Zofewa tirigu: kufotokoza, kulima, ntchito

Zofewa tirigu mitundu a mitundu a zomera pachaka herbaceous. The zambiri anakumana mbewu monga chimanga banja ndi mjatlikovyh. Zitsanzo loyambirira la tirigu zofewa anapezeka zikwi zapitazo m'dera la Turkey lero. Mu masiku athu ya zakudya zachimanga makamaka kupanga ophika buledi, ngakhale kuti pali njira zina kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ulimi. Zikhalidwe zimene wakula tirigu zofewa, mulibe zofuna mkulu pa nyengo, choncho si chinthu chachilendo mu Russia.

Kufotokozera za zomera

Kusintha kwa tirigu ndi 100 cm, pamene pafupifupi ranges wa 60-80 cm. Mu magawo oyambirira zomera zigawo poyera kapena pubescent ndi culm ndi dzenje ndi woonda. Masamba kufika 16 mm m'lifupi mwa kakulidwe kupeza kuuma. Kwenikweni, makutu a tirigu anatsimikiza dzina - kapangidwe ake zofewa ali osiyana fragility, koma amakhala ndi elasticity. Mphambano makutu a Mzere wachiwiri ndi pakati olamulira palibe mitolo tsitsi.

Pamwamba pa intervals wa inflorescence pa makutu pafupi pakuchitika -7 mm. Pa nthawi yomweyo, makutu ndi magawo pafupifupi wofanana m'litali ndi m'lifupi. Mamba, amene akachita tirigu makutu mu dongosolo la mamilimita 10 m'litali, pamene kukhala mapeto lakuthwa pa muyezo wa. Iyi ndi yochepa dzino, moyang'anana kunja - ndi mtundu wa chipangizo zoteteza kwa zomera.

Kumene nakulitsa?

Mu mndandanda wa mbewu wotchuka mtundu umenewu wa nayo mbiri m'dera limene mukukhala dziko. Chotero ukugwirizana ndi zathandizira undemanding kwa nthaka ndi nyengo imene chikhalidwe kukula. Komabe, ena mitundu tidakali ndi zofooka. Mwachitsanzo, chilimwe tirigu optimally akufotokozera pansi zinthu ° 25 40. Izi otchedwa zigawo tirigu chogwidwa m'madera ulimi ndi nyengo yabwino.

Ngati ife kulankhula za malo enieni, zidzakhala Europe ndi Australia. Pankhani ya m'madera European akhoza kukamba za kukula mu steppe ndi steppe nkhalango mabacteria. alimi Australia amagwiritsidwa motsogozedwa ndi gulu la minda mwa tirigu pa mizereyi steppe. Zimafalikira chikhalidwe mu North ndi South America, kumene wakhala kuphunzitsidwa minda ndi pampas. Sasiya mbewu ndi alimi Russian. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zokolola za tirigu, umene ndi avareji ya 26-28 makilogalamu / ha pa nyengo.

Gulu lalikulu la tirigu zofewa

Ubwino waukulu wa tirigu ndi kuthekera kupanga gilateni. Ndi kwa chuma ichi zimadalira maonekedwe a ophika buledi mankhwala. Tirigu pambuyo processing chachikulu amapita kupanga mankhwala pasta, dzinthu ndi wowuma. Kudziwa woyenerera wa mbewu zosowa zosiyana wakhala anayambitsa gulu mfundo zikuluzikulu za tirigu zochokera mapuloteni okhutira ndi gilateni-free, komanso khalidwe lake. Ku mitundu mitundu ya ndodo quality, komanso pamaso zosafunika tirigu zofewa m'magulu asanu. Choncho mawu a gilateni tirigu akadali akutsogola ndi olimba, koma kulima yake ayenera kutsatira zinthu kuyeza zambiri agro-nyengo, ndi izi sindingathe m'madera onse.

Quality gulu la ufa

Kuona mphamvu ufa zochokera zizindikiro ziwiri zikuluzikulu - ntchito enzyme ndi khalidwe la gilateni. Pali magulu atatu, amene amasiyana chifukwa cha zizindikiro za katundu izi. Kalasi yoyamba ndi tirigu amphamvu, amene amakhala ndi mkulu mapuloteni okhutira, supple ndi zotanuka gilateni, komanso vitreous kwambiri. Ufa, opangidwa pamaziko a mbewu woteroyo, porous ndi chochuluka mbewu. Monga tirigu ndi zovuta, chotero chimango kwa ophika buledi mankhwala akhoza kusintha mbewu ofooka. Gulu lachiwiri ukufanizidwa ndi mphamvu avareji mbewu, amene sindingakhoze basi kuchita monga modifiers wa tirigu ofooka, koma ndi katundu mulingo woyenera kupanga mankhwala buledi. Gulu lachitatu - tirigu ofooka, ndi makhalidwe ake wotsikitsitsa kuphika. Kuyambira amalandira pang'ono mankhwala mphero mbewu, amasiyana porosity akhakula. Ofooka zofewa tirigu zambiri kupereka ndalama kochepa mapuloteni ndi gilateni. ufa Izi ntchito kupanga Confectionery.

kulima

Mu Russia, izo akulimidwa ndi chisanu ndi kasupe tirigu. Pa nthawi yomweyo gawo la nkhani zofewa tirigu pafupifupi 95%. 45% ya gawo ili ndi yozizira tirigu, umene wakula makamaka m'madera kum'mwera ndi chapakati. mitundu amenewa bwino bwino chifukwa ali nazo kukana kwa chisanu. Iwo amatha kupirira mpaka madigiri -35. Komabe, snowless nyengo zoopsa chifukwa tirigu amenewa.

Mtundu uliwonse wa kwambiri kufunika chonde ndi chinyezi nthaka. Zima amafuna chinyezi chokwanira pa kumera. Ndi chilala, iwo kuchita bwino kuposa kasupe tirigu. Monga zina feteleza laimu ntchito - monga ulamuliro, njira ya feteleza ntchito dothi ndi asidi wambiri. Ponena za nthawi yofesa, yozizira tirigu pa nthawi ya isanayambike chisanu ayenera nthawi tillered - pa izo ndipo potsatira agronomists odziwa. Mu zikhalidwe chilala kuchitanso potero. M'chaka nthaka kupanga urea ndi ammonium nitrate, koma pokhapokha ngati dziko zatha mu asafe.

Mphero katundu wa tirigu

The ndondomeko ya umapezeka amafuna makina wapadera kulumikiza mwakhama mu njira ya kuchuluka kwa mphamvu. Malinga ndi khama anakhala anatsimikiza ndi mtengo wa ufa tirigu. mfundo zake zochokera makhalidwe angapo chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo umapezeka, fineness, mowa mphamvu, ndi zina zotero. D. Komanso n'komwe ndi mosadziwika makhalidwe, monga pachilichonse, chikhalidwe ndi phulusa. Natura - muyeso wa misa buku mbewu, tingasonyezere malita. Ang'onoang'ono mtengo uwu, m'munsi kuchuluka kwa ufa. Amagwiritsidwanso yodziwika ndi tirigu zofewa limagwirizana, yomwe imapanga zikutanthauza magawo a njere. Avereji ya tirigu kukula kwa mawonekedwe zonse kulimbikitsa zosavuta Mkhalidwe ndi milled.

Zakudya katundu wa tirigu

Mapira makutu ali ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza, kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi mapuloteni, chakudya mchere. Makamaka thanzi gilateni wokhutira amene amasiyana mitundu chidali wa tirigu. Izi misa mphira ngati amapangidwa kuchokera mbewu finely kuuluka. Zopangapanga ndondomeko kumaphatikizapo kusamba ndi madzi, potero kupereka mkulu wa ndende zikuluzikulu zomanga thupi monga glutenin ndi gliadin. Komanso, zofewa tirigu mu mawonekedwe kukonzedwa akhoza akupanga wowuma, mapadi ndi mafuta zedi yaing'ono. Cholowa cha zigawo mapuloteni nkhani 80% ndi wowuma imafuna 20% ya gilateni.

ntchito

Nthawi zambiri, imeneyi ntchito ngati tirigu monga chimanga kwa ophika buledi mankhwala. Komanso ku chikhalidwe zokolola chimera, amene amadziwika kuti mowa tirigu. Kodi ntchito ndi byproducts - mwachitsanzo, pambuyo chopunthira ndi chinangwa, kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa ziweto. Ikani tirigu mitundu zofewa, ndi mafakitale opanga wowuma ndi bioethanol. Komabe, mafakitale awa ndiyofunikila mfundo za ntchito ya tirigu yaiwisi. Osachepera, pali zambiri mbewu, amene ali ambiri m'madera a mafakitale. Tirigu akadali ndi cholinga pa gawo chakudya.

Pomaliza

Ponseponse tirigu chinathandiza kuphweka kwake kwa zinthu agro-nyengo akadakwanitsira katundu mphero zoti kukonzedwa kupeza apamwamba anaphika katundu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, tirigu zofewa ali kwambiri zaphindu zopangira kwa makampani chakudya. Panopa makhalidwe ulimi anatsindika monga mitundu kasupe yabwino kwambiri kulima mwa zikhalidwe za nyengo Russian. Koma mbewu yozizira zatenga nawo ina ya malo okwana nalo. tirigu Izi ndi oyenera kulima zinthu zochepa zabwino, choncho ntchito mbali kwambiri kumpoto kwa dzikoli.