Alexy, kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia: yonena za moyo wake, zithunzi

Kholo lakale Alexy II, amene mbiri ndi nkhani imeneyi, wakhala wautali ndi, ine ndikuganiza, ndi moyo wosangalala. ntchito kumanzere kwake chilemba mwakuya osati zochitika za Russian Orthodox komanso mitima ya anthu ambiri. Mwina n'chifukwa chake, pambuyo pa imfa ya wansembe anthu sanakhulupirire, ndi kuti mulimbane ndi m'kupita wake, ndipo akadali kufalitsidwa mu Baibulo am'deramo za mabishopu, Alexy II anaphedwa. Mwamuna ameneyu anali kwambiri kuchita mu moyo wake ndi ntchito zabwino, kuti mtengo wa munthu pa zaka sichinachepe.

magwero

Kholo lakale Alexy II, amene yonena mu mibadwo ingapo chikugwirizana ndi Orthodox Russian anabadwa pa February 23, 1929 mu banja zachilendo kwambiri mu mzinda wa Tallinn. The kholo la wansembe tsogolo m'masiku a ulamuliro wa Catherine II anatengera Orthodoxy dzina lake Fedor. Iye anali ambiri, wotchuka anthu chithunzi ndi wolamulira. Kuchokera pamenepa, ngwazi nkhondo 1812 ndipo anapita ku Russian anabadwa Riediger.

Agogo za kholo tsogolo anatha kutenga banja lake nthawi yotentha wa kuukira boma ku St. Petersburg ku Estonia. bambo Alexia anaphunzira pa yapamwamba Imperial College of Law, koma kale anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Estonia. Iye ndiye ntchito monga woweruza milandu ku Tallinn, anakwatira mwana wa msilikali wa gulu lankhondo tsarist. Mu chikhalidwe banja analamulira makolo Orthodox Alexia anali mamembala a gulu kusintha kwa zinthu RSCM (Russian Student Christian Movement). Iwo nawo makani achipembedzo, anapita kunyumba ya amonke anapita ku utumiki m'kachisi. Pamene Alex anali wamng'ono kwambiri, atate wake anayamba kuphunzira kuchokera kutsatirana ubusa, kumene anakumana ndi John atate wake, amene anadzakhala bambo wauzimu wa mwanayo.

Banja anali mwambo chowonjezera yotentha tchuthi ku maulendo kuti mchitidwe umenewu zosiyanasiyana. Zinali ndiye kuti Alexis moyo wonse Pühtitsa anakonda komweko. Mu 1940, bambo Alexis a ndinadzozedwa dikoni. Popeza 1942, anatumikira mu mpingo Kazan ku Tallinn ndi zaka 20 kuthandiza anthu kupeza Mulungu.

ubwana

Kuyambira ndili mwana oyambirira, mabishopu, tsogolo la Moskovskiy Aleksy anamizidwa mu mlengalenga yachipembedzo, umene unali mfundo yaikulu wauzimu mu mapangidwe kwa iye. Kuyambira zaka 6 anayamba kuthandiza utumiki wa kachisi. Makolo ndi bambo wauzimu anabweretsa mwana wake wamwamunayo mu mzimu wa makhalidwe achikhristu, iye anakulira wabwino, womvera mwana. Times zinali zovuta, banja pa chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anaopseza kupita ku Siberia chiyambi German. Riediger anali kubisala. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, bambo anga anatenga Alyosha akapita ku misasa akaidi anasamukira anthu Germany.

akuitanira

M'mlengalenga lonse Riediger banja ankalambira chipembedzo, mwana kumwa iwo kuyambira ali mwana. Iye ankakonda ndipo anadziwa misonkhano ya mpingo, ngakhale ankaimba nawo masewera awo. confessor wake anathandiza mwachangu kukopeka ndi mnyamata Chikhulupiriro Orthodox. Mu 1941, tsogolo mabishopu, Alexy 2 amakhala guwa mnyamata, kuthandiza dikoni - bambo ake. Kenako zaka zambiri kutumikira mu mipingo yosiyanasiyana ya Tallinn. Tsoka la Alexis zoona, wakhala anakonzeratu chibadwire, iye anali zaka 5 analipo yekha wakukhala pachifuwa cha mpingo.

Mu 1947, tsogolo Holiness Wake 2 akulowa Leningrad seminare, amatengedwa mwachindunji mu kalasi lachitatu chifukwa maphunziro apamwamba ndi maphunziro. Mu 1949 analowa Leningrad Theological Academy. Nthawi imeneyi, nakhalanso mabungwe achipembedzo maphunziro momwemo pa likutukuka, limatipatsa mkulu maphunziro khalidwe Alex. Iye anali wophunzira wabwino kwambiri, aphunzitsi onse taonera oganiza wake ndi oganiza bwino. Iye analibe chisokonezo maganizo ndi kufufuza, iye anali wotsimikiza mwamtheradi cha chikhulupiriro chake ndi ntchito yake.

moyo wansembe

Koma ambiri a maphunziro pa Academy A. Riediger angopita kunja. Leningrad Gregory Metropolitan anapempha mnyamatayo kuti adzozedwe patsogolo maphunziro. Anaitanidwa kuti mungachite utumiki zingapo, iye anasankha malo a rector a Epiphany Church m'tauni ya Jõhvi. Kuchokera kumeneko, iye akhoza kukaona zambiri makolo ndi kupita ku sukulu ya. Mu 1953 anamaliza sukulu ndipo anakhala phungu wa zamulungu. Mu 1957 iye anasamutsidwa ku parishi zovuta Jõhvi pa University of Tartu. Choncho mabishopu, tsogolo Alexy II zaka za moyo umene kugwirizana ndi utumiki wa chipembedzo, anayamba njira ya wansembe.

cholowa anagwa nthawi kachiwiri zovuta. Cathedral wa Akukwera, amene anaikidwa Alexis, anali osasamalika, akuluakulu silinachirikize anachita chipembedzo, ife kuchita khama kwambiri, kulankhula kwa anthu, kuima utumiki, kupita ku misonkhano. Novice wansembe anaganiza afunefune thandizo la mabishopu, Alexis, amene anathandiza mu kukonza nadalitsa Dzina. Mu 1958, Alexis wobwezera archpriest, ndi mkulu wa Tartu-Viljandi County. Mu 1959, wansembe anamwalira mayi anga, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti iye kukhazikitsidwa kwa monasticism. Choyamba kuganizira za kuchita zimenezo, ndipo tsopano potsiriza anatsimikizira mu cholinga chake.

bishopu Way

Mu 1961, tsogolo mabishopu, Alexy II (chithunzi cha iye nthawi zambiri ankapezeka maulendo a review a nthumwi yachilendo ya Russia) amalandira udindo watsopano. Iye akukhala Bishop wa Tallinn ndi Estonia, komanso mongoyembekezera anam'patsa kusamalira m'dera Riga. Russian Orthodox pachimake kuchepa kwa anthu ogwira wamng'ono wophunzira, makamaka chifukwa choti relives kuzungulira chizunzo chatsopano mu Russia. Kuikidwa, anapempha Alexis, unachitikira Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral Tallinn. Pomwepo bishopu achinyamata amalandira kuyitana kuchokera kwa akuluakulu. parishi wake inyamuka kuti matchalitchi angapo chifukwa cha "wopanda pake" ndipo ankakonda Pyuhittsky ansembe yotchedwa kupereka tchuthi kunyumba ya Anthuwa ndi. Pakufunika msanga komanso amphamvu miyeso.

Alexis bungwe maulendo angapo kuti nthumwi yaikulu zakunja parishi ake ndi obisika, chifukwa cha atolankhani Western kuoneka mabuku za iye, kwa chaka kuno panafika nthumwi pafupifupi onse mabungwe azipembedzo m'dzikoli, akuluakulu a boma anali kuti adzipereke, ndi kutsekedwa kwa obisika yaitali anamuukitsa. Pyuhittsky obisika chifukwa cha khama la Alexis anakhala malo maulendo ndi mgwirizano pakati pa nthumwi za mipingo yonse ku Ulaya.

Alexis anatumikira ku Tallinn kudawerengedwa kwa zaka kotala. Nthawi imeneyi, kwambiri analimbitsa pano Orthodox anapereka wambirimbiri mabuku, kuphatikizapo chinenero Estonia. khama lake wasunga ambiri a akachisi m'derali, kuphatikizapo Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, chimene yaitali akhala bambo Alex, amene anamwalira mu 1962, Kazan Church ku Tallinn. Koma mabodza ndi khama la akuluakulu achita ntchito zawo: chiwerengero cha okhulupirira chakhala anakana midzi anakhalabe mipingo yogwira, Archimandrite analipira zili ndalama mpingo.

Mu 1969, Alex anaika kutumikira zina monga Metropolitan wa Leningrad ndi Novgorod.

Mpingo ndi moyo pagulu

Alexis nthawi anayenda kwambiri m'matchalitchi awo ndi mautumiki Mulungu ndi cholinga kuchita kucheza ndi okhulupirira, kulimbitsa mtima wawo. Mu nkhani iyi, mabishopu, m'tsogolo kwambiri nthawi anapereka ntchito pagulu. Popeza penipeni, utumiki diocesan, iye sanakhale kucheza ndi moyo wa Mpingo wonse Orthodox. Mu 1961, mabishopu, tsogolo Alexy II, chithunzi chimene inu mukhoza kuwona m'nkhani membala wa gululo wa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox mu Bungwe la Mipingo Assembly World. Iye nawo ntchito mabungwe amenewa yapamwamba ngati Conference of Churches European, komwe anakagwira ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 25, kenako kukhala wapampando wa Presidium, Rhodes Pan-Orthodox Conference, mabungwe mtendere, makamaka Soviet Mtendere Fund, Fund mabuku Asilavo komanso zikhalidwe Asilavo. Popeza 1961, iye anali kazembe wapampando wa Dipatimenti kwa Zowonekera kunja Mpingo Relations wa Moscow Orthodox. Mu 1964 anakhala Chancellor wa Moscow Orthodox ndi kukachita ntchito kwa zaka 22.

Mu 1989, Alexis anasankhidwa kazembe USSR ndi kuteteza mfundo dziko chikhalidwe, chinenero, chitetezo ya cholowa mbiri.

usanakhalepo wachifumu

Mu 1990, Pimen anamwalira, ndipo Council Local anakumana kuti asankhe mutu watsopano wa mpingo Russian, ndipo panalibe wakonzekera bwino kuposa Alexis. Russian mabishopu, anaikidwa 10 June 1990 pa Epiphany Cathedral mu Moscow. Mu adiresi yake kwa mpingo, iye ananena kuti akuona kuti cholinga chake chachikulu kulimbitsa mbali ya mzimu womunyamulira wa Mpingo. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti kufunika kuonjezera chiwerengero cha akachisi, kuphatikizapo kufunika ntchito mu malo m'ndende, choti anthu amatilimbikitsa m'njira ya kukonzedwa. Patsogolo zisinthe anthu, mpingo unkayenera ntchito polimbikitsa ililipo, ndipo Alex ankadziwa izo.

Kwa kanthawi mbadwa anapitiriza kutumikira bishopu wa Leningrad ndi Tallinn chigawocho. Mu 1999, iye anatenga ulamuliro pa kayendetsedwe ka mpingo Japanese Orthodox. Pa utumiki wake, mabishopu, ankayendera maparishi, utumiki wodzipereka, anathandizira yomanga aang'ono. Mu zaka zonse anapita 88 dioceses, 168 wodzipereka akachisi, anatenga zikwi za kuvomereza.

malo onse

Alexy, kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia, kuyambira ali ankasiyana malo olimba chikhalidwe. Iye anawona ntchito yake osati kutumikira Mulungu, koma Kukwezeleza Orthodoxy. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti Akhristu onse ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ntchito yophunzitsa. Alex ankakhulupirira kuti mpingo ayenera kumvera akuluakulu, ngakhale iye wakhala kwambiri chizunzo ndi maulamuliro Soviet, koma pambuyo perestroika anafuna kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino ndi utsogoleri wa dziko kugwirira ntchito limodzi pofuna kuthetsa mavuto ambiri a boma.

Inde, mabishopu, nthawi zonse ankalimbikitsa underdog, iye ankachita nawo kwambiri ntchito zachifundo ndipo anathandizapo chakuti mpingo wake komanso ankathandiza osowa. Pankhaniyi, Alexis walankhula mobwerezabwereza kunja ndi anthu ziphunzitso zosiyana kugonana ndi mwansangala anathokoza meya Moscow kuti liletse perete gay anaitana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi wachiwiri wowononga malamulo miyambo ya anthu.

Mpingo ndi kusintha chikhalidwe pansi mabishopu,

Alexy, kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia, anayamba ntchito yake monga mfundo imene amadziwa mwakayakaya wa mpingo boma atsopano a dziko. Iye wachita kwambiri kuonjezera udindo wa mpingo ndale za dziko, ndi pa ndime ndi anthu oyamba a boma ndi kuyendera achikumbutso ndi zochitika mwambo. Alex anayesetsa kuchita ulamuliro mpingo anaikira mu manja a Bungwe la Aepiskopi, kuchepetsa democratization mu dongosolo la mpingo. Pa nthawi yomweyo wachita kuti adakula kudziyimira pawokha m'madera payekha la Russia.

kholo lakale Inagwira

Alexy, kholo la onse Russia, kwa Mpingo Orthodox Russian anapanga zambiri mu zikomo malo oyamba kuti mpingo kubwerera ku msonkhano lonse pagulu. Zinali iye amene anathandiza chakuti lero mpingo Russian zonse za atsogoleri a chipembedzowo, kuti chipembedzo ayambanso gawo bwino za moyo wa Russia. Komanso, iye ankatha kugwira mu ulamuliro wa Russian limati Church kuti linalandira ufulu chifukwa cha kugwa kwa USSR. ntchito yake monga kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia yathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha Orthodox, kuwonjezera kufunika kwake mu dziko. Alexis anali wapampando wa komiti mekonfessionalnogo "Iisus Hristos dzulo, lero, ndi kwanthawizonse." Mu 2007, chifukwa cha khama lake anasaina "Act pa Kusiyana Mgonero", amene ankatanthauza reunification wa Mpingo Russian Orthodox ndi Russian Church Lina. Alex anali wokhoza kubwerera mchitidwe waukulu akuguba achipembedzo, izo kumathandiza kupeza zotsalira za oyera mtima ambiri, monga Serafima Sarovskogo, Maksima Greka, Aleksandra Svirskogo. Iye kawiri chiwerengero cha dioceses mu Russia, chiwerengero cha maparishi chakwera kuwirikiza katatu chiwerengero cha mipingo mu Moscow chawonjezeka nthawi zoposa 40, ngati isanafike kukonzanso kwa dziko chinali 22 agulupa yekha, ndi 2008 kunali kale 804 kwambiri mtengo kholo anapereka maphunziro mpingo, izo kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha sukulu paliponse mu dziko, komanso kunathandiza zabwino mapulogalamu kuphunzira, omwe akhala pafupifupi msinkhu dziko.

maulemu

Alexy, kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia, mautumiki ake anali kupereka kangapo akuluakulu kusukulu ndiponso zampingo. Iye anali pa 40 malamulo ndi mendulo ya Orthodox Russian, kuphatikizapo ulemu, monga Order wa St. Andrew ndi diamondi nyenyezi, dongosolo la Grand Duke Vladimir, dongosolo la St. Alexis, Dmitriya Solunskogo Mendulo, dongosolo la Grigoriya Pobedonostsa la Chijojiya Orthodox.

Boma la Russia nayenso mobwerezabwereza taonera nyota mkulu wa mphoto kholo lakale, kuphatikizapo Order yoyamikira kwa Lathu, dongosolo la Ubwenzi wa Peoples, Order ya Red mbendera ya Labor. Kawiri Alexy anali kupereka State Prize chifukwa zinthu zazikulu m'munda wa ntchito anthu, anali ulemu ndi kuthokoza kwa mutsogoleli wa boma latsopano la Russia.

Alexis analinso kwambiri za mphoto ya m'mayiko ena, mabonasi, baji Ulemu ndi mendulo ku mabungwe onse.

Komanso, iye ndi nzika aulemu a mizinda zoposa 10 ndipo anali dokotala aulemu 4 mayunivesite mu dziko.

Care ndi kusunga

December 5, 2008 kufala padziko lonse uthenga wachisoni: mabishopu, Alexy anafa 2. Chifukwa cha imfa - kulephera mtima. Kholo lakale zaka zingapo pakhala mavuto aakulu ndi mtima, iye ngakhale m'nyumba ya inamangidwa pamalo kukweza kwa yosanja kumuthandiza kupewa maganizo zosafunika. Komabe, pa TV pafupifupi pomwepo Mabaibulo za kupha Sitefano khololo.

Koma umboni wa kukaikira awa sanali Choncho, anakhalabe pa mlingo wa mbiri. Anthu sanakhulupirire kuti panali anthu amenewa, ndipo Chotero, anayesa kupeza zikuoneka mu vuto lake. maliro khololo mu Cathedral Moscow Khristu Mpulumutsi, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu Mpingo wa Epiphany.

Anthu pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anayamba kudabwa: mabishopu, Alexy II canonized ngati adawerengedwa? Bola sayankha, kuyambira canonization - izo ndi zovuta ndi yaitali ndondomeko.

kukumbukira kholo lakale anali moyo imeneyi mayina a malaibulale, mabwalo, mu mawonekedwe a zipilala, mipukutuyi, zipilala angapo.

zachinsinsi

Mabishopu Alexy 2, chifukwa cha imfa imene sanali kokha nthawi kukambirana zambiri umunthu, moyo, ntchito, chidwi. mphekesera ambiri akufalitsa za unansi wake ndi KGB, Alexia unatchedwanso wokondedwa a misonkhano yapadera. Ngakhale panalibe umboni okayikira amenewa.

Wina nkhani imeneyi ndi yofunika kwa anthu wamba: ngati wansembe anakwatiwa. Amadziwika kuti mabishopu simungathe ndi akazi, ngati iwo imvera kusakwatira. Koma pamaso ansembe, ansembe ambiri anali banja, ndipo sikunali chopinga kuti ntchito yawo zampingo. Kholo lakale Alexy II, mkazi amene anali ndi zaka wophunzira, sanatchulepo wake zinachitikira banja. Ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti ukwati ndi Vera Alexeeva anali ofunda mwamtheradi. Iye ankafunika okha kuteteza akuluakulu anapempha A. Ridiger usilikali.

Za moyo wapadera wa mabishopu, ndi pang'ono kudziwika. Iye ankakonda kuwerenga, nthawi zonse ankagwira ntchito mwakhama. Alexis walemba oposa 200 mabuku zamulungu. Iye ali bwino Estonia, German, ndipo anayankhula pang'ono mu Chingerezi. Iye anakhalamo ndi kufa mu nyumba yake akukondedwa Peredelkino, kumene womasuka ndi omasuka.