzi, mukhoza kuchotsa msinkhu. Njirazi ndi zosiyana, koma pakuwonjezeka kutentha, zosankha zawo zimakhala zochepa.

Chithandizo cha H ₂ O

Pali njira zambiri zoyeretsera madzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi akupanga chithandizo, kapena mukhoza kuchigwirizanitsa ndi makompyuta, makompyuta, IOMS-1. Koma njira yowonjezereka kwambiri ikufesedwa ndi kusinthana kwa ion. Izi zidzakakamiza kuyika kwa zinthu za madzi kuti zisinthe. Pamene njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, H ₂ O pafupifupi yosasinthika kwathunthu, kuipitsidwa kumatayika. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuyeretsa koteroku n'kovuta kukwaniritsa m'njira zina. Mankhwala a madzi ndi resin-exchange resins ndi otchuka kwambiri ku Russia komanso m'mayiko ena. Kusamba koteroko kuli ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo ndikophweka kwambiri kuposa njira zina. Zinthu zomwe zimachotsedwa sizidzasungidwa pansi, ndipo zosafunika siziyenera kuikidwa nthawi zonse. Kuti njirayi ikhale yophweka mosavuta - kapangidwe ka fyuluta ndi ofanana. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zochita zanu zokha. Pambuyo kuyeretsa, katunduyo adzapulumutsidwa pansi pa kusinthika kulikonse kwa kutentha.

Ion yosinthanitsa resin Purolite A520E. Kufotokozera

Kuti atenge zitsulo za nitrate m'madzi, zinyama zam'madzi zinapangidwa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa H ₂ O muzosiyana zofalitsa. Makamaka pa izi, mawonekedwe osinthika a purolite A520E adawonekera. Zimathandiza kuchotsa nitrates ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa sulfates. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, poyerekeza ndi ena othandizana nawo, ubweya uwu umakhala wogwira mtima kwambiri komanso uli ndi makhalidwe abwino.

Ntchito yogwira ntchito

Purolite A520E ili ndi kusankha kosankhidwa. Izi zimathandiza, mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa sulfate, kuchotsa nitrates moyenera. Ntchito zotere sizikhoza kudzitamandira zitsulo zina zosinthana. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti kusinthanitsa kwa zinthu kumachepetsa ndi zomwe zili ndi sulfates mu H ₂ O. Koma chifukwa cha kusankha kwa Purolite A520E, kuchepetsa uku sikofunika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawo ndi otsika, poyerekeza ndi ena, kusinthana kwathunthu, madzi ambirimbiri amayeretsedwa mokwanira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati palibe sulfate zokwanira, ndiye kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anion yosinthanitsa ndi gel komanso yapamwamba, imatha kuthana ndi chithandizo cha madzi komanso kuthetsa nitrates.

Ntchito yokonzekera

Kuti Purolite A520E resin ikhale yogwira ntchito 100%, iyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti iyambe kuyeretsa ndi kukonzekera H2 O chifukwa cha malonda. Zindikirani kuti musanagwiritse ntchito, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala a NaCl 6%. Pochita zimenezi, gwiritsani ntchito voliyumu yochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa utomoni wokha. Pambuyo pake, kampu imatsukidwa ndi madzi a chakudya (kuchuluka kwa H ₂ O kuyenera kukhala 4 nthawi yaikulu). Pokhapokha atachita zoterezi, ndizotheka kuvomerezedwa kuti athetse.

Kutsiliza

Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthana, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazogulitsa zakudya osati kokha kwa kuyeretsedwa kwa madzi, komanso kupanga mankhwala, zakumwa zosiyanasiyana ndi zina. Mu maonekedwe, osinthanitsa ndi anion ndi mipira yaying'ono. Ndi kwa iwo omwe calcium ndi magnesium amatsatira, ndipo iwo amapereka zitsulo za sodium m'madzi. Pa nthawi yochapa, granule amasula zinthu izi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kupanikizidwa mu resin yosinthika ion imatha. Izi zimakhudza zothandiza zake. Zosintha zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja: kutentha, khola kutalika ndi kukula kwa tinthu, ndi liwiro lawo. Choncho, chikhalidwe choyenera cha sing'anga chiyenera kusungidwa panthawi yopangidwe. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsira ntchito anion osinthana nawo poyeretsa madzi a aquarium - amathandiza kuti apange nsomba ndi zomera. Choncho, zitsulo zosinthana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, ngakhale pakhomo, chifukwa amatha kuyeretsa madzi kuti agwiritse ntchito.