Anthracite (khala zovuta): makhalidwe ndi kupanga malo

Anthracite ndi mtundu wa apamwamba malasha malasha. Iwo amakhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa metamorphism (mlingo wa mchere olimba ndi kusintha structural).

Monga mitundu ina migodi, anthracite - khala kupangidwa kwa zaka masauzande ambiri ku zomera kuti anali opanda mpweya pansi zigawo nthaka. Kwa nthawi yaikulu kwa nthawi ankavutika ndi njira ya coalification ndi humification. Izi zinali mapangidwe mankhwala ananena. Mpweya nalo dzina lake pa mawu a mpweya mayiko - mpweya. Zimenezi odalirika. Anthracite khala ndi view Mkhalidwe. Limatchedwanso ndi kalabankulo.

mbali khalidwe la anthracite

Pankhaniyi pali zingapo zimene mungachite. Ndicho, pamaso pa:

• zimalimbikitsa wakuda kapena wakuda ndi imvi;
• mkulu gloss;
• mkulu calorific mphamvu;
• magetsi yokulirapo madutsidwe;
• kuuma mkulu ndi osalimba.

Features mapangidwe a malasha

Izi amaganizira njira zingapo. Anthracite aumbike mwa dongosolo linalake. Woyamba kupangidwa peat, kenako makala bulauni mtundu. Komanso pansi ena anapatsidwa malasha zotsatira mu chinthu china. Ndicho, mu khala ndi anthracite. Zikatero, kusintha ulalo graphite.

Mabodza anthracite (malasha) pa akuya pafupifupi 6 Km. Places kumene chuma nthawi zambiri deta kudziletsa image, yodziwika ndi mtundu wa kuwasintha matanthwe a. Kwenikweni izo chimathandiza.

The madipoziti waukulu wa anthracite khala beseni ili m'malire a dera Donetsk.

Anthracite Malasha: Mankhwala Mbali

Pankhaniyi, pali zambiri zina zabwino yeniyeni. Anthracite (Greek anthrakitis.) - ndi humus malasha malasha. Iwo ali digiri apamwamba metamorphism. Kuwaona pansi maso zimasonyeza kuti mbewu imakhalabe nkomwe amasiyana. Anthracite - khala ndi mtundu wakuda, kawirikawiri ndi kum'chitira grayish. Nthawi zina mu mtundu ndi akuda discolouration. Iwo aipatsa wakuda velvety mzere pa mbale zadothi. Komanso anthracite (malasha) amakhala ndi wamphamvu zachitsulo luster. Iwo ali kukhuthala mkulu, osati anaphika, ali wabwino magetsi madutsidwe. Mwapamwamba kuuma Mohs lonse - 2.0-2.5, ndi organic misa kachulukidwe - 1500-1700 makilogalamu / M3. Kutentha kwa kuyaka - 33,9-34,8 MJ / kg (8100-8350 kcal / kg). Ilinso ndi mawunikidwe otsika chinyezi - 1-3% ndi uli goryucheobraznoy kulemera kwa 9% ya mtundu kusintha kwa zinthu, 93,5-97,0% mpweya 3.1% wa hydrogen, mpweya ndi asafe 1.5-2.0%. Ndi mfundo yotsimikizika. malasha imeneyi, yomwe muli mpweya mu misa mafuta kuposa 97% amatchedwa superantratsitom. Ndi zokolola buku mankhwala a kosakhazikika lagawidwa zopangidwa ziwiri mafakitale. Ndicho, ndi pamaso pa 220-330 L / kg - poluantratsity izo, ndi pamaso pa linanena bungwe volumetric wa zosakwana 220 L / kg - anthracite.

Ubwino anati, malasha

Izi zili maganizo apamwamba a malasha yotengedwa. Ndi zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina, ngati ali magawo zotsatirazi:

• Mkulu zili mpweya lokhazikika. Pankhaniyi, ndi 94-99%.
• The otsika sulfure okhutira.
• Mkulu enieni kutentha kuyaka.
• The otsika mnyontho.
• Burns popanda utsi ndi malawi.
• Mwamsanga kuwotcha kunja.
• The kachulukidwe mkulu wa misa organic. Pankhaniyi, makilogalamu 1500-1700 pa mita lalikulu.
• Cholowa cha anthracite khala - 1.5-1.7.
• Mkulu magetsi madutsidwe.

Komanso anthracite malasha amene chithunzi anapereka m'bukuli, pa kuyaka si sintered. kuwuma kwake pa Mohs mlingo lonse - 2.0-2.5. Ubwino wina chidwi n'chakuti mpweya pa kuyaka kwa anthracite ndi allocated kuti 5% volatiles.

Mu mtundu wa malasha calorific khalidwe kuposa malasha ina iliyonse, ndicho 8.200 kilocalories pa kilogalamu. Yerekezani, mu mpweya Kutentha mtengo - 7000 kcal / kg.

Mitundu anapatsidwa lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika malasha amene

Anthracite Malasha ndi mankhwala mkulu. Wakhala takambirana kale. Izi ndi makhalidwe ena angapo kumathandiza kudziwa munda wake wa ntchito. Malinga amenewa kukula makalasi klassifitsirutsya malasha khala anthracite (GOST 19242-73). Kupatukana ikuchitika ndi tuzigawo twa kukula kwa mankhwala. akuti:

• "AKO" - anthracite nkhonya mtedza. Pankhaniyi, kachigawo anagwidwa ndi kukula 26-100 mm.
• "AK" - lalikulu anthracite khala nkhonya. Izi zikuphatikizapo kachigawo kukula kwa 50-100 mm.
• "AO" - kalasi malasha, anthracite mtedza. Kukula tuzigawo twa a 26-50 mm.
• "NDINE" ndi anthracite chabwino. Pankhaniyi, kuganizira nusu - 13-25 mm.
• "AS" - kalasi malasha, anthracite mbewu. Zikuphatikizapo tuzigawo twa kukhala kukula kwa 6-13 mm.
• "Ashlam" - anthracite slurry. Iye ndi mankhwala choyambirira cha kutsuka malasha.
• "AL" - anthracite sitima ya Duff. Pankhaniyi kachigawo ndi zosakwana 6 mm.

Kukhazikitsa anthracite m'zigawo imagwiridwa mu migodi ziwalo. Ali akuya mpaka 1500 m. Malasha ndiye kudyetsedwa m'migodi ku makampani kwa processing. Apo izo ikuchitika patsogolo ndi kusankha ndi ting'onoting'ono. Patatha izi, malasha matumba (anthracite) umaperekedwa ogula zosiyanasiyana.

Kukhazikitsa mfundo izi mu mawonekedwe a membala (AP), ndi olemera kulimbikira. Anati malasha pansi pa zotetezedwa "AM" ndi "AKO" katundu zofanana. Ngakhale ndi resistivity wa malasha mtundu wamng'ono ali apamwamba.

Ntchito anthracite

Izi zili otchuka kwambiri. Anthracite - ndi kwambiri wandiweyani mtundu wa malasha. Zimenezi zimathandiza iye zatenga malo oyamba mu gulu la kutentha kutengerapo ndi nthawi kuyaka. Ngati inu kugula anthracite (malasha) kwa Kutentha, inu muyenera kuti zochepa kwambiri kutentha m'dera lomweli kuposa ngati inu ntchito mankhwala ofanana a mitundu ina kapena mtengo. Ngakhale ubwino onse a malasha izi, pano wake ndi kuipa. Ndi osalimba lalikulu, ndi wokhoza zinayambira si mu mitundu yonse ya boilers ndi ng'anjo. Nkofunika kudziwa. Pakuti chabwino kuyaka anthracite ayenera chakudya chabwino mpweya. Makamaka mitundu ya makono ya boilers mafuta olimba ndi mokakamizidwa. Kuti kachulukidwe wamng'ono mitundu khala monga: malasha kuleza moto caking.

Anthracite, chifukwa makhalidwe ake calorific, kuposa analogues ena. chizindikiro Izi 8200 kcal / kg. Mwachitsanzo, masoka mtundu mpweya - 7000 kcal / kg. Anthracite - malasha, yomwe ndi yovuta kwambiri pa zonse anzake ake. Iwo volatiles pa kuyaka ndi allocated kuti% 5 okha. Anthracite ntchito muzochitika zosiyana za ntchito anthu. Ndicho, kupanga mtundu mafakitale (zimapangidwira, zitsulo, makampani shuga, etc.) mu dera limodzi (Kutentha madzi, magetsi ndi zina zotero). Ndiponso ntchito Kutentha mabanja payekha. More ya malasha imeneyi kubala filtrants kuti ntchito kukonza bere, madzi ndi zina zotero.

Anthracite makampani magetsi

M'dera lino, ntchito mankhwala anati n'kofunika. Screenings ku anthracite, imene mkulu phulusa zili kalasi 0-13, ankagwiritsa ntchito monga mafuta mu mphamvu yambiri. Ntchito imeneyi, malasha imeneyi ntchito chifukwa cha zili otsika oyaka. Mphamvu ya magetsi ntchito kuyaka zida anthracite wapadera.

Kuti mankhwala pulverized wa ng'anjo kuyaka komanso kumafuna kapangidwe wapadera. kasinthidwe awo m'malo achilendo. Izo ziyenera kupereka kuyaka wathunthu wa anati malasha nthawi imene iye ali mu zone wapadera kuyaka.

Khala ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, komanso zili otsika sulfure, asafe ndi phosphorous ntchito maketulo wapadera kuti tinapangidwa ichi. Ntchito ina anati mankhwala mu mtundu yaing'ono kukula ng'anjo simenti.

Anthracite mu zitsulo

M'dera lino, malasha ichinso anapeza ntchito yake. Anthracite ntchito zitsulo sintering chitsulo ndi laimu. Ankalamulira electrosteel ndi bwino njira musalole kulamulira chiwerengero cha zinthu zoipa ejected m'mlengalenga. Choncho, ntchito ya anati kusakhulupirika mkulu mafuta kumabweretsa kwambiri njira wochezeka zitsulo.

Komanso, kameneka malasha mtundu ntchito yopanga steels mkulu mpweya kupanga carburization sekondale. Mu ng'anjo kuphulika, ndi dongosolo PCI (kuwomba kwa mafuta pulverized) Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito anthracite. Apa ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha chinyezi wa malasha, omwe umaperekedwa.

Pankhaniyi, anati mafuta angathe kubayidwa mu culm kuphulika ng'anjo. luso ofanana ntchito bwino mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya ndi ku Asia - China, Japan, Korea. Mu Russia ndi Ukraine, njira imeneyi ayamba mu kutchuka.

Mu khala makampani zitsulo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chitsulo kuchepetsa wothandizila.

Anthracite - sorbents

Ilo likadali ndi imodzi mwa zochita kwambiri zingamuthandize mu ntchito ya malasha imeneyi. Anthracite tingagwiritse ntchito ayeretsedwe kumwa madzi ndi zimbudzi. Pankhaniyi, iye atenge mbali ya fyuluta ndi mosavuta m'malo adamulowetsa makala. Ichi ndi chinthu chapadera.

zipangizo zina mkulu mpweya

Malasha msika kale kugawidwa mu zigawo ziwiri. Pansipa iwo amatanthauza mphamvu ndi coke kupanga. mumaganiza mtengo mankhwala zimadalira gawo ndi zinthu zina. Ndipo kawirikawiri iwo ali osiyana.

Anthracite ndi mankhwala wapadera, bwinobwino pano mu zigawo ziwiri. Komanso, iye akadali ukutchulidwa kwambiri mu msika apadera ntchito mafakitale. Price mphamvu katundu ofanana mu zigawo zosiyana zingasiyane, ndiko kuti, chikutanthauza pali kusokonekera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mtengo wa gawo limodzi la malasha yovuta kugwa, ndiye wina zambiri amalima.

Anthracite bwinobwino mpikisano ndi graphite, makala, mafuta coke. The matalikidwe a mitengo chifukwa cha izi kudzadalira mtengo wa mphamvu ya magetsi, katundu zitsulo ndi zina zotero. Nkofunika kukumbukira. Koposa zonse, mtengo wa anthracite zidzakhudza zimene mkhalidwe wa zachuma. Komabe, pa khumi zapitazi ndi noticeable mphamvu zonse kukula.

Pomaliza

Malinga ndi zotsatira za pamwamba, tinganene kuti Malasha Anthracite maganizo ambiri a dziko la mchere. Iwo ali mkulu mlingo ukonde mphamvu khalidwe linanena bungwe pamene magetsi ndi kutentha pa kutentha kwa njira yopanga. Anagwiritsa ntchito makampani kwa kupanga mankhwala zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo. Pamene sayansi yamakono ndi luso sangathe kwathunthu m'malo mwa makampani anthracite. Iyi ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri. Choncho, posachedwapa adzakhala kupitiriza m'zigawo tima wa anthracite ndi khala bituminous.