Anthu pharyngeal ntchito

N'zosadabwitsa kuti pharynx amatchedwa "chipata chachikulu" mu thupi laumunthu, chifukwa chirichonse chimene afika mkati, umadutsa thupi. Anthu, ndi zambiri anangomutchula kuti "pakhosi", koma ali ndi dzina lina mu terminology zachipatala. Tiyeni tipeze chimene ali pharyngeal ntchito ndi cholinga chake mu njira moyo.

tanthauzo sayansi

Kwa mankhwala, pharynx (balati. Pharynx) ndi unyolo kulumikiza pakati M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno. Kunja, izo zikuwoneka ngati chubu kuti akuyamba kholingo kum'mero ndi malekezero. Kuti izi zidzatheka anthu'wo akadzamvera udindo wake monga kugwirizana yofunika osati m'mimba, komanso mu ndondomeko kupuma.

Kapangidwe ka pharynx ndi

Kapangidwe anatomical kummero si chiwembu losavuta: thupi umachokera patsinde chigaza (pafupifupi hyoid fupa) ndipo amawachitira kuti VI-VII ya vertebrae khomo lachiberekero (mlingo pafupifupi clavicles). Kutalika kwa mmero anthu Mitandadza 10 (ndi ana) cm 14 (akuluakulu).

The lonse lamkati padziko pharyngeal mucosa ndipo ali England umene zobisika ozungulira minofu waluso kuti ndichepe (akusoŵa ndipo Tambasula). Iwo kuthandiza thupi kuchita ntchito yake. Ntchito yaikulu ya pharynx ndi:

• kupuma
• Pomeza chakudya,
• Education mawu.

Ambiri, chipangizo pharynx tinganene motere: izo zigawo zitatu (mphuno, pakamwa ndi laryngeal), omwe chikugwirizana ndi chitoliro ambiri ndipo amachita zinthu zina. Kumvetsa za thunthu la pharynx ayenera kuphunzira zambiri za dongosolo lililonse la ziwalo.

galimoto nasopharynx

The kumtunda kwa pharynx ndi, chikugwirizana ndi M'mimbamo m'mphuno, umadutsa mabowo wapadera m'mphuno - choanae, ndipo akutchedwa nasopharynx. Amakhala kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo mbali, chifukwa chimene pakhosi ndi kuchita ntchito ziwiri. Munthu sangathe kulingalira popanda ndondomeko ya kupuma, amene nawonso, adzakhala atasiya kugwira ntchito ngati zolakwikazo ufulu wa nasopharynx mu dongosolo yaying'ono.

An ntchito yofunika kwambiri nasopharynx ndi kuteteza thupi lathu ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana amene amatha kulowa kudzera pakamwa. mfundo ndi yakuti kumbuyo kwa kumtunda pharynx pali ndende mwachilungamo lalikulu minofu lymphadenoid (mwa kulankhula kwina, ndi amygdala), umene uli mtundu wa chopinga mu njira ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zimawalepheretsa kupita mwakuya.

Pabwino tonsils Palatine kwa wishbone, iwo ataphimbidwa ndi epithelium multilayered kuti ndipamene wandiweyani mpanda woteteza ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono. Lymphadenoid nsalu ndi pa ndege ya chinenero, pafupi ndi muzu kwambiri. Pamodzi ndi follicles ena tonsils ndipo iwo kupanga annular unyolo mu makulidwe mucosal. Mu terminology zachipatala, gawo ili la thupi amatchedwa pharyngeal lymphadenoid mphete ndipo ndi mbali yofunika ya chitetezo cha m'thupi.

The gawo pakati pharynx ndi: matabwa ake ndi ntchito

Mbali ina ya dongosolo tinganene kuti ngati oropharynx: Kudera limeneli, kuyambira ku m'munsi mwa lilime kholingo. Padziko lonse chubu ndi kunapangitsa ndi Kakhungu mucous, zomwe zili minofu. Iwo compress pakhosi ndi kuthandiza kulikankhira chakudya kholingo. Ndi kovuta kukhulupirira, koma minofu zonse zoyenda zonse, motero kuonetsetsa ntchito yaikulu ya pakhosi patsekeke.

Minofu waukulu wa oropharynx akuitanidwira constrictors, iwo chifukwa cha katundu lalikulu pa kumangika a dongosolo akulu. Iwo zambiri imapezeka kumbuyo kwa lokwera phiko woboola pakati (dera lilime) ndi kuchita ntchito yaikulu ya pakhosi anthu ku chimbudzi. Kuwonjezera pa ingestion chakudya kapena ntchofu, iwo zedi mu ndondomeko ya kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa mmero. Malinga malo, iwo anawagawa constrictor chapamwamba, pakati ndi mbali ziwiri.

Mbali pansi pharynx ndi - hypopharynx

Thupi lowermost ndi wosiyana kumbuyo kwa khosi, pa linkawonongeka 4, izo chochokera chiyambi cha pharynx kwa kholingo. Padziko casing fibrous ali hypopharynx umene pali kotenga ndi yopingasa minofu. Pa phwando, minofu kotenga lidakali ndi chakudya monga imachita kukhosi, ndi mtanda - akukankha zidutswa za chakudya. Ntchito ya pharynx ku chimbudzi ndi chifukwa cha mlili wa chikhalidwe cha thupi: mmene amygdala, akhoza kuteteza motsutsana matenda tizilombo, palibe kuvutika mu chitukuko ndipo palibe aakulu, zoopsa kapena matenda oncological.

Kodi ntchito ya pharynx mu dongosolo kupuma chiyani?

Aliyense akudziwa kuti mu mmero a anthu olumikizidwa kwa zinthu ziwiri zikuluzikulu za moyo: ndi machitidwe kupuma ndi m'mimba. Bwanji kuti "mphambano" palibe kugunda, ndipo aliyense ndondomeko ukugwirira ntchito bwino? nkhani zonse chipangizo kunyenga thupi.

M'dera nasopharynx, basi pamwamba mlingo wa M'mimbamo buccal, ndi ang'ono vavu dongosolo lomwe alternately atseka kapena atsegula inayake passageway pakhosi malingana ndondomeko (kapena kupuma chakudya). Waukulu mpweya njira chochokera nasopharynx kuti m'phuno, ndi minofu omasuka onse lotseguka, kotero ife tikhoza bwinobwino pokoka mpweya ndi kutulutsa kudzera pakamwa. Pamene ife yawn, ndiye kugawa ili pafupi ndi m'kamwa zofewa timatha mpweya kuyenda m'kamwa ndi m'mphuno. Mwatsoka, anthu sangathe kulamulira kwathunthu minofu ya kugawa ngakhale kukweza m'kamwa zofewa ndi suspend otaya mpweya, ndime lotsegukabe. Inali pa ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi zina particles chakudya angakhoze kulowamo nasopharynx lapansi.

Lotsatira ili trachea, imene mpweya akulowa kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka pharynx ndi kuwala. Thupi ili ndi chifukwa cha mlili yogawa chilengedwe Mpweya pakhosi ndi kupyolera mu vavu (epiglottis) ili pa tsinde la pakhosi kugwira ntchito zofunika m'dongosolo kupuma.

Ntchito yaikulu ya pharynx ku chimbudzi

Pakhosi - ndi chiwalo chimene kudya chakudya akulowa kum'mero kenako m'mimba. Mu mmero pali njira zofunika zimene zimakhudza chimbudzi zonse zina. Ndi apa kuti chakudya chimene atayeza kukoma: mu oropharynx, ndi lilime padziko ili ndi maselo amene amapanga kukoma kwa chakudya ndipo kumakhala zimathandiza kuti chilakolako cha.

Ntchito inanso ya pharynx ndi koyamba makina processing chakudya: mothandizidwa ndi mano uyo timadya, kutafuna ndi pogaya. Pakhosi slyunovydelitelny ndi ndondomeko yogwira imene chakudya yothira, ndi mosavuta akudutsa kudutsa pharynx kuti kholingo.

Chidwi mfundo: ndi chidule cha minofu zimene zimachititsa Pomeza chakudya, pali reflex wa chapakati mantha dongosolo amalandira zikhumbo kuti chifukwa minyewa kusuntha momasuka, ie, munthu kulamulira ndondomeko izi ... Mbali imeneyi ya pharynx ndi anatulukira pamene munthu ali pansi ochititsa dzanzi.

matenda a pharynx ndi

Ndi isanayambike nyengo yozizira kuyamba mliri mliri, pamene anthu kukatenga mavairasi osiyana. Chimodzi mwa sachedwa matenda tizilombo ziwalo Zoonadi pharynx. Mitundu yofala matenda - ndi zilonda zapakhosi, pharyngitis, laryngitis, zilonda zapakhosi ndi zizindikiro zina za matenda amenewa zosasangalatsa kwambiri: zonse zilonda zapakhosi, chimfine kapena kutupa tonsils .. Muzilemekeza pakhosi ndi bwino kuti akuchedwa, chithandizo yake mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala amakono mwamsanga kuchotsa matenda bakiteriya ndi antivirals bwino kulimbana ndi mavairasi. Chifukwa cha kupewa ndi bwino kutsatira malamulo monga mu malo pachilumbachi kuvala chigoba. njira Traditional mankhwala komanso chiyani saletsa: mkaka ofunda ndi uchi kwenikweni zingachepetse mucous nembanemba ya m'phuno, ndi kulowetsedwa wa chamomile ndi zitsamba kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi.