Voteji - zofunika mfundo zomangamanga magetsi

Magetsi - kwambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a munthu mphamvu. Popanda kukokomeza, tikhoza kunena kuti tanthauzo la magetsi monga ma elekitironi analamula zoyenda ziri zodziwika bwino ngakhale ku sukulu sayansi buku. Koma apa pali chimene ndi voteji wa panopa ndi momwe amaperekedwa "mwadongosolo kayendedwe" Yankho osati aliyense. Kumbukirani kuti elekitironi, ndi maziko mlandu magetsi lokha kudzera wochititsa alibe kusuntha. Komano, yokha kayendedwe ka mlandu pamodzi unyolo limodzi ndi kugwira ntchito zothandiza mawonekedwe a kutembenuka mphamvu mawonekedwe wina ndi mzake. Ndi kupyolera masinthidwe a magetsi zina glows getsi filament, ndi ena - imazungulira pa ozungulira galimoto. Mbali yoyamba tili kusintha kwa mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku kutentha, ndipo lachiwiri - kampasi. Mphamvu yaikulu kusuntha mlandu chifukwa gwero umene kuthandiza magetsi mu dera la. Likuyenderera mu wochititsa ndi, panopa Amakweza mphamvu EMF gwero kwa ogula - ndi filament windings wa galimoto ndi, etc.

Ngati tingamasulire ngati nambala atsopano a milandu likuyenderera mu wochititsa ndi, tinganene kuti ntchito panopa amadalira kuchuluka kwa milandu zimenezo panthawi. Ndipo kodi Mzimuyo ya magetsi mu dera la? Taganizirani chitsanzo cha otaya panopa pa chitsanzo cha madzi ndege mochokera kutsegula mu pansi pa yamphamvu odzazidwa pamwamba. Tiyerekeze kuti chitsanzo chathu ndi yamphamvu - ndi wochititsa ndi madzi - ndi ambiri m'malovu a ma elekitironi. Ndiye zikuonekeratu kuti mudzathe kuthawa pa wagawo nthawi kuchuluka kwa madzi zimadalira magawo awiri - kuthamanga kwa madzi ndime zimene zili m'madera magetsi, amatchedwa voteji, orifice awiri ndi - ndi analogi magetsi kukana. Kutalika kwa Danga madzi chitsanzo amasonyeza angathe chapamwamba gwero mphamvu, anapatsa droplet ngati otaya ma elekitironi kuti asamukire ku wosanjikiza pamwamba m'munsi. The mphamvu angathe misa madzi, i.e. mphamvu ya kuchita ntchito ina zothandiza pa milingo chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi zosiyana. Chifukwa cha kusiyana ulipo pakati pa madzi akhoza zichokere dzenje ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu angathe ndime madzi mu kayendedwe mphamvu madzi ndege. Ngati kutalika kwa Danga madzi kuonjezera, kusiyana osiyanasiyana, kapena voteji, ukuwonjezeka, ndipo panopa, kapena yeniyeni, misa loyenda pa botolo la madzi nthawi akuchuluka. Choncho, chitsanzo akufuna amasonyeza mwachindunji njila kwa mphamvu panopa voteji lapansi.

Akuti izi linanena bungwe mphamvu kwalembedwa motere: I = f (U) * K, kumene ine - panopa, U - voteji ndi K - payekha khalidwe la dera magetsi kwa kudutsa ayankhe apano - ndi madutsidwe. njira zambiri ntchito reciprocal wa madutsidwe cha R = 1 / K, ndipo amatchedwa "kukana". Kukana nthawi ankachita monga zothandiza dera katundu. Mu chitsanzo chathu, ichi "kukana" dzenje m'dera akutumikira kukhetsa madzi: ikuluikulu ndi m'pamenenso permeability ake, kapena, m'chilankhulo cha madutsidwe magetsi, choncho madzi kutuluka kukana ndi utachepa.

chitsanzo chikuoneka bwinobwino monga mphamvu angathe otaya mlandu-droplet adziwonetsa mphamvu kayendedwe la mtsinje. Kulimbikira m'munsi (kapena mkulu madutsidwe), zazikulu ntchito makina anachita pa madzi. M'mawu ena, osiyanasiyana payloads - DC converters, monga filament ndi otembenuka mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku kutentha ndi kuwala, koyilo kulandirana otembenuka mphamvu ngati zamagetsi ku maginito, etc.

Tikaonanso madera magetsi, tinganene kuti mphamvu panopa za Ine panopa ndi voteji U ndi magawo magetsi kudziŵa panopa ntchito A (A = U * I).

Pamene panopa ili anatsimikiza ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo anasamutsidwa, ndi voteji chifukwa chimene chimachititsa ma elekitironi "mwadongosolo" kusamukira ku malo aakulu mphamvu zochepa. Ngati voteji palibe, palibe kuchuluka kwa ma elekitironi mfulu chinthu sichichititsa kayendedwe ka milandu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusapezeka kwa voteji sichichititsa kulanda mphamvu.

Good chionetsero cha anapezazo ndi opangira magetsi: iwo pogwilitsa mlingo waukulu kusiyana (kuthekera) madzi. Apa unyinji wa kugwa madzi ofanana pano, ndi kusiyana kwa chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi dziwe mlingo atenge mbali ya kusiyana angathe.