Nkhondo ya USSR panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri (chithunzi)

zombo liniya ndi zida zankhondo oti muli nazo zida magalimoto ankhondo, amene kusamutsidwa lalikulu ndi zida zabwino. Nkhondo ya USSR akhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana nkhondo, monga n'zosavuta kuthana ndi chiwonongeko cha adani nkhondo panyanja kutsatira zida zankhondo kunyanyala pa mipherezero ili pamtunda.

Features

Nkhondo ndi amphamvu zida zankhondo magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo mu utumiki wa dziko lawo anali amphamvu kwambiri. Nkhondo ya USSR anali kutumikira khalidwe zosiyanasiyana zoimbira kuti mowirikiza akweza. Nthawi zambiri armament inkakhala ndi lalikulu-likungosonyeza mfuti za makina, oponya machubu. Ngalawa zimenezi kupereka chitetezo cha Leningrad, Sevastopol ndiponso mizinda ina ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Maphunziro "Sevastopol"

Nkhondo kalasi ndi mawonekedwe polojekiti thupi, mmene dera freeboard ndi mapulaniwo icebreaking mawonekedwe amachepa. Pamene kutalika yaing'ono ya wamba sitima tonnage anali matani 23,000, koma makamaka chimachititsa matani pafupifupi 26,000. The mafuta ntchito malasha, ndi ngati chofunika ntchito yokakamiza, mafuta. Izi Soviet Navy Nkhondo zida ndi magetsi a malita 42 000. a. pa liwiro la 23 mfundo ndi mtunda kusambira wa 4000 mailosi.

Monga zida luso okonzeka ndi liniya rifled mfuti anakonza linearly ndi osiyana luso mlingo yowotcha wa 1.8 pa mphindi. Monga ntchito zida zankhondo mgodi 16 mfuti 120 mm, amene mlingo anali 7 zipolopolo pa mphindi, ndi zida zonse anaika pa sitimayo pakati. Kusinthaku Izi a zida zankhondo zinachititsa kuti dzuwa otsika kuwombera, amene, pamodzi ndi otsika seaworthiness a nkhondo anawalenga kovuta kulamulira.

Nkhondo imeneyi USSR anali pansi wamakono ngakhale nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, zomwe zinachititsa kusintha zombo silhouette: iwo anali thanki-kuwonjezera-mu mwamphamvu litsatira thupi, ndi pamwamba chidafundidwa cholimba yazokonza pansi. kusintha bwanji uta, zomera mphamvu ndi kusintha moyo kwa timu.

"Paris kuyanjana"

nkhondo izi ziri akweza kwa atsopano. M'kupita kwa kuwongolera kusamutsidwa ake chawonjezeka injini mphamvu anali wapamwamba ndipo anakwana 61 000 HP chombo ali ndi liwiro pamwamba 23,5 mfundo. chidwi kwambiri wamakono kale kulimbikitsa zida mpweya chitetezo: uta ndi kumbuyo anali 6 odana ndege mfuti ya 76 mm, 16 zida zankhondo mfuti ndi 14 mfuti makina. Izi Nkhondo ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya Soviet Union ankagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha Sevastopol. Pakuti ankhondo pa World nkhondo II nkhondo nawo yokopa 15 asilikali, ikuchitika 10 zida zankhondo yowotcha, anasonyeza kuukira oposa 20 mwa ndege mdani ndi mfuti pansi ndege atatu mdani.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, chombo kumbuyo Sevastopol ndi Kerch Khwalala. Ankhondo zinachitika koyamba pa November 8, 1941, ndi kokha koyamba kumenyana adawononga ambiri akasinja ndi mfuti, magalimoto a asilikali yonyamula katundu wina.

"Marat"

Nkhondo imeneyi USSR kumbuyo ikuyandikira kuti Leningrad, kutsogolera chitetezo cha mzindawo masiku 8. Nthawi ina ndi matenda mdani m'chombomo mabomba awiri okha amene adawononga kutsogolo kwa sitima ndi zinachititsa kuti detonation wa kosungira chipolopolo. Chifukwa cha mwambo umenewu zomvetsa chisoni anapha anthu 326 - mamembala adalira. Patapita miyezi sikisi, sitima tsankho buoyancy gawo aft kunali pakubwera iye, omwe anamiza, panabukanso. Germany kwa nthawi yaitali anayesa kuwononga nkhondo zowonongeka, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito asilikali athu monga linga.

Komabe, patapita kanthawi ndi nkhondo inakonzedwanso ndi pang'ono, koma ngakhale izi walola iye kupewa zida zankhondo moto ya m'daniyo; pambuyo pa kukonzedwanso kwa zombo lidawonongeka ndi ndege, mabatire, ndi ntchito ya mdani. Mu 1943, nkhondo ya USSR anadzatchedwa ndi "Petropavlovsk" ndi zaka ngakhale pambuyo 7 palimodzi achoka utumiki ndipo umasamutsidwa ku malo maphunziro.

"October utasintha"

nkhondo izi poyamba linali ku Tallinn, koma ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse akhala akusamukira Kronstadt, mwamsanga pamene mzinda anayamba podstupat Germany. "October utasintha" yakhala yodalirika zida zankhondo chitetezo cha mzindawo, kuyambira zoyesayesa zonse kumira ndi nkhondo ya German Army analephera. Pa nkhondo, nkhondo yaikulu ya USSR wasonyeza wokha ngati mdani odalirika pa madzi.

Kuchokera "Gangut" kuti "utasintha"

Dzina lenileni linali ankadikira "Hanko". Zinali pansi pa dzina ili chombo anatenga gawo mu First World nkhondo: ikayamba ake anakhazikitsako minefields, amene kenako analiza osati wina German cruiser. Pambuyo kupatsa dzina latsopano la chombo anakagwira Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Germany anali zoyesayesa zonse kuthana nazo kulephera. Nkhondo Soviet ya nkhondo yachiwiri ambiri odalirika: mwachitsanzo, "October utasintha" chinaperekedwa ku ndege ndi zida zankhondo kuukira ambiri, ndipo komabe anakaniza. The nkhondo chomwecho panthawi ya nkhondo opangidwa 1500 zipolopolo linasonyeza kuukira ambiri mpweya, anawombera pansi ndege 13 ndipo ali ambiri anavulala.

Main kukwera "Gangut" ( "October utasintha")

Choona chidwi ndi zombo oopsa a asilikali athu osati kamodzi pa nkhondo ziwiri dziko - loyamba ndi lachiwiri - si anakumana nkhondo ali ndi Nkhondo mdani. Nkhondo okha unachitikira "Sevastopol" akadali mu Civil nkhondo, pamene chombo uli pamalo mu wowonongayo "Azard" akumatsutsa kuukira monga mmene ofunkha zinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri British.

Ambiri, "Hanko" anapita yokopa atatu asilikali ku Baltic, pamene iye anapereka anga kuika, kenako Red Army, analandira dzina latsopano, ndipo anaphatikizidwa Baltic Nyanja asilikali apanyanja. Ankadikira nawo Union-Chifinishi nkhondo ngati moto kuthandiza asilikali pansi. Ntchito kwambiri chinali nkhondo Leningrad chitetezo.

Mu 1941, 27 September, pa chombo kugunda bomba yolemera makilogalamu 500, limene anaswa sitimayo anang'amba nsanja.

"Arkhangelsk"

Osati zonse za Nkhondo ya USSR pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World poyamba anali mu utumiki wa dziko lathu. Choncho, nkhondo "Arkhangelsk" poyamba anali m'gulu la zombo panyanja ya Great Britain, kenako kunditumiza ku Soviet Union. N'zochititsa chidwi, koma chombo anatembenuzidwa ku US, ali okonzeka ndi kachitidwe kamakono Rada kwa mitundu yonse ya zida. N'chifukwa chake "Arkhangelsk" imatchedwanso ngati HMS Royal Wamkulu Koposa.

M'zaka interwar, ndi nkhondo anali modernized kangapo, ndipo kwambiri. Ndipo kusintha anali kwenikweni retrofitting mfuti. Kuti World nkhondo II ankadikira kuti anali kale lotha, koma, ngakhale, komabe izo zinali m'gulu la zombo za dziko. Koma udindo wake sunali wolimba mtima ngati Nkhondo ina: "Arkhangelsk" makamaka anaima pa gombe la Kola Bay, zomwe moto amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet ndi gulu la Germany tayi. Mu January 1949, chombo kukaperekedwa kwa UK.

Ntchito Nkhondo USSR

Nkhondo ya USSR, ndi ntchito yomwe yapangidwa zosiyanasiyana akatswiri, nthawi zonse kale pakati pa odalirika kwambiri mu dziko. Mwachitsanzo, katswiri Bubnov sverhdrednouta akufuna ntchito, umene unakopa chidwi cha elaboration mwatsatanetsatane, zida zankhondo mphamvu, kuyenda mkulu-liwiro ndi mlingo wokwanira pa malo. Kulengedwa mu 1914 ndi ntchito yaikulu la akatswiri anali kuika atatu chetyrehorudiynye nsanja pa nkhani yaing'ono, zomwe sanakhutire zida zotere. Kunapezeka kuti chombo anakhalabe imeneyi popanda wodalirika odana oponya chitetezo. The zipangizo waukulu zida ngalawa zidali:

• chachikulu zida lamba chimene chimafika kuti 2/3 kutalika chotengeracho;
• yopingasa malo m'magawo anayi;
• nsanja zozungulira buku;
• 12 mfuti nsanja ndi 24 zanga likungosonyeza mfuti zimene inali ku casemates.

Akatswiri amanena kuti nkhondo - wamphamvu nkhondowo wagawo, amene poyerekeza ndi analogues achilendo amene wakwanitsa kukhala liwiro mfundo 25. Komabe, zosungitsa sizinakukwanire kale pa nthawi ya Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, ndi wamakono wa ziwiya anali sanakonzekere ...

Project injiniya Kostenko

Nkhondo wangwiro wa Russia ndi Soviet Union mobwerezabwereza anapulumutsidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet. Chimodzi mwa zochitika panali ngalawa Kostenko, amene amaonedwa kwambiri posachedwapa. paradaiso monga makhalidwe bwino moyenera zida, liwiro lalikulu ndi buku apamwamba. ntchito inachokera pa Anglo-German zinachitikira Nkhondo ya Jutland, kotero injiniya anakana kuchepetsa pasadakhale zida zida zankhondo za sitima. Koma inagona pa kugwirizanitsa thupi zida ndi kuyenda.

Ngalawayi udaikidwa mmene Mabaibulo anayi, zimene zinathandiza kuti akhale yachangu ndi njira yoyamba. Monga a Baibulo Bubnov, ndi nkhondo anali ndi akuluakulu nkhondowo zone, amene lowonjezera ndi wapogawanikira wa mbale ziwiri. Buku Cham'mbali anakhudza adzikometsa zingapo, zimene lokha zinthu monga zida Ufa. Kusungitsa anachita mu nsanja, kudula, zozungulira chotengera Komanso wotchi injiniya kuti oponya chitetezo, amene Nkhondo kale anaonekera mu mawonekedwe a wapogawanikira yosavuta kotenga.

Malinga ntchito zida injiniya zipangizo waukulu likungosonyeza mfuti 406 mamilimita ndi 130 mm. Woyamba inali ku nsanja, amene amathandiza osiyanasiyana wabwino wa moto. Ntchito chotengera, monga tanenera kale, anali osiyana, zimene zinapangitsa chiwerengero cha mfuti.

Project akatswiri okonza Gavrilova

Gavrilov anapereka kumanga amphamvu kwambiri, otchedwa Nkhondo mmphepete USSR. Photo limasonyeza kuti zitsanzo ngati anali wamfupi, koma maonekedwe luso ndi ntchito anali aluso. Malinga ndi mfundo ambiri, nkhondo ankaimira Kuchepetsa chombo amene specifications anali pafupi mlingo zothekadi. polojekiti moganizira yekha wamphamvu kwambiri options zida:

• 16 mfuti likungosonyeza waukulu 406 mm nsanja anayi;
• zidutswa 24 mamilimita 152 mu likungosonyeza wa casemates wanga.

zida amenewa si zogwirizana ndi mfundo shipbuilding Russian pamene anati kuphatikiza zodabwitsa za pazipita zotheka zida zankhondo machulukitsidwe pa mtengo kwambiri atamva kusungitsa kuwonongeka. Ndi, mwa njira, sanali abwino kwambiri a Nkhondo ya Soviet Union. Koma sitimayo zosagwiritsa dongosolo anali mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito zake zinali zochokera turbines ndi, tiransifoma.

zida Features

Nkhondo ya USSR pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World (chithunzi akutsimikiza mphamvu zawo), malinga Gavrilova ntchito zida ndi patsogolo kwambiri pa machitidwe nthawi. Ngati akatswiri yapita, iye anamvetsera kwa kusungitsa ndi kusungitsa anali pang'ono wamkulu makulidwe. Koma akatswiri ananena kuti ndi zida zankhondo zamphamvu, imathamanga mkulu kuyenda ndi kukula yaikulu ya nkhondo zimenezi zingakhale osatetezeka kwambiri pamene kukumana ndi mdani.

zotsatira

Malinga ndi akatswiri, Wachiwiri World nkhondo sitepe zobweretsa fufuzani udindo wa Nkhondo Soviet kuti kupezeka. Mwamwayi, nkhondo zombo sanali wokonzeka mphamvu zowononga ndi mphamvu ya mabomba a atomiki ndi zida mwatsatanetsatane-oongoka. Choncho pafupi ku mapeto a zombo nkhondo ya mzere chidatha kukhala wamphamvu nkhondoyo, ndi chitukuko cha ndege chonyamulira ofotokoza kupatsidwa chidwi. Stalin analamula Nkhondo amachotsedwa mapulani kwa shipbuilding panyanja chifukwa iwo sanali akwaniritsa zofunikira za nthawi.

Motero, zombo alipo la zombo zimenezi kudzipatula, monga "October kuukira boma" ndipo "Paris kuyanjana", ena zitsanzo achita mu malo. Kenako, Khrushchev anachoka mu utumiki wa dziko ochepa chabe katundu zombo zida zankhondo, kuganizira mogwira awo nkhondo. Ndipo October 29, 1955 mu North Bay a Sevastopol anamiza flagship ya Black Sea zombo - otsiriza Soviet ankadikira "Novorossiysk". Zitachitika izi, dziko lathu kunena tiwonana ndi maganizo ndi gawo la zombo ake Nkhondo.