Zimakhudza anthu pa chilengedwe: mavuto ndi njira zothetsera

zochitika za anthu a makhalidwe oipa pa chilengedwe, ndipo chifukwa cha ichi ndi zina za chilengedwe. Modern zinthu zopangidwa ndi chinadzetsa kwambiri kulimbitsa Parikova tingati likutentha, Mpweya umene wakuta, asidi mvula ndi mavuto ena a zachilengedwe.

zotsatira kutentha

Lero kukopa anthu pa mlengalenga kwambiri. Tsiku lililonse pali makampani latsopano ndi magalimoto kuti zimatulutsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Onse a iwo anaikira mu mlengalenga, zikubweretsa zikamera wa zotsatira amphamvu kutentha. Choncho ndi luso la ena mpweya loyenda pamwamba pa dziko cheza kwambiri dzuwa.

Pamene kufanana chilengedwe cha mmene kutentha ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zamoyo padziko lapansi, monga uyamiko kwa Iye, ife kupulumutsidwa kutentha mwachizolowezi. Komabe, chifukwa kuwonjezeka mpweya ndende mu chikhalidwe cha bwino izi kusokonezedwa. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero, zachilengedwe ndi olosera kuti kuwuka mu kutentha pafupifupi dziko lonse.

Mpweya wa carbon dioxide

Chochititsa chidwi kukopa anthu pa mlengalenga chifukwa zifukwa zingapo. Izi makamaka mpweya woipa. Iwo ali otsika angathe kutentha, koma kulibe mu mlengalenga kwa zaka zingapo. Choncho, mpweya ndende akufotokozera mu vuto lonse pang'onopang'ono, koma pa nthawi yomweyo molimba mtima.

Ndiwo mankhwala mu zinkakhalira - processing ndi moto mafuta, malasha, gasi, i.e., Malasha Amapangitsa. kufunika kwa anthu sitingalephere kukambapo - zikomo kwa utsi izi limapanga 80% mphamvu dziko. Nthawiyi, zofuna anthu kukula. Pali mafakitale latsopano, mzinda - zonsezi kumalimbitsa zimakhudza anthu pa mlengalenga. Aliyense okwanira chaka mpweya woipa mu chilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira pafupifupi theka kuchuluka mfundo.

Pali zifukwa zina zimene kukakamiza chilengedwe. Choncho kuchepa pang'onopang'ono m'dera m'nkhalango mabacteria ndi yamphamvu ndipo otentha amachititsa zina kumasulidwa mpweya oxidized. Zimenezi zimalimbikitsa osati chikhalidwe komanso munthu. ntchito yake yogwira chuma chifukwa cha kudula pang'onopang'ono pansi nkhalango zambiri.

Chifukwa kusintha mpweya mumlengalenga mpweya woipa kuonjezera tingati kuphatikizapo nyanja, zimene zimatenga ndi amasungunula pawiri. Izi masoka njira, kuipa imene yawonongeka chifukwa alowererepo anthu. Scale kuwombola pakati pa mlengalenga ndi zigawo kuya kwa nyanja ukadali siziri chimodzimodzi anayamikira. peculiarity ake ndi ndondomeko izi nkhoswe amasintha topezeka lonse wonse. Popeza zimakhudza anthu pa mlengalenga amakhudza photosynthesis, amene kukondoweza gwero ndi mpweya.

dziko owonjezera

Zotsatira kutentha kumatheka chifukwa cha mkulu wa ndende methane, amene kukula chifukwa zinthu anthu. izo aumbike mwa pompo-pompo m'madambo, mu minda ya mpunga, ndi zina zotero. d. Koma masiku ano, pafupifupi 60% ya dziko mu mlengalenga auka ku kuyaka wa mafuta okumba pansi, mafuta kuyenga komanso kupanga mafuta. Mfundo zonsezi kuonjezera zimakhudza anthu pa mlengalenga.

Mwachidule chikhalidwe ali zimagwirira ntchito yakeyake kuchepetsa dziko. Nkhanizi ndi osakhazikika. Iwo atachotsedwa m'mlengalenga chifukwa mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo ion hydroxyl. Komabe, ngakhale njira zachilengedwe masiku ano sangakhale kukhala ndende ya dziko mu chimango yachibadwa. Poyerekeza mafanizo modernity komanso nthawi chisanadze mafakitale, asayansi afika pozindikira kuti pa nthawi chiwerengero amaimirira kuposa kawiri, amene sakhoza kukhala opanda mavuto chifukwa dziko lonse.

kusintha kwanyengo

Chifukwa cha kutentha zakulitsa kutentha ambiri padziko lonse pa atumwi wotsiriza chawonjezeka pa avareji ndi 0,6 ° C. Umo ndi momwe kungasokoneze pamudzipo anthu pa mlengalenga. Ndipo ngakhale chiwerengero zingaoneke zing'onozing'ono ndiponso zosafunika kwenikweni, kusintha ngakhale kakang'ono ukasintha kusintha biosphere.

kuwuka kutentha kugwirizana ndi phukusi anthu, inapita patsogolo pa kofulumiraku kuyambira 1980. pamene m'mayiko ambiri anayamba kuoneka koposa mbewu ina, ndipo panali galimoto Boom. Alamu woyamba adawomba zachilengedwe, ndiyeno ena a sayansi. Studies pa nkhani imeneyi akhala akuchitika okha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XX, pamene panali zamakono wofunikila miyezo yapamwamba-mwatsatanetsatane kutentha ndi chifupikitso cha khamu lalikulu deta padziko lonse.

Mapa tsogolo

Today pali zitsanzo zingapo ongolankhula kwa zochitika zina. Ngati zotsatira za zochita za anthu pa mlengalenga sizinasinthe kapena kupitiriza kukula (njirayi ndi mwina ambiri), ndi umuna wa mpweya woipa zingawonjezere pang'onopang'ono. Ndi XXII centennial nyamuka kutentha pa 2-3 ° C. Choncho kusintha kwambiri zidzachitika mu zone subarctic ndi kozizira. Chotsatira kuonekera kwambiri ndi limatsogolera chachikulu madzi oundana. Zimenezi anayamba lero.

Mmene zochita za anthu pa mlengalenga zidzayambitsa kuti kuwonjezeka mpweya. mapu awo yogawa kudzakhala zambiri zokongola kuposa panopa. Komabe, nawo masoka osiyanasiyana achilengedwe monga tsunami, mikuntho, zowononga. A tsoka ofanana zinachitika mu mochedwa 2005, pa kugombe la kumpoto kwa nyanja ya Indian Ocean, chimene chinapha anthu pafupifupi 300 zikwi.

Chifukwa kuchepetsa oundana kumalo ozizira ndi phiri, mlingo avareji nyanja chikukulirakulirabe bwinobwino. Pa zaka zapitazi zana, icho anakonzeka 10 - 20 masentimita. Ngakhale lero, pa chiopsezo ndi mapepala ayezi a Antarctica ndi Greenland Sungunulani ayezi. Kukula kwa madzi a m'nyanja adzakhala ndi amadza yaikulu mabacteria ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja umene anthu ambiri moyo. monga Netherlands, Bangladesh ndi T. D zigawo izi.

Kumene, zinkakhalira pa zimakhudza miyoyo ya anthu akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi ndi kusintha. Izi zidalira pa ubale wa anthu zochita zawo malonda. M'mayiko ambiri akukhala magwero njira mphamvu otchuka mwa zomwe mungachepetsere ntchito mankhwala mafuta ndi zina mafuta zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi makina oyendera mphepo ndi mapanelo dzuwa. Vuto la zoyendera komanso pa siteji zochita. Anthu ena opanga patsogolo magalimoto ndi lolunjika pa nkhaniyo bwino zitsanzo kuthamanga pa magetsi.

Kuwononga wosanjikiza ozoni

kwanyengo Kugwiritsa - si vuto kokha kumene kumapangitsa munthu zoipa zimakhudza anthu pa mlengalenga. Komanso, wosanjikiza Mpweya umene wawonongeka chifukwa zinthu anthu. Ndi mu troposphere, pa okwera pafupifupi 25 makilomita. Izi wosanjikiza woonda amateteza dziko lapansili ku cheza ultraviolet, gwero la ndilo dzuwa.

Chifukwa Mpweya umene mu troposphere anapanga zinthu yabwino kwa zikamera wa moyo pa dziko. Atadziŵa ultraviolet poizoniyu ndi mitundu aakulu khansa ya pakhungu, matenda diso, zipolowe za chitetezo cha m'thupi. Komanso, tidzapeza kuchepa zokolola tirigu, kuwononga zomera nyanja ndi zina mavuto a zachilengedwe.

Chikoka zoipa mpweya wa pa thupi la munthu si m'chaching'ono chifukwa chakuti chifukwa zinthu anthu Mpweya umene anataya za 5% ya kulemera zawo. Mu 1984, akatswiri British kuphunzira Antarctica apeza ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri. Pa dziko lino, iwo analemba chachikulu Mpweya umene "dzenje" - kugwa kwa mlingo wa ozoni ku 40% pansipa pafupifupi. Chifukwa cha ichi, lero, dziko lathuli amalandira maulendo 10 ultraviolet poizoniyu, poyerekeza ndi makhalidwe achilengedwe.

The Mpweya umene nkhani wakhala modetsa nkhawa chilengedwe chizindikiro. misonkhano yachigawo ingapo mayiko yolembedwa ndi mapeto a XX atumwi, malinga ndi zimene kasamalidwe ka maiko otukuka anavomera kuchepetsa kupanga awo, kugwirizana ndi ntchito chlorofluorocarbons. Chotero anomalies oopsa uka ndendende chifukwa cha zinthu zimenezi.

asidi mvula

chikoka anthu pa mlengalenga ali mawonekedwe wina. Iwo amagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka acidity. Mu sayansi, njira yotchedwa acidification. Amveke akuyamba acidity mu mlengalenga, ndiyeno mpweya ndi kusintha ofanana zimachitika TV amadzimadzi ndi dothi.

Zinthu zachilengedwe, chithunzi ichi ndi ofooka kapena ndale. Komabe, chifukwa zinkakhalira asafe ndi sulfure oxides uka oopsa asidi mpweya. zochitika zofanana kumachitika mwa zifukwa zachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, pambuyo kuphulika lapansi. Koma ndi zochita za anthu kumathandiza kuti chuma cha chopereka kwambiri. Data monga kuyatsa malasha utsi zinthu. Izi makamaka malasha, ntchito boilers, matenthedwe zomera mphamvu, makampani mafuta ndi zitsulo.

Agriculture - chinthu china mvula acid. Mlandu asafe feteleza, amene alimi onse ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu lalikulu zedi. Mankhwala mankhwala mu nthaka, ndi ku madera ena a chilengedwe, kuphatikizapo m'mlengalenga.

Kudzera mathithi asidi mvula topezeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango, pansi, nyanja ndi mitsinje. Chifukwa mankhwala asafe pali ndere zambiri, zomwe timadya oxygen. Komanso, m'mlengalenga asokoneza ndi kusintha moyo cheza Padziko Lapansi, komanso bwino zakudya chilengedwe.

mpweya

Tsiku lililonse, kampani matenthedwe mphamvu, makampani mankhwala, zitsulo akakhala ndi sanali akakhala zimatulutsa zinthu zatsopano zoipa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa maziko mpweya pa m'madera ambiri m'mayiko onse. Topezeka mizinda yamakono wodzala zolimba (mwachitsanzo, zitsulo), ndi zomera kuti akulephera kapena kusintha. Chifukwa onse kusachezera - mayamwidwe a m'mlengalenga pafupifupi buku lonse nthawi tebulo.

A vuto lonse, anakhudza anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, amafuna njira yaikulu. Lero, m'mlengalenga zoipa zimene zimakhudza thanzi la munthu kwachititsa anthu oyamba umisiri watsopano kugwirizana ndi yoyeretsa ya moyo ndi kupanga zinyalala. Kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akulimbana ndi kuipitsa ndi kukonza iwo. Zasonyezanso kuti njira iyi ndi cholakwika.

Vuto ayenera kupewedwa, osati kuthetsa pambuyo yatsoka ndi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuoneka mabacteria ukhondo-chitetezo, kuyambitsa kukonzekera latsopano la m'tauni ndi kumanga mafakitale. Pomaliza, anayambitsa malamulo oletsa malamulo ndi zilango. Boma atathana mtengo wa woipa pazipita chovomerezeka zinthu wonunkha mu mlengalenga. Kuyang'aniridwa ndi macheke zonse mpweya. Kupanga zinthu zina ambiri ndikoletsedwa kapena koletsedweratu.

Health yamba

The kungasokoneze ya mpweya thanzi la munthu chikukulirakulirabe kwa zaka zapitazi. Anthu (makamaka amene ankakhala ku mizinda) tsiku lililonse kupuma zinthu zoipa mu mlengalenga. Izi particles asibesitosi, mpweya wakuda, kutsogolera mu mawonekedwe olimba, asidi sulfuric ndi chimasanduka mu mawonekedwe a m'malovu kakang'ono, komanso mpweya zosiyanasiyana. Masomphenya, mmene onse a zinthu zimenezi bwanji kupuma. Komanso, kumaonjezera ngozi ya cardio-mtima chikhalidwe.

Mmene mpweya thanzi la munthu zimadalira thupi titadziwa kutengera za ku matenda makamaka. Koma zochitika za matenda ndi azimuth ambiri, amene anatsimikiza ndi ndende yaikulu ya chinthu makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya monoxide, mankhwala sulfure, propylene, mafuta zidulo, otsogolera Mercury chifukwa matenda kugwirizana ndi m'thupi. Matenda a ziwalo ndife mantha dongosolo, zambiri chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa mankhwala chromium ndi silika. Phenol, fluoro, fumbi, sulfide hydrogen ndi mpweya disulfide ndi lachonde malo kuswana kwa kupitilira matenda ziwalo m'mimba.

Mafuta mankhwala, Arsenic ndi benzene kulowa mlengalenga lero ndi vuto lalikulu m'dera yosiyaniranapo. zinthu zonsezi bwanji ntchito ubereki wabwino wa thupi. gulu ili mulinso mankhwala organic, kuphatikizapo dioxins.

kuwonongeka kwa galimoto

Malinga kuwerengetsera asayansi 'pa umuna pafupifupi zinthu zoipa m'mlengalenga ndi amachepetsa moyo wa mlengalenga kwa zaka zaka 3 mpaka 5. Mmene mpweya pa munthu umayambira makamaka chifukwa likuwonjezekabe ntchito galimoto. Nkhunizo watentha makina wogawana osati kwathunthu, chifukwa cha zimene chilengedwe ndi kutenga mankhwala zoipa kwa anthu. Pamene galimoto chimadyedwa 15 okha% mafuta. Otsala 85% ali waikamo mu mlengalenga ndi kulowa m'mlengalenga.

The kuyaka chipinda olimbana mu galimoto ndi munthu riyakitala mankhwala, kupoletsa onse latsopano poizoni pawiri. Ngakhale ambiri chifukwa zinthu zina, pali amadza zabwino anthu pa mlengalenga, ubwino wotumbululuka poyerekezera ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya magalimoto akuthamanga petulo. Pa makina kukhala mpweya cholimbacho ngati mwaye ndi patsogolo. Anakaika pa chimasanduka pamwamba, ena omwe amaonjezera ngozi ya matenda a khansa.