Aluminiyamu

Zotayidwa okusayidi amapezeka mu chilengedwe , mu mawonekedwe a aluminiyamu ochiritsira, mankhwala chilinganizo ake - AL2O3. Mu mtundu uwu ndi timibulu sanali ndi mitundu imene ili pa kutentha 2044 ° C ayamba kusungunuka, ndipo pamene mlingo wa 3530 ° C chithupsa.

Pamalo m'pomveka khola kusinthidwa mankhwala ndi zotayidwa okusayidi ndi osalimba wa 3,99 g / cm3. Ichi ndi chitsanzo olimba kwambiri a msinkhu chinayi wa Mohs tebulo. Mtengo wa index refractive ili: pakuti ray wamba - 1.765 ndi 1.759 kwa zapadera. Pamalo zachilengedwe aluminiyamu Nthawi zambiri oxides zosiyanasiyana zitsulo Komabe, corundum mchere angathe kukhala mumthunzi osiyana a mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, anthu miyala ya safiro, zamtengo wapatali ndi zina miyala yamtengo wapatali. Mwaichi, aluminiyamu akhoza anakonza njira zasayansi-mankhwala. Chifukwa chaichi, A12O3 metastable mawonekedwe ndi linakwiriridwa awo thermally. Komanso, monga gwero la njira zasayansi ntchito okusayidi zotayidwa , zitsulo zotayidwa hydroxide.

Standard kusinthidwa pawiri ndi tetragonicheskuyu latisi munali mu kapangidwe kake za 1-2% madzi. Kodi itengedwe amorphous mu dongosolo aluminiyamu - aluminiyamu gel osakaniza, amene gelevidny njira ya AL (o) 3 dewatered kupeza chuma porous mandala misa.

Zotayidwa okusayidi ndi insoluble kwathunthu mu madzi koma akhoza bwino kusungunuka cryolite, mkangano ndi kutentha. Amphoteric mankhwala. Characteristically chuma zoterozo za aluminiyamu apanga ngati kudalira osiyanitsidwa mapangidwe kutentha kwake ndi ntchito mankhwala. Monga yokumba (i.e., analandira pa kutentha pa 1200 ° C) ndi corundum chibadwidwe wamba chilengedwe chionetsero pafupifupi munthu kwathunthu wathunthu mankhwala inertness komanso kusowa hygroscopicity.

Okusayidi zotayidwa mankhwala katundu akuyamba mwakhama kusonyeza pa kutentha padziko 1000 ° C, pamene iyo iyamba mofulumira kucheza ndi zinthu monga carbonates zosiyanasiyana soda zitsulo soda. Pamene zimachitika izi aluminates anapanga. Pawiri pang'onopang'ono amachitira ndi SiO2, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana slags acidic. Chifukwa cha ankachita izi analandira aluminosilicates.

Aluminiyamu gel osakaniza ndi aluminiyamu amene anawakonzera calcination wa hydroxides zotayidwa alionse osachepera 550 ° C, ndi lalitali kwambiri hygroscopicity, chabwino kulowa zosiyanasiyana mankhwala ndi mwachangu kucheza ndi njira acidic ndi zamchere.

Childs, monga zopangira yopangira okusayidi zotayidwa ntchito bauxite, alunite ndi nepheline. Pamene zili thunthu mu funso mwa iwo kuposa 6-7% kupanga ndi njira yaikulu - by Bayer, ndi pa zili m'munsi mwa ntchito mankhwala miyala sintering njira ndi laimu kapena koloko. Bayer ndondomeko ndi processing wosweka thanthwe mphero mpira, namtsata bauxite mankhwala ndi njira zamchere pa kutentha 225-250 ° C. The zikuchokera Choncho analandira anali kuchepetsedwa ndi amadzimadzi ndi sodium aluminate njira ndi osasankhidwa. Mu ndondomeko ya imathandiza slurry munali aluminiyamu, amene katundu zizigwirizana muyezo, ndi linakwiriridwa mu centrifuges. luso amenewa amalola kupeza 50% zokolola za thunthu. Komanso, ntchito njira limachititsa kusunga mayi mowa ntchito mu ntchito wotsatira ndi leaching wa bauxite.

Zambiri, chifukwa kupanga njira zotayidwa okusayidi ntchito monga chuma wapakatikati ntchito yokonza zotayidwa koyera. Makampani, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi yopangira zipangizo refractory, ceramic abrasive ndi kudula zipangizo. zamakono mwakhama ntchito timibulu umodzi wa okusayidi zotayidwa mu maola kupanga PCB, zodzikongoletsera.