Wowonongayo ntchito 956 "Sarich": specifications luso ndi zithunzi

Zombo za polojekitiyi zikhoza kukhala chachikulu kwambiri m'kalasi ake. Iwo ankafuna kuti tiwolokere lalikulu zedi chifukwa Navy wathu. Makumi asanu owononga udindo woyamba - ndi sitima m'malo kumaliza zombo lonse. Komanso, Mipikisano cholinga zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito iwo kuthetsa zosiyanasiyana. Mutu wowonongayo "Modern" (ntchito 956) anali anaika mu 1975, sitima chatha ija unayambitsidwa mu mochedwa 1993. Makumi asanu a mayunitsi anakonza mu utumiki wa Bulu la USSR ndi Russia analandira 17. Four kupalasa pansi pa mbendera Chinese. zombo ziwiri kokhazikika, awiri ali mu gawo la moyo wamakono, inanso iwiri - mu nkhondo ya kumpoto zombo, zina zolembedwa kutali. ndi chifukwa chotero Unyinji wa zitsulo kudula youngish, pa mfundo panyanja mayunitsi chiyani?

N'chifukwa chiyani Soviet Union zofunika ofunkha zinthu zatsopano

Zifukwa kukana kwa ambiri zombo za polojekiti 956 kuti anafuna mu nthawi kale. Zinali m'ma makumi asanu, panali chodabwitsa Kalanga, wotchedwa panyanja "Khrushchev ndi kugonjetsedwa." Kuledzela kupambana raketostroiteley zoweta zinachititsa kuti kulakwitsa yaikulu njira. Mwina nkhondo padziko lonse anakana chitsimikizo chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwathunthu, koma zimenezo sizitanthauza kuti palibe pamaso dera la Soviet yapamadzi, kuonetsetsa kuti kunali kovuta popanda kukhalapo mu nkhokwe ya sitima zazikulu. Zochita squadrons, ali pa ntchito mu zigawo zosiyana za m'nyanja ya kutali zinkandivuta (chifukwa cha ochepa mayunitsi, kupanga awo "pachimake" ndi amapereka kukana). Zonyamulira mu USSR sanali anamanga chifukwa cha mtengo awo okwezeka, ofunkha ntchito kale (30-2 kulima. Ndi 78) cruiser (Eks. 68), anamanga pansi Stalin ndi "nedorezanny" Khrushchev, yachikale, komanso thupi wolema. Zombo kubwezeretsa adamfunsa zombo zamakono za tonnage lalikulu, wokonzeka - pa ndime ndi launchers roketi - wamphamvu zida zankhondo. Motero pakati zatsopano wowonongayo Project 956, Akufunika omwe kuzimvetsa bwinobwino pambuyo zikuluzikulu zolimbitsa "Ocean" unachitika m'chaka cha 1970.

Kodi wowonongayo ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani muyenera izo

Wowonongayo - mfundo mwambo osati ndi tanthauzo lenileni. Kumene, wanga si nkhondo, koma ndi galimoto yake cholinga m'malo akutengedwa ndi navies ambiri frigates kalasi lonse zimene Nayenso amakonda n'zosiyana ndi sailboats akale. Wowonongayo ntchito 956 "khwangwala" (kuti anali malamulowo) udaikidwa kuchita osiyanasiyana utumwi nkhondowo, chomwe chingathe kukhala kwambiri kwa BOD (zikuluzikulu odana ndi sitima zapamadzi m'chombo), ndipamene maziko a Soviet Navy mu zaka zao za sikisite mochedwa. Mwalamulo, cholinga chake chachikulu anali kukonza ngati moto kuthandiza ankafika, zili yimitsira wa mipherezero kakang'ono pansi, kuonetsetsa mpweya ndi zida mayunitsi chitetezo Atatuluka ndi kuwononga maboti Nkosatheka mdani. Komanso zakonzedwa kugawana ndi BOD (Miyambo. 1155), zomwe zimabweretsa dzuwa la buluku ngati kuti mphamvu ya nkhondowo wa patsogolo kwambiri pa nthawi ya frigate American "Spryuens" kuti. Kutengera pa zolinga ndi analenga wowonongayo polojekiti 956. Sitima mtengo ndi mtengo bajeti, izo kumanga pa maziko a chiphunzitso chitetezo konkire, makamaka pankhani mndandanda lalikulu.

Maonekedwe ndi phindu propaganda aesthetics

Akukhulupirira kuti zida za nkhondo maonekedwe si zofunika kwambiri monga magwiridwe ake, koma zimenezi si zoona. Kanthu momwe chidwi zikuwoneka chitsanzo zambiri zimadalira Mwina amabala ndi maganizo a mdani, kuti sitili pa nkhondo, kodi mbali yofunika kwambiri mu kukula kwa nkhondo, ndipo mwina kukuletsa. Kuchokera pa chiyembekezo ichi, kulenga, ndi wowonongayo wa ntchito 956. The chitsanzo chithunzi anapatsa Mtsogoleri IMF asilikali S. G. Gorshkovu pa chaka cha 1971, anavomereza chifukwa cha mlili pamaso lowopsya la chombo, kunja ndi mabodzawo ake yolakwika tingati amene akhoza kupanga silhouette pambuyo maonekedwe a chotengeracho m'nyanja. Kamangidwe, anamanga ku 1:50 lonse, mabwana panyanja ankakonda: izo si zogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso mfundo yachilendo ya Soviet Union ndi waonetsa patsogolo kwa sayansi theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XX. Koma, ndithudi, izo zinali osati maonekedwe - osiyanasiyana S. G. Gorshkov, kuti kuganiza chonse cha polojekiti kuti aone wowonongayo 956. Features chombo zinali zofunika kwambiri, ndipo iwo anali kuyankhula za zolimba panyanja kwambiri.

luso shipbuilding

Kuyambirira kapangidwe katswiri mu munda wa shipbuilding ankakonda osati aesthetically yekha. Mbali yaikulu ya maonekedwe akunja chombo anakhala nyumba chamadzi, uta wake obweretsa bwino analamula zida zida zankhondo za moto waukulu, malo a dongosolo mpweya chitetezo mbali (chimene anapereka mwayi kwambiri staging akukhudzidwa) ndi mkulu okwera Rada tinyanga (kwa Rada kafukufuku bwino). Hull kutalika okha ndi mphamvu sitima kuwakhazikitsa. A. A. Zhdanova anali sayenera upambana mamita 146 ndipo m'lifupi 17 m. Kukula kwa wamba mfundo shipbuilding chombo anali woyamba ntchito njira zamakono ambiri. Kupanga uta kufunsa sanali zikulilima (mpaka 7 mfundo chisangalalo) kauntala yoweyula, gulu ikuchitika ndi awiri wovulala pamwamba kuchepetsa aone. Panali zochitika zina zimene kusiyanitsa ntchito wowonongayo 956 Zojambula adzikometsa anapangidwa litsatidwe awo horizontally kaya contours, amene kwambiri bwino workability unsembe. nyumba agawidwa khumi ndi zipinda watertight, tiweramitse "bulbous" m'madzi gawo osati kumachepetsa kuukoka, koma zimathandizanso kuti muli positi hydroacoustics (CIM-335MS, ndi zovuta "Platinum). Rationally ntchito mphamvu oipa zinthu m'madera a maganizo pazipita.

magetsi

The kuipa zino zombo akatswiri kudziwika kuganizira chakale magetsi. Pakuti iyi inali chifukwa. Posankha mtundu wa chopangira mphamvu S. G. Gorshkov zokonda zapatsidwa kwa dera la kukatentha, kukana mpweya. Ichi chidachitika mchikakamizo cha Nduna ya Shipbuilding B. E. Butomy, ndi anakambirana maganizo katundu lalikulu la South chopangira mphamvu zomera ndi chakuti mafuta mafuta kukhazikika mu nthawi makamaka adzakhala opepuka kuposa dizilo ndi USSR. Chifukwa, wowonongayo Project 956 anali okonzeka ndi mapasa kukatentha-chopangira mphamvu chomera ndi mphamvu okwana 100 zikwi. Malita. a. Today n'kovuta kupereka ziyenera mabuku ndi kulankhula kwambiri mtima nkhaniyi kapena motsutsa izo. mfundo ndi yakuti mu 70s oyambirira panali ntchito wofuna kulenga kusintha mbali sayansi ya ramjet KTU, ngati bwino, akulonjeza lapadera, koma sizinali bwino. Potsilizira pake, tinasiya pa boilers yachibadwa akulu paipi kukaona ndipo ambiri, zoipa kwambiri. Ndipo mmodzi kwambiri akangane ndi mtima kwawo kunali ku cheapness wachibale wa mafuta mafuta. World mavuto mphamvu kukhudzidwa ndi USSR.

mifuti

Underestimating zaka zapitazi udindo wa zida zankhondo mu zisudzo apanyanja ntchito asilikali anatsogolera CB "Sevmash" dzanja wowonongayo "Modern" (Project 956) ndi awiri mayunitsi zolumukizidwa AK 130, wokonzeka ndi "Leo-218" machitidwe multichannel kasamalidwe (MP 184). migodi malangizo pamaziko a zambiri operekedwa ndi chida chopezera Rada osiyanasiyana (laser) ndi zipangizo TV, ndi kukonzedwa digito kompyuta magawo mfuti. Zipolopolo chakudya makina mlingo ukufika 90 rds. / Mph, mtunda kuposa 24 Km. Ndi zida zankhondo mphamvu ya wowonongayo polojekiti kuposa 956 Nkhondo pankhondo World Ine, omwe analibe zida zina kuposa Cannon. Kulemera kwa zipolopolo chandamale (miniti imodzi) ndi matani oposa asanu.

Anti-ndege wothandizila zida zankhondo kuteteza munthu ku mipherezero zovuta (kuphatikizapo mivi sitima) nadziwonetsera awiri spaced pobortno 30mm maofesi AK-630M. Zokonda zikuphatikizapo zisanu ndi mbiya dongosolo madzi kuzirala olamulidwa ndi zochita zokha "pennant". Iwo amatha kugunda zinthu mkulu-liwiro pa mtunda wa makilomita 4 ndi mlingo wa zipolopolo 4 zikwi. Mphindi.

mizinga

Mivi wowonongayo "khwangwala" lakonzedwa kuthana ndi mipherezero mpweya ndi nyanja. Ovuta "mphepo yamkuntho" (Mabaibulo pambuyo "Mphepo Yamkuntho mphepo yamkuntho") yatenganso launchers wina mtengo likuomba ZURami. Mu ziwiri zipolopolo PU - 48 kwakusiyana motsogozedwa mivi. "Mphepo Yamkuntho" - chida chonse, ndi yabwino ndithu kuti thupilo la zombo padziko tonnage yaing'ono (mwachitsanzo, chida kapena maboti oponya). Chiwerengero cha mipherezero inamva ndi kuwononga - sikisi (pamene kuyambira pa masekondi 12).

Apadera antiship chitetezo wowonongayo ntchito 956 Achiritsa "udzudzu" ( "udzudzu-M") zovuta, ZM 82 zida za. awiri zomera, iwo kudziteteza malire a uliwonse uli projectile anayi. Zovuta nkhondowo utali wozungulira ndi 120 kukafika (170 pa "udzudzu-M"). Mivi supersonic (M = 3), misa zachiwawa mu kuwombera naupereka chipinda - atatu quintal. Onse eyiti wa ZM 82 akhoza inakhazikitsa mu theka yokha ananyoza gulu la machitidwe sitima kulamulira.

Terms of utumiki

"Khwangwala" akutsutsana ndi Bulu zombo zambiri mikhalidwe ya habitability. Wowonongayo okonzeka ndi umodzi unsembe microclimate kupereka mlengalenga omasuka pa kutentha kunja kuyambira -25 ° C kwa +34 ° C. Enawo m'gulu ogwira kutumikira 16 forecastles mphamvu anthu 10 25 nthawi yomweyo aliyense yapamadzi ali kudera kuposa 3 m². kapitawo chilolezo (quadruple) ndi msilikali (osakwatira ndi iwiri) ndi cabins 10 mamita lalikulu. m. awiri lalikulu wardroom ndi zipinda zodyeramo atatu ntchito kudya. Pa gulu pali zonse muyenera kukhala kutali ndi m'mphepete kwawo: mafilimu a kanema, chingwe TV, laibulale, wailesi mkati, omasuka yamvumbi, anthunzi otulutsirako thukuta. Mu yotentha, mkulu wa mkulu wa chombo akhoza kumangidwa dziwe.

Mkati wagawo pali chipatala zachipatala, wachiphamaso insulator, kuchipatala ndi opaleshoni chipinda.

Zinthu habitability ndi chitonthozo pa Project 956 ofunkha si wochepa ndi mfundo yachilendo, amene anakhudza katundu angathe zombo zimenezi.

nthawi yovuta

ntchito lisanalengedwe basi ntchito mkati, ndi pamaso pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union zogulitsa a zombo za mtundu uwu unali ngakhale funso. Fortini ofunkha zinthu limodzi ndi Soviet Bulu nthawi zaka 1976-1881, aliyense wa iwo anali zochokera pafupifupi zaka zinayi. zombo anafika ku North (zisanu) ndi Pacific (eyiti) fleets nawo zikuluzikulu panyanja kokoka, kupanga maulendo yaitali, ndipo maulendo anzake madoko yachilendo.

Mu zaka otsiriza Soviet ndipo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR zinthu zinasintha. Zikuchepa yafupika ndalama boma. The zili warship si aulere. Pa zaka khumi zimenezi, ambiri olembedwa kutali, anakhalabe chiwerengero cha owononga asanu a mtundu uwu, mpumulo anawachotsa kapena mothballed. "Asilikali Ushakov" Patapita zaka khumi (2011), nkhondowo utumiki nazo kumpoto zombo ali wowonongayo chimodzi chokha Project 956. "Inde" anali flagship ya Baltic zombo, ndi "Quick" inali mu Pacific Ocean. Pali atatu okha a seventini chombo alipo anamanga.

Pa nthawiyi, ambiri a nthawi ya pansi zida kalasi "Sarich" chakale. A anakonza wamakono Project 956 ofunkha ndi mivi sitima ankakhulupirira ankaganiza ndi watsopano mpweya ndi zida machitidwe chitetezo. Pakufunika m'malo ndi odana oponya chitetezo. Pa makhalidwe omwewo akuchitira ofunkha zinthu zinali zabwino kwambiri. Osiyanasiyana autonomously ndi 4.5 zikwi. Miles, liwilo ndi wamphamvu pa bolodi zida zankhondo kulimbikitsa atsogoleri zombo kupewa kusiya kwathunthu kwa zotengera ku utumiki.

Wamakono ndi wolowa

Awiri chombo yosatha, analandira kuika dzina la "Ziti" ndi "Kuganiza", ndiye anadzatchedwa "Ekaterinburg" ndi "Alexander Nevsky", kumapeto kwa zaka zikwi anali atamaliza amagulitsidwa China. ntchito ndi mu ntchito katundu lasintha ndipo muli malamulo 956 E. Mayina a zombo Chinese - "Hangzhou" ndi "Fuzhou" Iwo anali ochokera 2000 kuti akutumikira monga mbali ya kum'mawa Naval mndandanda wa anthu Kutulutsidwa Army la China. Wamakono Project 956 ofunkha wakuti "E" (katundu) zokhudzana okha zomera mphamvu ndi ena machitidwe zida.

kusintha More yoopsa anapanga izi mayunitsi awiri cholinga kwa bulu Chinese. 956EM wowonongayo ntchito amasiyana ndi kusinthidwa kwa "E" kukula, miyala odana sitima ndi achibale osiyanasiyana "udzudzu-INE" (iwo atengemo mipherezero mu utali wozungulira 200 km) ndi watsopano odana ndege zida ndi zida zankhondo mayunitsi "mgoza". The aft mfuti iyambitsa m'malo ndege hangar. Kuti ntchito imeneyi, ofunkha zinthu ziwiri ( "Taizhou" ndi "Ningbo") inamangidwa mu 2005 ndi 2006.

Ngati kugulitsa ziwiya ziwiri zoyambirira PRC anafotokoza makamaka zovuta vuto ndalama pambuyo koyamba nyengo, mgwirizanowo ntchito yobweretsa awiri lotsatira angatchedwe bwino achilendo ntchito. Pakati pa khumi zoyambirira za m'ma latsopano ndi kale pa dongosolo mzere wa wamakono wa Russian asilikali, kuphatikizapo m'gulu la asilikali. Pa nthawi imeneyo, ngalawa cholinga patsogolo kwambiri kuposa wowonongayo Project 956, amene ali chithunzi amagwirizana ndi Nthawi makedzana. Chachikulu superstructure ndi tinyanga angapo kutsatira maonekedwe a fleets Mu zaka zapitazo. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, China sanataye, anagula amphamvu ndi odalirika mayunitsi nkhondo, khama la Navy wake.