Wamkazi Hecate - wamkazi wa mdima Agiriki

Ku Greece, monga ku Roma, chipembedzo choposa zipembedzo anali chikunja yodziwika mnogobozhestvom umatchedwanso yambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti udindo munthu m'nthano khalidwe kwa madera onse a zochita za anthu. Umulungu chachikulu, wotchedwa gulu m'gulu dazeni zoposa, anatsogolera Zeus, amene ankaona mbuye wa mlengalenga, wa Thunderer ndi mwini wa mphamvu zonse. Mu bwalo yopapatiza m'gulu mkazi wake Hera, ankalimbikitsa banja; Poseidon, akale mtundu wa Mlembi wa Navy; Athena, yemwe ankatsogolera nzeru; Aphrodite, amene anali ndi zingwe za chikondi ndi kukongola; Ares, mtsogoleri wa asilikali ankhondo, komanso Atemi, Apolo, Herme, Hephaestus, Demeter ndi Hestia. ngwazi zonse izi za nthano kuwonjezera zizindikiro zawo wapadera ndipo anali katundu wina chidwi. Iwo anali ofanana kwambiri anthu wamba onse mu maonekedwe ndi zochita, ndi zolinga zake. Yotha milungu imeneyi analandira dzina la anthropomorphism. Wamkazi Hecate mu Agiriki losaiwalika. Iye akhalambira mba pereka nsembe kwambiri, koma nthawi zambiri mosamala kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mobisa.

magwero

Ngati Apollo anali mulungu wa kuwala, n'zomveka kuti munthu Greece wakale kuyankha ndi mdima. Ndipo ngati anali mulungu Hecate, mwini bwino khalidwe chthonic, ali nthano boma la nthawi doolimpiyskih, ndiye pamaso Zeus anakwera zopatulika Phiri Olympus. udindo wake m'gulu kuyang'aniridwa ndi matsenga, ufiti, zoopsa ndi zina zakuda mawonetseredwe maganizo a zochita za anthu. Magwero a mbali ya kum'mawa, imatengedwa bambo wa titaniyamu Pearce (Wosakaza), ndipo mayi ake - Asteria (mulungu wa kuwala, kunenera ndi maulosi a usiku, kuphatikizapo maloto aulosi, nyenyezi ndi necromancy). Wamkazi Hecate gehena - monga mdzukulu wa Helios (Dzuwa). Zonsezi zikutanthauza kuti mwachindunji mibadwo mogwirizana ndi celestials Olympic (malinga Hesiod) iye sangakhoze inachokera. Komanso, ikuimira gulu anagonjetsa Titans, koma, ngakhale, ali anapitiriza ntchito zake ndipo anapambana ulemu wa Zeu, amene anayambitsa naye ku bwalo yopapatiza ya anthu a gulu latsopano, sanawakhulupirire iye ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito za Hecate

Wamkazi Hecate mdima kwenikweni osati nthawi yoopsa - zimathandiza anthu othandiza moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, ankagwirizana ndi kuswana ziweto, kasamalidwe case, khamu la anthu, masewera ndi kupambana nkhondo. Komanso, kuteteza ana ndi achinyamata, "kuyang'anira" umayi, anathandiza mu kubadwa (tsopano adzatchedwa perinatal ntchito) ndi maphunziro owonjezereka. Ndi wamkazi Hecate anathandiza alendo ndi kutonthozedwa okonda adzasiyidwa. Chotero osiyanasiyana ntchito chifukwa chakuti zina akhala anasamutsidwa ku Apollo, Atemi ndi Herme. Koma anali chabe "ganyu." Ndipo chinthu chachikulu akanali mdima wake.

Research chifaniziro

Kungotchula oyambirira izo zimapezeka "Theogony" Hesiod (Greek epic ndakatulo pakati pa VIII ndi VII zaka BC. E.). Bokosili pa zipata za mzinda wakale wa ku Mileto mu mawonekedwe a dzina la mulungu monga Angachitsekereze ndi umboni winanso wa kukhalapo kwake mu chachikale chinkawavuta chipembedzo Greek (za VI m'ma BC. E.).

The ziboliboli woyamba kupereka lingaliro za mtundu odnolikih wamkazi, m'tsogolo panali zifaniziro za ambiri mwa anthu (makamaka ndi atatu koma nthawi zina zinayi). Mu 1896, mbiri Lewis Richard Farnell anaona kuti zithunzi ndi maumboni zolembalemba ndi ambiri mu dela la mzinda kuposa mu malo yambiri Greek. Wamkazi mdima HECATE anafotokoza zotsutsana ndi polymorphonuclear ndi tanthauzo lake ndi kufotokoza akapulumuka kwa owerenga. zolengedwa ake - m'dziko, nyanja ndi mlengalenga. umatha kulenga kapena muligonjetse mikuntho, mwina zinathandiza kwambiri Chikhoza kukhala woyang'anira woyera wa abusa ndi amalinyero.

mwezi

Patsiku lomaliza la mwezi ali Hecate, pa nthawi iyi Agiriki akale analipira ulemu kwa iye mwachibwanabwana ndi kutengedwera zopempha zawo. Pachifukwa ichi, iye ndi mulungu wa mwezi. Hecate kawirikawiri amasonyezedwa ndi agalu ake opatulika, nthawi zina atavala mwinjiro kutalika sing'anga ndi booted msuweni wake, woyang'anira wa alenje. Komabe Hecate ndi agalu ake kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mitu itatu ndipo amatha kuona mbali zonse. Ngati Artemi, ndi Greek wamkazi Hecate amakonda zachinsinsi ndi namwali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ambiri a mabuku iye anali sanakwatirepo ndipo sanali kubala ana. Mwina izi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa zisangalalo za amayi iye amateteza amayi apakati ndi facilitates mavuto awo. Yaima wamkazi Hecate ndi mlandu wa thanzi la ana.

mawonekedwe

Malinga ndi nthano, ndi wosaoneka kapena anamva monga gulu ethereal kuwala. Mwina chifukwa cha khalidwe la Hecate imatengedwa mulungu wa mwezi, ngakhale zithunzi ake ngosiyana ndi mfundo imeneyi. N'zotheka ndithu (monga asayansi ena amakhulupirira) kuti mphamvu yake kuwala anauziridwa ndi chifaniziro cha mayi ake, nyenyezi Asteria. Aliyense fano la mulungu wamkazi Hecate amapereka lingaliro osati kwa wina okhalapo ethereal, koma olimba ndi dziko lapansi kwambiri. Zotsatira za chilakolako kuthetsa kutsutsana imeneyi kumaonekera lawi, ndilo akale Greek Osema anaika mu dzanja lake. Childs, mulungu wa kumidima, Hecate ankayimiridwa ngati mkazi wokongola (choncho Komabe, atatu mutu), koma nthawi zina ndi wokongola wowopsa. Nthawi zina mkango, njoka, kavalo, galu kapena nkhumba mitu (osakaniza osiyanasiyana). M'pomveka chifukwa amaona mulungu wa nzeru ndi masomphenya.

maluso

luso lake kuwona mbali angapo nthawi imodzi (kuphatikizapo m'mbuyomu, panopa ndi m'tsogolo) chapakati ku nthano wotchuka. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Hade kwathu Persephone, zinali Hecate, amene anali ndi mwayi kuti awone njira yonse mpaka Ufumu wa akufa, limodzi ndi Demeter pofunafuna mwana wake chikusowa, wotsegula njira ya muuni wake. Kumidima wamkazi Hecate anapitiriza mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa Persephone, kukhalabe izo pa ukapolo pachaka. Hade anali osangalala kucheza naye, anasonyeza wochereza alendo, kumulemekeza monga alendo ake, amene anatilola momasuka apite.

Malinga ndi nthano, iye anapita manda, manda ndi zithunzi upandu, ndi kufika kwake nthawi yoyamba kukuwa kapena kulira mofuula agalu. Amagwiritsidwanso ankaona wamkazi Hecate, ndi mtetezi kwa oponderezedwa. Mu Roma, akapolo munamasulidwa kutumikira monga mwambo wa ansembe m'minda yapadera anamangidwa mu ncindi.

Anavutika wa Hecate

Mbali yofunika ya kulambira mpatuko wa mulungu mu dziko wakale anali otchedwa Hecate chakudya. Anakonza nyaze kusangalatsa woyang'anira wamphamvu chipongwe ndi kupewa mavuto ambiri kuti nzotheka likhoza milingo zosayenera chiwonetsero cha deference (oyenda akufa, mizukwa, mwachitsanzo). Nsembe litapita ku mphambano za misewu fanolo, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti akhale owolowa manja, ndi kuti musasunge mazira, mkaka, uchi ndi wakuda nkhosa - ndi kwambiri ngati kudya Hecate. Wamkazi nsembe amenewa ankagwirizana ndi nyumba ndi osauka, kukuteteza ake. Nayenso analandira anali mapeto a mwezi mwezi kuima pa pakhomo mitima nkhuku, kuzipereka nsembe kwa ulemerero wa Hecate. History silinatchulenso amene anadya, koma mukhoza ndikuganiza kuti amphaka ndi agalu anali osangalala kwambiri.

zilembedwe

Mu nthano za Chiroma, Hecate linkatchedwa Trivia (mulungu wa mphambano za). Agiriki akale ankalambira ake monga wamkazi wa mphamvu zobereka chochuluka, Mwezi ndi Haunted Hill. Chidwi m'nthano kulungamitsa chifukwa wamkazi Hecate amabweretsa chuma. Quotes kuchokera m'malemba akale amasonyeza kuti:

1. "wamkazi Gaia mwa chikondi cha Mulungu ... anabereka Asteria, amene Perses anabweretsa nyumba yaikulu kuitana mkazi wanga wokondedwa wake. Ndipo iye anaima, ndipo anabala Hecate kuti Zeus, mwana wa Kronos, analemekeza woposa onse. "

2. "Iye anapereka mphatso zapamwamba, chiwerengero cha dziko osabereka ndi nyanja. Iye anaonanso nyenyezi ndi ulemu wa milungu wosafa. Nthawi zonse aliyense wa anthu padziko lapansi amapeleka nsembe olemera ndi akupempherera mtima monga mwa mwambo, iye akuitana Hecate. "

3. "Ndi ulemu waukulu akubwera kwa iye amene mapemphero mulungu wa zonse, ndipo iye akumupatsa iye chuma."

4. "Ndipo pamene anthu ali okonzekera kumenya nkhondo, mulungu wamkazi amapereka chigonjetso amene amakonda. Ndi bwinonso pamene anthu kuti anapambana masewera, chifukwa wamkazi ndi iwo, ndipo amene walandira mphamvu ya kupambana mosavuta anapata mphoto olemera ndi chimwemwe kumalemekeza makolo ake. "

5. "ng'ombe ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe lonse wa mbuzi ndi nkhosa fluffy, ngati iye akufuna, kuchuluka kwa ochepa, kaya izo zimapangitsa ambiri zochepa."

wansembe wa Hecate

Euripides 'Iphigenia mu Tauris "ananena mwachindunji kuti" Iphigenia anali wansembe wolemekezeka, nalambira mwana wa ng'ombe ".

Wamphamvu mfiti Circe (Circe), khalidwe la "Odyssey" wa Homer, ndi kuti anali wansembe wa Hecate, nayenso.

Medea analinso wansembe ndi zinsinsi umachitika wa matsenga. Iye anagwiritsa ntchito dzina la Hecate pa Colchis ndi Korinto, kotero iye anatumiza ake: ". ... tsiku lonse linatengedwa mu kachisi wa Hecate, ngati angandipatse wansembe wolemekezeka" Ndipo kachiwiri: "Pali mtsikana ... kuti wamkazi Hecate anaphunzitsa kusamalira zitsamba matsenga ndi kuti akhale mmisiri chapamwamba" ( "Buku la Argonauts», III).

Potsilizira pake Medeya analamula Argonauts propitiate Hecate nsembe.

Hecate anali Kodi

Nditawerenga wowerenga onse anazolowera kukhala otchulidwa chidule cha chiwembu chi kuwunika ndi kugawa iwo ndi muzikangana ndi atchulidwa, mwina chidwi yankho limene kalasi zolengedwa lanthano ayenera wachinsinsi monga wakale Greek wamkazi Hecate. ngati chifaniziro chake zabwino, kapena m'malo umunthu wa choyipa chonse? Ambiri mwina, njira loterolo zoika ankakhala ku Greece mu stupor a. mfundo ndi yakuti milungu epic okutidwa ndi makhalidwe a anthu wamba. Iwo anali okoma osyasyalika, iwo imvera mayesero mofanana okhala zonse Greece wakale kapena Rome, iwo ankafuna nsembe zapamwamba, ndipo sanafune kupewa zisangalalo yosavuta anthu. Tikaganizira zimenezi, iwo anali achilendo ndi mtima wa anthu wamba. Wina iwo chifundo, ndi ena satero. Kodi mfundo imodzi mmene iwo ali, zabwino kapena M'malo mwake, zoyipa ndi ankhanza, izo ankaona zosavomerezeka m'nthawi yakaleyo. Choncho chimene icho chiri, ngati ali ndi ntchito anali kokha kusangalatsa milungu imeneyi.

Kodi ngati Chosemedwa cha Ufulu - chithunzi ichi ...

Ndi momwemo chinachitika kuti mfundo za demokalase kwa dziko lathu kusonkhana ndi Makhalidwe a New World. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Chifaniziro cha Liberty, anamangapo ndi French ziboliboli Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi, kutsata maganizo Masonic. Wolemba m'mbuyomu akufuna kulenga ntchito mu ulemu wa chitukuko kum'maŵa ndi kukhazikitsa pa khomo la Suez Canal, koma ndiye sizinatero, koma iye anali wokhoza kenako otchuka mu US. Kodi mbali wamba fano ili wamkazi Hecate mdima? Chifaniziro aukitsa muuni, amene mwa njira zina umanena pa mdima ndi ozungulira. Mutu wa dona uyu ndi korona ndi korona wapangidwa spikes zisonga. Pamene kuyerekezera makhalidwe awa Ufulu ndi zithunzi za mafano Greek involuntarily uka mayanjano ena. Koposa zonse, thunthu American wa mulungu Hecate akukumbutsa mdima. Photo ziboliboli munthu amapereka lingaliro la kukongola wangwiro, wopanda kuchititsa Choncho mayanjano aliyense kumbali. Kodi akhoza kuyang'ana mu masana ndi moto ndi chifukwa muuni ake? Kodi nyanga cheza, wophimba mphumi, ngati Gorgon njoka?

Tsopano ndikuganiza mmene Mulungu anafunira Bartholdi, wogwira ntchito zina zachidule wake. Komabe kufanana wakuti, lomwe ndi chizindikiro cha "demokalase chilengedwe" ndi pansi wamkazi Hecate. Photos ziboliboli izi kuyerekeza mosavuta. Monga mu Zakachikwi zapitazi, zimabweretsa m'maganizo mwa chiyembekezo, ena wowopsa. Enanso sindimakhulupirira mu ulamuliro wa mdima, ndi okonzeka kuti athane nalo.