Zojambula za Suzdal - zithunzi, mitengo ndi ndemanga

Suzdal ndi mzinda wakale kwambiri wa ku Russia, womwe umatchulidwa koyamba ndi chaka cha 1024. Pakatikati mwa zaka za zana la 11, idakhala malo ofunika ndi malonda, chifukwa cha malo ake.

Kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ya mzindawo

Panali pakati pa zaka khumi ndi chimodzi kuti msewu wofunika wamalonda unadutsa mumtsinje wa Kamenka, umene mabanki ake anamangidwira. M'masiku akutali a Yuri Dolgorukov, Suzdal anakhala likulu la Grand Duchy wa Rostov-Suzdal. M'madera awa nyumba zomangidwa ndi miyala yoyera kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa Russia zinabadwa - mu 1152 m'mudzi wa Kideksha (nyumba ya Dolgorukov) mpingo wodabwitsa wa Gleb ndi Boris unamangidwa.

Pansi pa Andrei Bogolyubsky (mwana wa Yuri Dolgorukov), Vladimir anakhala likulu, ndipo ulamuliro wodzinso unkatchedwa Vladimiro-Suzdal. Pakatikati mwa zaka za m'ma 1400, udindo wa likulu, koma wa chikhalidwe cha Suzdal-Novgorod, adabwerera kumzinda . Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Mongol-Tatar Suzdal adawonongedwa - adawotchedwa ndikufunkhidwa. Anthu ambiri a mumzindawu ankatengedwa kundende. Komabe, mzindawu unatsitsimutsidwa kachiwiri ndipo pakati pa zaka za zana la 15 unalowa mu ulamuliro wa Moscow. Pa nthawi yomweyi, idakhala chikhalidwe, chitukuko ndi malo opembedza a ku Russia.

Lero ndi malo osungirako masewera oyandikana kwambiri. Mzinda wa Suzdal, womwe umapezeka m'mabwinja oposa 200, umakonda alendo ambirimbiri. Iye ali mbali ya Golden Ring yotchuka kwambiri ya Golden Ring. Miyala yake yoyera ya miyala ili pansi pa chitetezo cha UNESCO.

Suzdal ndi mzinda wa tchuthi

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70 zapitazo, kuyendayenda kwa alendo ku mzindawu kukuwonjezeka. Ndipo izi sizinthu zokhazokha. Pitani ku "ngale ya Russia" oyendera kuchokera kumbali zonse za dziko lapansi. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazo, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa akuluakulu, ogwira ntchito ku museum, amalonda ndi amalonda, Suzdal wakhaladi malo otchulidwa mumzinda. Apa alendo amabwera ku Maslenitsa ndi zikondwerero za Khirisimasi, kupita ku chikondwerero cha ntchito zamakono, chomwe chimachitikira pa Utatu. Alendo apaulendo kuno amakopeka ndi zochitika za Suzdal. Kuyenda kwa maulendo kwa alendo kumapangidwa bwino ndipo kumapereka nthawi yochepa yosonyeza oyendayenda zipilala zambiri.

Mzinda wa Suzdal ndi wapadera. Kuwona malo, chithunzi chomwe chili ndi pafupifupi makalata onse ogulitsa amalonda oyendayenda ndi ochokera kunja, ndi osangalatsa kwambiri. Anthu okhala mumzinda wakale ndi ochereza alendo ndipo nthawi zonse alandire alendo. Iwo amavomerezedwa ndi ku Russia kwenikweni - ndi chakudya, zikondamoyo, otchuka ku dziko lonse Suzdal nkhaka.

Yendayenda kuzungulira Suzdal

Musanayambe kudziwa zolemba zakale, tikukulangizani kuti muyende kuzungulira mzindawo. Izi zidzakuthandizani kumva mzimu weniweni wa mzindawo, kumvetsetsa zomwe Suzdal amapuma. Zojambula, zithunzi zomwe mukuwona m'nkhani yathu, zitsatirani pano pang'onopang'ono, kotero popanda mphunzitsi wotsogolera omwe simungathe kuchita. Kwa magulu oyendera alendo kawirikawiri akatswiri oterewa amakonzedwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la kukhala mumzindawu.

Mapu a Suzdal ali ndi zizindikiro

Bwanji ngati muli ndi chilakolako choyendayenda m'misewu yakale nokha, kuti muone zolemba zakale za kale? Pankhaniyi, pa siteshoni mungagule mapu a mzinda, kumene mungapeze zinthu zonse za Suzdal ndi maadiresi.

Nyumba za amonke

Kudera lamapiri la Suzdal, pamtsinje wa Kamenka, pali nyumba ya amonke ya Pokrovsky. Anamangidwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1400. M'zaka za zana la 16 akazi a mabanja abwino komanso ambuye omwe anatumizidwa pano. Apa iwo ankakhala nthawi yawo, osayenera ndi kuiwalika ndi aliyense, kumbuyo kwa makoma okwera ndi amtunda. Lero ndi nyumba ya amonke ikugwira ntchito. Malo ake, mosakayikira, ndi Intercession Cathedral. Zithunzi zake zazikulu ndizojambula ndi kupukuta.

Nyumba za amwenye za Vasilievsky

Iyo inamangidwa m'zaka za zana la 13 ndipo inali chimbudzi chapamwamba cha mzindawo pamsewu wopita ku Suzdal Kremlin kupita ku Kidekshy. Anthu okhala mumzindawo ku mibadwomibadwo amatsimikizira nthano yakuti nyumbayi inakhazikitsidwa kulemekeza Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko.

Suzdal Kremlin

N'zovuta kulingalira Suzdal popanda nyumbayi. Ngakhale kuti zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamabwinja akale. Kulowa ku gawoli ndi kwaulere, ndipo poyendera malo osungiramo zinthu zakale omwe ali pano, muyenera kulipira 40-50 ruble. Amagwira ntchito tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lachiwiri, kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 18.

Nyumba yosungiramo zojambula zamatabwa

Zochitika za Suzdal ndizoyamba, zipilala za zomangamanga zamatabwa. Pawebusaiti, komwe lero ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, sitinasunge mpaka lero nyumba ya amonke ya Dmitrievsky. Zithunzi zamtengo wapatali za nyumba zamatabwa za m'ma 1800 ndi 1900 kuchokera kumidzi yambiri ya m'dera la Vladimir zinabweretsedwa kuno. Kotero nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi imawonekera panja ndi mipingo ya kuuka kwa akufa ndi kusinthika, nyumba za enieni, nkhokwe, nkhokwe, mipweya. Mtengo wa tikiti wa musemuyi ndi 220 rubles.

Nyumba Zobisika

Mbiri ya mzindawu ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa Metropolitan Hilarion, yemwe adalamulira gulu la mzinda kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Izi zisanachitike, adakhala mchikwani kwa zaka makumi atatu. Iye anali wopembedza kwambiri, mwa njira iliyonse yomwe akanatha kuthandizira osowa ndi anthu osasangalala basi. Wopembedza wina aliyense angamufunse kapena uphungu. Metropolitan Hilarion ankakhala m'nyumba zakale, koma ku Suzdal kawirikawiri ankayendera alendo okwera, omwe analibe malo. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka za zana la 15, pafupi ndi Nazareth Cathedral, ma Bishopu atsopano a Chambers ndi Church Annunciation Refectory ndi Cross Hall anamangidwanso. Nyumba za Kremlin mothandizidwa ndi ma nyumba ambiri komanso ndime zamabuku zogwirizana.

Cholowa Chatsopano cha Hierarchical ndi chachilendo kwambiri mu dongosolo lawo. Mizere yovomerezeka ndi yomveka bwino yokhazikika pamodzi ndi zokongoletsera zokongola ndi zokongoletsera. Zinyumba za nyumba yachifumu ndi zazikulu komanso zowala. Pano, tsatanetsatane uliwonse imatenga malo ake omwe amawasungira okha.

Katolika ya Khirisimasi

Zinthu zonse za Suzdal, zomwe zafika kumzinda kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndi bwino kuyambira ku chikumbumtima ichi. Katolikayo inamangidwa mu 1148.

Panthawi yomwe inadzalakitsidwa ndi Kazan khan (1445) tchalitchicho chinawotcha, mipando yake idagwa. M'chaka cha 1530 Tsar Vasily the Third adalamula kuti awononge mbali ya kumtunda ndi kumanga yatsopano. Mmalo mwa mitu itatu, asanu adayikidwa. Anali mu fomu iyi yomwe tchalitchichi chinapulumuka kufikira nthawi yathu ino.

Tchalitchi cha Assumption

M'zaka za zana la 17, osati pafupi ndi nsanja ya Ilyinskaya, yomwe siinapitirire mpaka lero, kumadzulo kwa Kremlin, Assumption Church inamangidwa. Ikukongoletsedwa ndi nsanja ya mahema ndi tentu ya Nikon ndi Sergius wa Radonezh, mpanda wokongola ndi ndodo.

Mu 1926 mu gawo la nyumba ya ambuye-Mpulumutsi-Evfimievsky anali wandale. Oyang'anira bungwe ili "zokhumba zomangamanga" ankafuna njerwa. Pambuyo pa VI. Romanovsky, mtsogoleri woyamba wa Suzdal Museum of Local Lore, anakumana ndi funso lovuta kwambiri ponena za tchalitchi choti chiwonongeko - Uspenskaya kapena Afanasyevskaya. Romanovsky ankadziŵa kuti kukana kwake kuthandiza ndi kuthetsa "nkhani ya ndale" mosakayikira kumatanthauza kumangidwa. Patapita nthawi yaitali, akusautsa, mpingo wa Afanasyev wosasankhidwa unasankhidwa. Komabe, nthawi yocheperako yadutsa, ndipo Tchalitchi cha Dormition chopulumutsidwa ndi iye chinavutika ndi tsoka lopweteka. Pomwe "zosowa za zomanga" zinawonongedwa ndi belu nsanja ndi chapulo, zomwe sizinabwezeretsedwe.

Nyumbayi imasokonezedwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha Suzdal m'makono. M'malo mwake, zimapangidwa ndi Naryshkinsky kapena Moscow Baroque. Chokongoletsera chake chokongola ndi chokongoletsera, ngodya yayikulu yamtundu wawiri ndi tinthu tating'ono ting'ono kwambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri kalembedwe kameneka. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti sanakhazikitse mizu m'dziko la Suzdal.

Malo osungiramo malo a Spaso-Evfimiev

Ndi kumpoto kwa Suzdal, ku banki ya Kamenka. Kumangidwa mu 1352 ndi Prince of Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod Boris Konstantinovich. Mpanda wodalirika wamakoma 1160 m'litali unamangidwa mu 1660. Anapatsidwa udindo wolimba, wokonzedwa kuti ateteze mzinda kwa adani. M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo, makoma atsopano ankhondo anawoneka ku nyumba ya amonke, kumene nsanja zodzitetezera zinkaonekera. Maselo a Spaso-Evfimiev akuphatikizidwa mu mndandandanda wa za UNESCO.

Lero pali nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale yomwe ilipo maofesi ndi maulendo othandizira. Kawirikawiri alendo pa nyumba ya amonke amakhala ndi mwayi womva bell chime. Kulowera kwa nyumba ya amonke kumaperekedwa. Kuti muyese gawolo, muyenera kugula tikiti yoyenera yofunika makumi asanu ndi awiri. Ulendowu ungakhale tsiku, kupatulapo Lolemba, kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 18. Pano pali Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.

Ulendo wopita ku Suzdal. Kuwona malo, ndemanga za alendo

Tikhoza kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti palibe munthu wotere Padziko Lapansi yemwe, kamodzi mumzinda uno, akanadandaula za nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ndalamazo. Ndemanga za alendo oyendayenda omwe anadutsa pamtunda wakale, adakondwera. Zojambula kuchokera kuwona malo kwa nthawi yaitali zimakhala zikukumbutsidwa.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti alendo onse a Suzdal amakondwerera osati nyumba yokhayo yosungiramo nyumba, komanso kuchereza alendo, kutentha ndi kukhudzidwa kwa nzika. Pachifukwa ichi, omwe amamenyedwa kwambiri ndi alendo ochokera kunja, omwe sakudziwa momwe anthu osadziwika amatha kuwamana mosangalala kwambiri, amasonyeza modzidzimutsa mzinda wawo wapadera. Mwinamwake, ambiri mwa iwo nthawi ino amaganizira za chinsinsi cha moyo wa Russian.

Masomphenya a Suzdal ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali osati cha Russia yekha, koma cha anthu onse. Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muwasunge mibadwo yotsatira.