Achikulire - osati monga msinkhu. Ponena za ofotokozera dictionary

M'malingaliro a ambiri mawu "lakale" amagwirizana ndi ukalamba. Choncho tikuwuza anthu amene zapita msinkhu winawake mzere. Komabe, lingaliro ili ndi okulira kwambiri kuposa momwe ife tikuganizira. Pali mfundo zosangalatsa za mbiri yakale kuti owerenga sadzatha kukuza M'maso ndi kumulola iye kuti muyende mu matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a mawu. Kodi pang'ono tikudziwa za etymology mawu, matanthauzo ake ndi njira. Munthu ophunzira ayenera kukhala pa mfundo kutalika.

Ponena za magwero a mbiri

Okalamba - amalipiritsa mapulani amene ankachita mu boma Russian kumapeto kwa XV - chiyambi cha m'ma XVII. Iwo unkayenera kupereka aliyense mlimi amene akufuna kusiya mbuye wake kumasuka. Panali ena timeframe wa kupereka, chimodzimodzi chidwi: sabata pamaso m'dzinja tchuthi Tsiku St. George (pa November, kalendala yachikale, 9 December 2 watsopano) ndipo patangotha mlungu umodzi.

Tsopano, ngati inu kudzifunsa kuti; "Anthu okalamba - izo" - simungathe kumupatsa chitsanzo cha msinkhu wa munthu, ndi kukumbukira mbiri ya Russia kwambiri ndi molondola anayankha. Lingaliro la okalamba (ichi ndi ndalama) tanenera mu chikalata boma lomwe lili dzina "Code Chilamulo", zolemba kuti kuyamba ndi 1497. Panali ngakhale nambala nkhani inayake - 57. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti amalipiritsa anayenera analipira chipembedzo, popanda kutsutsana ndi zonena. Kukanidwa kulipira ndalama anakumana, umene panthawi imeneyo kwambiri kumenya mthumba wa munthu wamba osauka.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito

Kukula pafupifupi anthu okalamba (malingana ndi digiri ya kuchotsa m'deralo nkhalango) anali ruble, ngati munthu wina ankakhala mu malo amenewa, - theka ruble. Anasintha "Code Chilamulo" kuyambira 1550 (kusinthidwa ndi pepala - anali pa nambala 88) mwasintha kukula kwa okalamba. Pa nthawi imeneyo zinali awiri anagunda jackpot. Wabisa kunena kuti okalamba - ndi osatekeseka exaction, amene anali alipo osati mlimi aliyense. Iye sakanakhoza kupanga mwini ndalama. Pali njira imodzi yokha kuchokera - osati kusiya, kupitiriza ntchito molimbika, ndipo musati ndimalota posachedwapa pa ufulu yaitali.

Pamene mu zaka XVI-XVII. chinathetsedwa pa mlingo malamulo, ufulu wa chisamaliro wamba kuchokera kwa mwiniwake, mawu akuti "okalamba 'wasoŵa wotero. Pambuyo pafupifupi zaka zinthu zasintha pang'ono ndi okalamba - kale chilango kulandira ndi wobisa pa gawo amathawathawa ake wamba. Chifukwa chakuti amalipiritsa anali chifundo m'malo chachikulu, wokonzeka pogona ngozi anali ochepa.

Tiyeni tibwerere ku m'badwo munthu

Wina mawu, zomwe tikambirana - anthu okalamba. gulu la anthu, ankakhala nambala inayake ya zaka. Iwo, monga ulamuliro, pang'onopang'ono kusunthira kutali nawo mwakhama ntchito ndi ntchito chikhalidwe. Izi ndi mfundo zofanana pantchito. Bwino kudziwa pamene munthu kufika potithandiza, tiyenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri. Kiyi pakati pawo - ndi zachuma, umoyo ndi chikhalidwe. Tiyeni chitsanzo konkire: ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi sanabadwe anafika zaka zopuma pantchito, koma simungathe nawo msika ntchito pa mawu poyamba aja, iwo ankaona okalamba. Ndipo ena, ndipo patapita zaka 60 amakhalabe yogwira kwambiri ndi mosavuta "kupereka osemphana" wamng'ono. Choncho, zinthu zachipatala ndi chikhalidwe musati kumatsutsana nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina akutsutsana.

Koma ambiri, anthu okalamba - ali, malingana ndi WHO gulu, amene anatembenuka 60, koma si 74 (akutsatiridwa ndi ukalamba).

Ukalamba kapena chochitika

Kwa munthu yemwe salinso wamng'ono, nthawizina kuchuluka zofuna kwa anthu. Nthawi zina zimenezi poyera osasamalidwa. Okalamba munthu - ali, monga ena, kale ntchito chuma, ziribe kanthu momwe chisoni zikumveka. Koma izi njira - njira komwe. Tisaiwale kuti masiku ano anthu achikulire anatipatsa ndi zina muyezo wa moyo, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina, monga tikufuna. Old kapena munthu wamkulu - ndi mbali yofunika ya moyo, ndipo amayenera ulemu. Musaiwale za izo. Wosalemekeza ndi ukalamba, sayamikira chinamuchitikira, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti kwambiri madalitso m'tsogolo. Komanso, zaka zimauluka kwake ndi udindo wa okalamba lililonse. Zingati tilinazo, kukoma mtima ndi chifundo padera mu mwana aliyense kapena wachinyamata, zimadalira zinthu zambiri - izo tsogolo lathu ndi zinthu amoyo.