Dipatimenti kufalitsa Moss: mbali ya kapangidwe ndi chamoyo, zizindikiro, zakudya, kubereka, makhalidwe onse ndi kufunika. Oyimira a Dipatimenti ya kufala Moss

Dipatimenti kufalitsa Moss amatchedwanso ndere woona ndi bryophytes. Mitundu yonse ya ophatikizana 700 genera, zigawo, nayenso 120 mabanja.

Dipatimenti kufala Moss banja: makhalidwe ambiri

Oimira dipatimenti - zatheka makamaka zomera zazing'ono osapitirira 50 mm m'litali. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi madzi ndere, umene angafikire kutalika masentimita 50 ndipo epiphytes, amene kuposerapo.

Dipatimenti amatanthauza taxon zomera apamwamba. Moss banja kuli mitundu pafupifupi 25 chikwi.

Kale dipatimenti izi kupatula ndere, absented komanso marchantiophyta antotserotovye ndi ndere. Komabe, pa nthawiyo, taxa izi osiyana m'madipatimenti. Nthawi zambiri, kulankhula za mndandanda wa zotsatira za m'madipatimenti awa atatu, ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mwamwayi bryophytes gulu akuti (Bryophytes).

Zomera Dipatimenti komanso nthumwi zina bryophytes, kodi ndi makhalidwe ena amagwirizana ndi kayendedwe ka moyo; predominance wa gametophyte haploid wa sporophyte diploid.

nkhani

Makhalidwe dipatimenti kufala Moss zikutsimikizira kuti ndere, komanso spore zina, mawu zamoyo zinachita anachokera psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), kumene kuli wakale zinatha lapadziko zomera. Sporophyte wa ndere imatengedwa zotsatira za mchitidwe wa kuchepetsa sporophytes makolo nthambi.

Koma pali kungoganizira wina amene akusonyeza kuti ndere ndi lycopsids ndi Rhyniophyta kusanduka kuchokera ku gulu kwambiri wakale wa zomera. Oyambirira amapeza paleontological chibwenzi kuchokera Devonian mochedwa - oyambirira Carboniferous.

mafotokozedwe kwachilengedwenso

Moss banja amakhala ndi chakuti nthumwi zake mulibe maluwa, mizu, mtima dongosolo. Iwo yodziwika ndi spores kubereka, kucha sporangia sporophyte.

Osakhala mu haploid mkombero gametophyte moyo ndi osatha wobiriwira zomera, nthawi zambiri ndi protuberances tsamba mbali, ndi protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Poyerekeza ndi magulu ena a zomera apamwamba, akuluakulu a banja Moss ndi dongosolo losavuta. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri kuti ndi tsinde ndi masamba, pali ochepa amene ali masamba ndi Thallus.

Koma masamba ndi zimayambira wa ndere si yeniyeni, pa chinenero otchedwa awo kaulidii sayansi ndi Phyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, yomwe ili pa tsinde mu mwauzimu ndi. Iwo mbale lonse. M'mitsempha si milandu onse

Sporophyte zilibe mphamvu mizu, ndipo ali pa gametophyte lapansi. Sporophyte ukufanizidwa ndi zigawo zitatu: kapisozi (sporangium), ndi osauka spores mu izo; mwendo (sporophores) omwe bokosi; kusiya kupereka mogwirizana thupi ndi gametophyte.

Mu ndere pali makhalidwe amene kusiyanitsa iwo zomera onse apamwamba. Kusowa mizu, amene kulipidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa ambiri rhizoids. Ndi thandizo lawo, mbewu ndipo zaikidwa gawo lapansi komanso amapereka tsankho mayamwidwe chinyezi. Kwenikweni, ndondomeko madzi mayamwidwe ikuchitika mmunsi mwa mbewu.

Pali kuloŵerera, conductive, sitolo ndi nsalu chophimba. Koma mossy palibe mtima weniweni ndi zimakhala makina, pamene zomera onse apamwamba kumeneko.

M'dera la yogawa

Chifukwa cha unpretentiousness ndere ake kufalitsa m'maiko monse, ngakhale Antarctica, ndipo nthawi zambiri kukula mu kwambiri zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kawirikawiri, ndere kukula clumps wandiweyani. Shaded malo, nthawi zambiri umakhala pafupi posungira, ndi malo abwino Moss. Koma akhoza kukula mu malo poyera ndi youma.

Moss banja zikuphatikizapo mitundu amenewa omwe amakhala amatunga madzi oyera. Koma moyo m'madzi si mwa iwo, ngakhale kuti pali mitundu ingapo nagona pa miyala mu mzere m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Dipatimenti kufala Moss: phindu

Kuthengo:

• ndi maphwando kulenga biocenosis wapadera, makamaka pamene nthaka aphimbidwa pafupifupi kwathunthu (Titafika pamalo);
• Moss chivundikiro amasonkhana ndi wonyamula zinthu nyukiliya;
• sachedwa kutengera ndi kusunga ndalama zambiri zimayambitsa chinyezi nawo lamulo bwino madzi a mitunda.

Zocitika za anthu:

• zimathandiza kuti eutrophication nthaka, kotero m'munsi dzuwa la nthaka ya zaulimi;
• kumasulira ndondomeko imagwiridwa yunifolomu runoff madzi mu mobisa, amene amateteza nthaka ndi dzimbiri;
• mitundu ina ya sphagnum Moss ntchito mankhwala monga Mavalidwe;
• Sphagnum ndere ndi gwero la peat mapangidwe.

Gawo

Zizindikiro za dipatimenti kufalitsa Moss, ngakhale generality ake, koma kulola ife kuti m'kagulu oimira dipatimenti kwa magulu ochepa chabe.

Gulu lalikulu kwambiri zomera za thupi dipatimenti - kalasi kwenikweni (leafy ndere). Mbaliyi subclasses wobiriwira sphagnum Moss ndi Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Zimapezekanso pa ndere ndi nthaka, makungwa a mitengo, miyala ndi madenga, koma kukula bwino mu nkhalango lonyowa, limene lili pamphasa mosalekeza.

Izi zomera m'gulu la banja Moss, ndi mwachilungamo ambiri. Nthumwi kwambiri mmene ukhoza kuitana Kukushkin fulakesi. Zimayambira ali chilili si nthambi, kuli yokutidwa ndi yopapatiza masamba liniya-lanceolate. Mapangidwe ndi archegonium antheridium anapanga nsonga za zimayambira anthu zambiri kukula pafupi. Mu antheridia aumbike dvuhzhgutikovyh spermatozoa mu archegonia - wina atathana dzira.

Mu nkhani ya ndalama madzi (mvula kapena mame lolemera) akuyamba umuna. Madzi pamafunika umuna kuti kusambira mu izo archegonium. Pamene zygote ndi wapanga, kuyambira pachiyambi ake kukhala sporophyte. Iwo pakokha yotheka, komanso zomera zonse a m'banja Moss. Mphamvu sporophyte pa ndalama za gametophyte wamkazi.

Kapisozi sporogony limapangidwa sporangium. Pali mapangidwe spores haploid. Pamene okhwima, ndi spores mokwanira. chafalikiradi awo mphepo. Ngati zinthu ndi labwino, spores kumera ndi kungadzutse protonema kukhala nthambi mawonekedwe filaments wobiriwira.

sphagnum ndere

Sphagnum ndere (350 mitundu) ndi gulu lina la zomera amapanga gulu la Moss weniweni, Moss banja. makhalidwe General ndi kufunika kwa ndere awa zingapo zochititsa. Sphagnum - ichi ndi mpikisano wokhawu wa subclass izi.

Iwo yodziwika ndi pakalibe rhizoids, chifukwa cha zomwe otaya madzi ndi mchere kusungunuka amapezeka mwachindunji ku maselo a masamba ndi zimayambira. Pa tsinde la gametophyte ndi whorls nthambi, zimene pamapeto imakonzedwa masamba. Oterewa ndi kubwereketsa inali pamwamba pa olamulira chachikulu.

Mu masamba a sphagnum Moss palibe midrib. Mu mitundu iwiri ya maselo: moyo - assimilating (yaitali ndi yopapatiza, ndi chloroplasts) ndi akufa (popanda protoplasm, wakuda pa makoma ndi pores). Mtundu wachiwiri wa selo uli tsinde la. Chotero anatomical Kapangidwe ka tsinde ndi tsamba sphagnum chololera kuyamwa ndi kuwalanga kuchuluka kwa madzi kuti kulemera zake upambana kulemera kwa mbewu zina 30. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi, nthaka imene kukula sphagnum ndere pang'onopang'ono akukumana madzi owonjezera ndi chithaphwi.

Choncho osiyanasiyana ndi Moss banja. Kubereka ndi mmene sphagnum Moss, ndi kusiyana kokha kwa mamembala ena a dipatimenti, ndi kuti archegonium antheridia akhoza kupangidwa osati pa moyandikana yapadera, koma pa chomera chomwecho.

Mbali sphagnum Moss ndi ku nthawi zonse timakhala-ndi nsonga tsinde ndi lifotabe la pansi. Koma osati wa zowola akufa, chifukwa nthaka madzi lili mpweya pang'ono, amene n'kofunika kuti chitukuko cha tizilombo nthaka kuchita kuwonongeka kwa zatsalira mbewu.

Patapita nthawi yaitali kudziunjikira yambiri zinthu organic mu mawonekedwe a peat. peat mapangidwe - ndondomeko ndi wochedwa: 1 masentimita zaka 10 ku 1 mita - kwa zaka chikwi.

Andreeva ndere

Green ndi sphagnum ndere - gulu ochuluka kuposa chiwerengero cha mitundu ya zomera amapanga Moss banja. makhalidwe General ndi kufunika kwa gulu linalo, ngakhale nambala yake yaing'ono, kulola kuonetsetsa mu osiyana taxonomic unit. Subclass Andreeva ndere umaimiridwa ndi banja limodzi ndi mtundu wina Andrea. Mu yogawa - ndi zigawo lochepa ozizira a hemispheres onse. Kukula m'madera a mapiri pa matanthwe ndi miyala.

Gametophyte iyamba kukhala ngakhale mu mkangano. Choyamba, maselo anayamba kugawa, ndiyeno kuswa mikangano chipolopolo. Mu umodzi-wosanjikiza tsamba maselo homogeneous. Masamba likule pamwamba, kupanga tsitsi hygroscopic. The zimayambira palibe mitolo mtima.

Sporogonia anapereka bokosi ndi haustoria. Bokosi alibe chivindikiro. Pamene akulimbana a spores mu kunja kupyolera kusiyana 4 inali pakati pa kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke lapansi.

Choncho, gulu lalikulu la zomera apamwamba spore chiwerengero yokha maluwa - lalikulu kufalikira Moss banja. Features ya kapangidwe ndi kugwira ntchito kwa nthumwi izi za ufumu wa zomera imatipatsa kuwatcha achule, monga iwo amakhala moyo pa dziko (kupatula ndere m'madzi), ndipo akhoza kuchulukitsa yekha pamaso pa madzi.